'LI E> RARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS
580.5
FB
v.30
: • --, -
Return this book on or before the
Latest Date stamped below.
University of Illinois Library
AUG 15 1962
tfr
-
L161— H41
ORCHIDS OF PERU
Photograph by Louis O. Williams
CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 30
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
1958-1961
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-10546
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
BIOLOGY
o
I
ORCHIDS OF PERU
^
*JJ
CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 30, NUMBER 1
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
APRIL 9, 1958
ORCHIDS OF PERU
ORCHIDS OF PERU
CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH
Research Fellow, Ames Orchid Herbarium
Botanical Museum of Harvard University
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 30, NUMBER 1
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
APRIL 9, 1958
THE LiBKAHY Or I;.-
r\DD '? •- •"" ~ ^
Mr i\ t* -j tcoo
PRINTED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
The Frederick R. and Abby K. Babcock Fund
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-105^6
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
CONTENTS
Genera Included in Volume 30, Number 1
PAGE PAGE
17 Pseudocentrum 106
21 Pterichis 107
36 Cranichis 110
39 Baskervilla 117
42 Ponthieva 118
44 Buchtienia 127
47 Spiranthes 128
68 Erythrodes 150
Wullschlaegelia 78 Stelis 163
Gomphichis 78 Physosiphon 222
Stenoptera 84 Cryptophoranthus 223
Altensteinia 92 Masdevallia 224
Prescottia. . 104 Lepanthes 248
Phragmipedium
Habenaria
Chloraea
Pogonia
Vanilla
Epistephium . . .
Elleanthus
Sobralia . .
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Map of Peru 3
TEXT FIGURES
1. Phragmipedium caudatum 20
2. Habenaria parvicalcarata, H. pumiloides, H. avicula var. peruviana
and H. dentifera 25
3. Habenaria repens 35
4. Chloraea densipapillosa 37
5. Chloraea multilineolata 37
6. Pogonia Vargasii 41
7. Elleanthus capitatus 54
8. Gomphichis Macbridei 82
9. Stenoptera ciliaris 87
10. Stenoptera laxiflora 89
11. Stenoptera montana 90
12. Altensteinia elliptica 95
13. Altensteinia longispicata 99
14. Cranichis longipetiolata 114
15. Ponthieva bicornuta 120
16. Ponthieva lilacina, P. similis 123
17. Spiranthes costaricensis 133
18. Spiranthes curvicalcarata, S. pumila 135
19. Spiranthes elata 137
20. Spiranthes orchioides t 143
21. Erythrodes marmorata, E. lobatocalcar 155
22. Erythrodes multifoliata 158
23. Erythrodes querceticola 161
24. Stelis affinis 172
25. Stelis ascensor 175
26. Stelis breviracema 177
27. Stelis concaviflora, S. grandibracteata 181
28. Stelis curvicarina 183
29. Stelis diffusa, S. minuta 185
30. Stelis dupliciformis 188
vii
PAGE
31. Stelis Endresii 189
32. Stelis gracilispica 195
33. Stelis leucopogon 200
34. Stelis punoensis 208
35. Stelis rhombilabia 212
36. Stelis triangulisepala 218
37. Stelis uninervia 221
38. Masdevallia grandiflora 235
39. Masdevallia pandurilabia 241
40. Masdevallia Vargasii 246
41. Lepanthes caudatisepala 251
42. Lepanthes longipedicellata 253
43. Lepanthes minutipetala 256
44. Lepanthes pubicaulis 257
45. Lepanthes pumila, L. alticola 259
via
Orchids of Peru
INTRODUCTION
This treatment of the orchids of Peru was prepared in the Orchid
Herbarium of Oakes Ames, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the
suggestion of J. Francis Macbride of the staff of the then Field
Museum of Natural History, as a part of his comprehensive Flora
of Peru. It constitutes the first attempt at a detailed description
of the orchids of any Andean region, and, as such, will necessarily
show the limitations and shortcomings of any pioneer work. Except
for the neighboring Republic of Colombia, Peru has the greatest
number of orchid species recorded from any Andean country.
It is needless to mention anything about the varied phyto-
geography of Peru, for this has been adequately covered by the
detailed publications of A. Weberbauer extending from 1911 to 1930
and particularly by the account given by him in the Flora of Peru
(Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13, pt. 1: 13-81. 1936).
Since the last part of the eighteenth century, when Ruiz and
Pavon published the results of their explorations (in Florae Peru-
vianae et Chilensis Prodromus, 1794-1802, and Sy sterna Vegetabilium
Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis, 1798), there have been numerous
collecting expeditions to Peru and adjacent regions, but no compre-
hensive flora of that country had been attempted for over 130 years.
In 1936, the first part of Macbride's monumental work appeared.
To be sure, numerous Peruvian species, including orchids, were
published from time to time — together with those of neighboring
regions — in Presl, Reliquiae Haenkeanae (1827), in Humboldt,
Bonpland and Kunth, Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (1815-16),
and especially in Poeppig and Endlicher, Nova Genera ac Species
Plantarum (1835-38). These were usually accompanied by line
drawings of a more or less inaccurate and misleading nature, but
they were often amplified by the more clear-cut descriptions of
A. Cogniaux in K. von Martius, Flora Brasiliensis (1893-1906).
The elaborate descriptions by Professor Oakes Ames and Dr. D. S.
Correll and the accompanying plates in the Orchids of Guatemala
2 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
(1952-53) have been of frequent assistance in the interpretation of
the Peruvian material.
It may be of interest to refer to the recent botanical explorations
in Peru, for we are indebted to sundry collectors who have dis-
covered many orchids that have proved to be new to science.
The first recent botanical expedition to Peru, under the auspices
of Marshall Field, was made by Macbride, assisted by the young
student William Featherstone, in 1922. The initial trip of six
months was an attempt to visit the areas of central Peru which had
been botanized by Ruiz and Pavon. Macbride followed the Peru-
vian springtime by rail to Cerro de Pasco and Matucana near Lima
at about 8,000 feet altitude, making headquarters near the classic
collecting ground of Huanuco. The next year Macbride and G. S.
Bryan followed a similar route, collecting at elevations of 8,000-
15,000 feet, then crossing the mountains and visiting the lower
altitudes of Pozuzo at 2200 feet and La Merced in the Department
of Junin, in the company of an old resident of Peru, Carlos Schunke.
From 1900 to 1929, the great German botanist, A. Weberbauer,
explored various regions in Peru, from the southern Departments of
Ayacucho and Huancavelica through central Junin to the coastal
Departments of Piura and Tumbes in the northwestern part of the
country.
In 1925, F. W. Pennell, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, collected extensively in the neighborhood of Arequipa
and Cuzco in southern Peru, as well as in the region northeast of
Lima in the west-central portion.
Intensive collecting on the wet tropical mountains of southern
Peru was done by F. L. Herrera of Cuzco, who published a Flora of
Cuzco in 1941.
During 1929 and 1930, Llewellyn Williams, of Field Museum,
spent a year botanizing in the lowlands of northeastern Peru, in the
Department of Loreto, with headquarters at Iquitos. He followed
the tributaries of the Amazon to the Brazilian border and thence to
the eastern Cordillera of the Andes.
From April to October, 1929, the Smithsonian botanists, E. P.
Killip and A. C. Smith, made a very rich collection, starting in the
sterile coastal region of La Libertad, proceeding south to Lima, then
inland to the more productive Tarma and Huancayo in the Depart-
ment of Junin, again southward to Huanta in the Department of
Ayacucho and northward through La Merced in Junin to Iquitos
.PEBAS
TPONGO DE
MANSERpHE
TABACONAS 5 !
IHUANCABAMSA-, ,'POMACOCHA
KEY TO DEPARTMENTS
GAMITANACOCHA
IOUITOS
SAN ROOUE
BALSAPUERTO
ZEPELAcfo
BONGARA ' . MOYOBAMBA
CHACHAPOYAS
1 TUMBES
2 PIURA
3 LAMBAYEQUE
4 CAJAMARCA
5 AMAZONAS
6 SAN MARTIN
7 LIBERTAD
8 LORE TO
9 HUANUCO
10 ANCASH
1 1 JUNIN
12 LIMA
13 HUANCAVELICA
14 ICA
15 AYACUCHO
16 APURIMAC
17 CUZCO
18 MADRE DE DIOS
19 PUNO
20 AREQUIPA
21 MOOUEGUA
22 TACNA
PERU
PRINCIPAL LOCALITIES
of
ORCHID COLLECTIONS
CITED IN THIS FLORA
17
VANAHUANCA
LA MERCED
tSAN RAMON
•CHANCHAMAYO " HUACAPISTANA
TARMA HUASSA-HUASSI
I MATUCANA HUANCAYO '^
'LIMA r^HUA..,- CONVENCION ,8
' ^ ^«s <^ ^OLLANTAITAMBO
PARIAHUANCA \CALCA .URUBAMBa
I.HUANCAVELICA- MACHU- PICCHU K^
, 13 /' [VfX
, A8ANCAY"-, OUISPICANCHIS
AYACUCHO ,
"-... l5 '
'• AINA
16
SANDIA,
19
4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
at the extreme northeast, ending with several months of botanizing
in the lowlands of the Department of Loreto.
One of the most extensive botanical explorations was the series
of trips taken by Ramon Ferreyra of the Natural History Museum
of Lima, from 1946 to 1954. He covered the entire coastal region from
Tumbes in the northwest to Arequipa in the south, then the so-called
Sierra or uplands from Puno to Huanuco (through the "backbone"
of Peru), and lastly the upper Amazon Basin or forested region
from Tingo Maria to Tarapoto.
Last but not least of the recent prominent collectors is Ce"sar
Vargas, whose botanical activities began in 1934 and are still con-
tinuing. Since 1941, his chief goal in collecting has been the Orchi-
daceae, in which group he has furnished the material for almost
fifty new species and varieties. His most intensive activities have
embraced the southern Departments of Apurimac, Puno and Cuzco,
the localities of especial interest being those centered in the latter
department in the Paucartambo and Urubamba River valleys, at
Marcapata, Ollantaytambo and the classic Machu-Picchu.
Other collectors who have made considerable contributions to
our knowledge of Peruvian orchids are the late G. Klug, who worked
near Iquitos, 0. Haught of Piura, Sawada and Kanehira of Japan,
the late C. Sandeman of London, J. Soukup, C. Bues, G. Tessmann,
H. E. Stork and O. B. Horton, J. West, E. Asplund and especially
the enthusiastic F. Woytkowski of Lima, who has furnished material
for several new species.
As a framework for this undertaking, we took the enumera-
tion of the orchids of Peru by R. Schlechter.1 This work consists
of a list of all the orchid species previously recorded from that
country, preceded by a detailed account of the distribution of many
of those species in the life-zones outlined by Weberbauer, in the
altitudinal, climatic and geographic sections of Peru.
The Orchid Herbarium of Professor Oakes Ames, the largest and
most up-to-date collection of its kind in the world, formed the
nucleus of our efforts. In addition, extensive series of Peruvian
orchids were available as loans from the Gray Herbarium, the
Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, the United States
National Herbarium and Field Museum of Natural History (now
Chicago Natural History Museum).
1 Die Orchideenfloren der Siidamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten, IV. Peru
(Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg. Veget., Beih. IX, 1921).
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 5
In the event that any species recorded from Peru was not repre-
sented among the available collections, we secured a record of the
type (a photograph or drawing or both) from the Lindley Herbari-
um at Kew or the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna. Thus we
have had a visual representation of every orchid described from
Peru, and in many cases a minute examination of these records has
revealed characters and measurements not mentioned in the original
diagnosis. These features have proved of inestimable value in
constructing the keys, as well as in writing the descriptions.
The key to the genera follows the framework proposed by R.
Schlechter (Notizbl. Bot. Gart u. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem 9 [1926] nr.
88, pp. 567-590), with a few additions and modifications, mostly
for the purpose of simplicity and completeness. This "system"
appears to be the most workable of any scheme proposed up to the
present, since it has the virtue of being strictly dichotomous through-
out and includes most of the recent orchid concepts. Since our
primary object is "to facilitate the ready determination of Peruvian
plants," to quote Macbride, our specific keys are often more artificial
than natural, the more obvious characters being used even if the
true relationships are apparently neglected. Occasionally, for the
purpose of clarity, a genus or species is repeated under two con-
trasting branches of the key.
The species are arranged alphabetically. Their descriptions,
while guided by the type diagnosis, were compiled by an examination
of all of the available specimens of the species throughout the known
range. Since many of the species accredited to Peru lack any
mention of size in their description, and for the consideration of
uniformity, we have not deemed it necessary to give in any case
more precise floral measurements than are required to identify the
particular entity. However, in every case, so far as possible, the
length of the dorsal sepal and the measurements of the lip have
been given, the exact shape of all of the floral parts and the state-
ments concerning their relative size being considered sufficient, with
the help of the key, for the identification.
It has been our intention — following the rule laid down for the
entire Flora of Peru — to include all of the binomials credited to the
Peruvian orchid flora. The single exception to this practice occurs
in the genus Stelis, where several species collected by Jameson
(who worked chiefly in Ecuador) are cited from Peru on the photo-
graphs of the types in the Lindley Herbarium; but in no case have
these species been included in Schlechter's enumeration of Peruvian
orchids.
6 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
We have tried to follow the method of citation of references and
the general format employed in other parts of the Flora of Peru.
It has been our policy to cite all of the name-bringing synonyms
and all of the names that have been associated with Peru, as well
as many of the concepts which have previously or recently been
shown to be referable to the accepted name. Again to conform with
the editorial policy of the Peruvian Flora, the frequently large
amount of synonymy not intimately associated with Peru has been
omitted.
In the citation of collections, the first place has been given to
"Peru: Habitat not recorded." Thereafter, the Departments (not
mentioned as such), Provinces (when given), and the exact localities
are listed chiefly in alphabetical order and are followed by remarks
on the extralimital ranges. The altitudes are always given in meters
for the sake of uniformity, scientific preference, and general utility,
although many of these data were cited in feet. In the citation of
specimens, foreign languages are translated into English.
This work, which is the product of many years of interrupted
effort, has made it evident that many concepts overlap the adjoining
countries and that the entire Andean region should be treated as
a unit. Consequently, this book should be regarded as a starting
point for work on the floras of neighboring countries. The system-
atic treatment and the viewpoints herein expressed are the result
of my long association with Professor Oakes Ames, the great Ameri-
can orchidologist.
To my Harvard colleagues, Dr. A. F. Hill and Dr. R. E. Schultes,
I wish to express my deep appreciation for their advice and as-
sistance in the interpretation of the data and other help. There
remains for me the pleasure of recognizing with gratitude the valu-
able taxonomic work and checking, particularly in the Pleurothallis
group, done by Mr. Leslie A. Garay, Assistant Curator of the
University of Toronto Herbarium.
ORCHIDACEAE
The Orchidaceae is a vast family of plants comprising between
15,000 and 35,000 members (the number ever changing and de-
pending upon the opinion of the monographer) and is represented
in every part of the world except the two polar regions, with the
greatest concentration of species in the highland tropics of both
hemispheres. With the possible exception of the Compositae, it is
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 7
the largest family of flowering plants and is regarded as the most
highly developed group of the monocotyledons. From Peruvian
territory we have recorded about 120 genera and 900 species.
Plants perennial, consisting of herbs or shrubby growths (rarely vines),
ranging from an inch to eighteen feet in height, terrestrial (as usually in temperate
regions, where very rarely subterranean) or epiphytic (as frequently in tropical
habitats) but never parasitic, occurring on rocks, in shallow water, or as sapro-
phytes growing in decayed vegetable matter. Roots fibrous, tuberous, or corm-
like, solitary or fascicled (rarely adventitious). Stems commonly more or less elon-
gate, but frequently (as in the tropics) much abbreviated and often thickened into
a pseudobulb which varies from slender and stem-like to pyriform or subglobose.
Leaves solitary to numerous (rarely evanescent), or altogether wanting, usually
alternate or occasionally verticillate, nearly always parallel-veined (but feather-
veined in Epistephium). Inflorescence either terminal or lateral in origin, one- to
many-flowered, ranging from spicate to racemose or paniculate. Flowers zygo-
morphic, minute and inconspicuous to large and showy, unisexual, bisexual or
polymorphic (very rarely cleistogamous), consisting of three outer segments
(sepals) and three inner segments (petals), of which one (called the lip or labellum)
is normally more or less modified (sometimes deeply saccate or pouch-shaped)
and often provided at the base with a more or less elongate spur. Column in the
center of the flower, composed of united stamens and pistil, bearing at or near the
summit or laterally one or two rigidly attached or mobile anthers. One of the stig-
mas commonly produced in front to form the rostellum, behind which, resting in
a bed (called the clinandrium), is the anther that is one- or more or less two-celled.
Pollen powdery, granular, waxy or cartilaginous, often compacted into two to
eight distinct masses or pollinia. Fruit a dry capsule or fleshy pod containing
extremely numerous dust-like seeds.
KEY TO GENERA OF PERUVIAN ORCHIDS
Al. Flower with two fertile (lateral) stamens, one on either side of the column;
pollen not united into masses or forming bodies.
Subfamily I. Diandrae. Tribe Cypripediloideae.
Single Peruvian genus, Phragmipedium Rolfe.
A2. Flower with a single fertile (dorsal) stamen on the summit or back of
the column; pollen united into masses or bodies (pollinia).
Subfamily II. Monandrae.
la. Pollinia with caudicles or viscid disc at the base of the anther; anther
never deciduous Division I. Basitonae.
Single Peruvian genus, Habenaria Willd.
Ib. Pollinia either without appendages or developing these at the tip of the
anther; anther as a rule easily deciduous, more rarely persistent but soon
withering Division II. Acrotonae .... 1
la. Pollinia granular, delicate. Anther commonly persistent; inflorescence
normally always terminal Tribe Polychondreae 2
Ib. Pollinia waxy or cartilaginous. Anther commonly soon deciduous. In-
florescence terminal or lateral Tribe Kerosphaereae 21
8 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
2a. Anther more or less inclined, incumbent 3
2b. Anther more or less erect 9
3a. Leaves chiefly basal; if cauline, the stout stem commonly enveloped by
tubular, membranaceous sheaths Chloraea Lindl.
3b. Leaves all cauline, few or several, blades without long sheaths 4
4a. Leaves unjointed, persistent 5
4b. Leaves jointed or articulated, at length deciduous 7
5a. Perianth surrounded by a distinct toothed cup Epistephium HBK.
5b. Perianth naked without 6
6a. Plants scandent; stems elongate Vanilla Sw.
6b. Plants erect; stems relatively short.
Pogonia Juss. (including Cleistes Lindl.)
7a. Lip without a strongly saccate and differentiated basal portion; flowers
usually large or very large Sobralia Ruiz & Pav.
7b. Lip with a strongly saccate and more or less differentiated basal portion;
flowers always small 8
8a. Inflorescences axillary; peduncle more or less ancipitous.
Sertifera Lindl.1
8b. Inflorescences terminal; peduncle not ancipitous Elleanthus Presl
9a. Roots fascicled 10
9b. Roots arising singly from the nodes of the lower part of the stem or from
the stem-like rhizome; lip with a distinct (usually elongate) sac or spur.
Erythrodes Bl.
lOa. Lip posterior, uppermost, commonly more or less cucullate 11
lOb. Lip anterior, lowermost, commonly channelled 20
lla. Lateral sepals very oblique and forming a galea or prominent spur, more
or less broader than long 12
lib. Lateral sepals, if oblique at the base, not forming a galea or prominent
spur, commonly distinctly longer than broad 13
12a. Plant stout, commonly leafy; raceme very dense; lip 3-lobed.
Pseudocentrum Lindl.
12b. Plant slender, leafless; raceme loose in course of development; lip entire.
Wullschlaegelia Reichb. f.
13a. Lip (and petals) noticeably inserted on the column above the base.
Ponthieva R. Br.
13b. Lip not inserted on the column above the base 14
14a. Lateral sepals connate below into a tube or neck to which the base of the
lip is attached 15
14b. Lateral sepals not connate into a neck, all of the sepals commonly free. . 16
15a. Sepaline neck more or less elongate and conspicuous.
Stenoptera Presl (including Porphyrostachys Reichb. f.)
15b. Sepaline neck short or obscure Prescottia Lindl.
16a. Column conspicuously recurved or reflexed above, usually pubescent.
Gomphichis Lindl.
16b. Column straight or nearly so, commonly short or very short and gla-
brous 17
1 S. virgata Reichb. f., the only member of the genus so far recorded from
Peru, is now considered to belong in Elleanthus.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 9
17a. Lip very broadly cordate-triangular or reniform-ovate with the terminal
portion narrow and recurved; disc with several more or less prominent
intramarginal warts Pterichis Lindl.
17b. Lip not broadly cordate-triangular; disc without intramarginal warts. .18
18a. Column at the base with a bifid petaloid appendage; lip abruptly saccate
at the base Baskervilla Lindl.
18b. Column at the base without an appendage 19
19a. Margins of the lip denticulate to lacerate (very rarely merely sinuate,
Altensteinia marginata Rchb. f., which has a very fleshy lip); lip galeate or
strongly cucullate Altensteinia HBK. (including Aa Rchb. f.)
19b. Margins of the lip entire or lobed (very rarely obscurely crenate-dentate,
Cranichis saccata Ames, which has a membranaceous lip) ; lip not strongly
galeate Cranichis Sw.
20a. Column with a more or less distinct foot Spiranthes L. C. Rich.
(including Brachystele Schltr., Coccineorchis Schltr., Cyclopogon Presl,
Pelexia L. C. Rich., Sarcoglottis Presl, Stenorhynchus L. C. Rich., and
Synassa Lindl.)
20b. Column without a foot Buchtienia Schltr.
2 la. Inflorescence terminal or very rarely in the axils of the upper leaves.
Series Acranthae .... 22
21b. Inflorescence lateral, rising from near the base of the pseudobulbs or from
the axils of the lower leaves of the stems Series Pleuranthae. . . .47
. 22a. Viscid disc of the pollinia rising from their apex, commonly irregular,
rudimentary or none 23
22b. Viscid disc of the pollinia distinct, rising from the apex of the rostellum,
regular, with well-defined margins 46
23a. Ovary conspicuously jointed to the pedicel; pedicel always persistent;
stems usually 1-leaved 24
23b. Ovary not jointed to the pedicel; pedicel deciduous with the flower 32
24a. Pollinia 8; sepals and petals very similar; stems always 1-leaved.
Octomeria R. Br.
24b. Pollinia 2-6; sepals and petals usually very different 25
25a. Pollinia 6; column with prominent side arms Brachionidium Lindl.
25b. Pollinia 2-4; column without side arms 26
26a. Column very short and stout, with widely separated receptive stigmas . . 27
26b. Column more or less elongate, with approximate or confluent stigmas . . 28
27a. Sheaths of the stem dilated above, with a hispid marginate mouth; petals
and lip membranaceous Lepanthopsis (Cogn.) Ames
27b. Sheaths of the stem not markedly dilated above, with a smooth, non-
marginate mouth; petals and lip generally very fleshy above or below.
Stelis Sw.
28a. Lip distinctly adnate to the lower or middle part of the footless column.
Lepanthes Sw.
28b. Lip free from the column or at most adnate to its very base; column
usually with a foot 29
29a. Dorsal sepal free (very rarely shortly adnate to the lateral sepals).
Pleurothallis R. Br. (including Barbosella Schltr., in part)
29b. All of the sepals more or less connate 30
10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
30a. Sepals cohering at the base and apex, leaving two lateral openings.
Cryptophoranthus Barb. Rodr.
30b. Sepals free at the apex 31
31a. Flower tubular, with three short, broad, free apices. . . Physosiphon Lindl.
31b. Flower tubular or cup-shaped at the base, with the three sepals produced
into narrow, usually elongate, caudate appendages.
Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. (including Barbosella Schltr., in part)
32a. Pollinia without any appendage, i.e., with neither caudicle nor viscid
disc 33
32b. Pollinia with an appendage, sometimes provided with a rudimentary
viscid disc, sometimes with a caudicle; leaves duplicative 35
33a. Leaves flat, jointed to the leaf-sheaths; flowers subfleshy in texture, with
the sepals and petals subequally broad; stem elongate, decumbent, not
bulbous-thickened below Vargasielleae
Vargasiella C. Schweinf.
33b. Leaves flat or equitant, if flat not jointed to the leaf-sheaths; flowers
commonly membranaceous, with the sepals distinctly broader than the
petals; stem usually short, often bulbous-thickened near the base.
Liparideae .... 34
34a. Column very short; anther erect . Malaxis Sw. (including Microstylis Nutt.)
34b. Column relatively elongate, more or less incurved above; anther incumbent.
Liparis L. C. Rich.
35a. Column entirely footless; flowers minute to very large and showy.
Laelieae. . . .36
35b. Column produced into a distinct (though often short) foot 43
36a. Pollinia 4 37
36b. Pollinia 8 42
37a. Lip adnate to the column or to the margins of the column, forming a
saccate or cup-like base 38
37b. Lip adnate to the column, but not forming a saccate or cup-like base .... 40
38a. Stems superposed, i.e., each young growth at the tip of the older, 1- or
2-leaved at the apex Hexisea Lindl.
38b. Stems not superposed, with each young growth at the base of the older,
several- to many-leaved 39
39a. Inflorescence an erect, many-flowered, divaricate panicle (rarely a raceme) ;
lip divided to the base into three narrow lobes; flowers very small.
Amblostoma Scheidw.
39b. Inflorescence a nodding, few- to several-flowered raceme; lip not divided
to the base into three narrow lobes.
Diothonea Lindl. (including Hemiscleria Lindl.)
40a. Cells of the anther divided by a transverse or oblique septum; pollinia
in two series, not compressed Lanium Lindl.
40b. Cells of the anther not divided by a transverse or oblique septum; pollinia
in one series, laterally compressed 41
41a. Lip more or less grown to the column (i.e., the claw of the lip more or less
adnate to the column); lamina of the lip mostly wide-spreading; flowers
very small to medium-sized Epidendrum L.
(including Encyclia Hook, and Hormidium Lindl. ex Heyn.)
41b. Lip merely adnate to the base of the column, mostly surrounding the
column below; flowers usually large and showy Cattleya Lindl.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 11
42a. Base of the lip gradually passing into the lamina; pollinia equal.
Laelia Lindl. (including Schomburgkia Lindl.)
42b. Base of the lip relatively narrow and claw-like, lip abruptly dilated above;
pollinia in two unequal series Brassavola R. Br.
43a. Lip elongate, sigmoid-flexed; stems slender, many-leaved. .Isochilus R. Br.
43b. Lip not sigmoid-flexed; stems commonly more or less robust, often few-
leaved 44
44a. Pollinia unequal, two large and two small; inflorescences many-flowered,
terminal, racemose or paniculate; stem robust Orleanesia Barb. Rodr.
44b. Pollinia equal 45
45a. Stems elongate, many-leaved with alternate blades; column short; pollinia
laterally compressed Ponera Lindl.
45b. Stems consisting of superposed members which are commonly 2-leaved
at the summit; column usually elongate; pollinia not compressed.
Scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl.
46a. Lip spurred at the base; column rather long, footless; men turn absent.
Galeandra Lindl.
46b. Lip not spurred at the base; column very short, produced into a more or
less distinct foot Polystachya Hook.
47a. Plants forming a sympodium, i.e., with stems (separate or superposed)
terminated by the apical leaves Subseries Sympodiales .... 48
47b. Plants forming a monopodium, i.e., with an infinite growth at the apex;
inflorescences axillary Subseries Monopodiales . . . . 117
48a. Pollinia without a stipe; viscid disc commonly rudimentary or none. . . .49
48b. Pollinia provided with a distinct stipe, even if short; viscid disc dis-
tinct 52
49a. Rhizome abbreviated, bulbose and corm-like Bletia R. Br.
49b. Rhizome more or less elongate, with approximate or remote pseudo-
bulbs 50
50a. Pseudobulbs with several internodes, fusiform and 1- to several-leaved;
leaves rather membranaceous Chysis Lindl.
50b. Pseudobulbs with a single internode, 1- (or rarely 2-) leaved at the summit;
leaves coriaceous or fleshy 51
51a. Lip fleshy, very mobile; column with 2 wings or arms above, produced
into a distinct foot below Bulbophyllum Thou.
51b. Lip membranaceous, rigidly attached to the base of the column; column
without pronounced wings above, footless below. . . .Buesiella C. Schweinf.
52a. Pollinia waxy in texture, i.e., rather easily compressed 53
52b. Pollinia cartilaginous in texture, i.e., compressed with difficulty 57
53a. Pseudobulbs with a single internode, i.e., heteroblastic; lip spurred.
Eulophidium Pfitz.
53b. Pseudobulbs or stems with several internodes, i.e., homoblastic, usually
several-leaved 54
54a. Lip spurred or with a saccate base Eulophia R. Br.
54b. Lip spurless and without a saccate base 55
55a. Leaves usually two and subopposite (rarely solitary); lip always simple,
acute or obtuse; disc without any fleshy keels or calli Govenia Lindl.
55b. Leaves several; lip more or less 3-lobed, or bilobed in front; disc of the lip
with fleshy keels or calli 56
12 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
56a. Flowers large, fleshy; lateral sepals adnate to the column-foot by a broad
base; lip simple or lightly 3-lobed, retuse to bilobed in front; disc of the lip
with several narrow, approximate keels Warrea Lindl.
56b. Flowers relatively small, with membranaceous sepals; lateral sepals only
slightly adnate to the column-foot by a narrow base; lip sharply 3-lobed;
disc of the lip with a broad callus and often supplementary warts.
Cyrtopodium R. Br.
57a. Leaves convolute 58
57b. Leaves conduplicate1 or equitant 80
58a. Pseudobulbs large, consisting of several members or internodes, i.e.,
homoblastic 59
58b. Pseudobulbs short, consisting of one member, i.e., heteroblastic 61
59a. Column twisted; flowers hermaphrodite or perfect Mormodes Lindl.
59b. Column straight, not twisted; flowers very often unisexual, dimorphic or
rarely trimorphic 60
60a. Column of male flowers very long and slender, strongly arcuate, without
antennae; pollinia 2 Cycnoches Lindl.
60b. Column of male flowers short to rather long, stout, suberect, very often
bearing a pair of antennae; pollinia 4 Catasetum L. C. Rich.
61a. Lip continuous with the base of the column, without articulation to it . . 62
61b. Lip articulated to the tip of the column-foot 72
62a. Lip turned upward with relation to the axis of the inflorescence 63
62b. Lip turned downward with relation to the axis of the inflorescence .... 64
63a. Dorsal sepal and petals about equally long, not strongly adnate to the
column above the base Lueddemannia Reichb. f .
63b. Dorsal sepal much larger than the petals; both organs commonly strongly
adnate to the column above the base Gongora Ruiz & Pav.
64a. Perianth segments more or less converging or connivent, sepals and petals
rather similar 65
64b. Perianth segments widely spreading or reflexed 68
65a. All three sepals grown together at the base; lateral lobes of the lip (if lip is
3-lobed) much surpassing the middle lobe Lycomormium Reichb. f.
65b. Dorsal sepal free; lateral lobes of the lip (if present) not surpassing the
middle lobe 66
66a. Lip with a prominent, relatively narrow claw at the base; disc of the lip,
between the lateral lobes, with a conspicuous subquadrate or triangular-
ovate callus Acineta Lindl.
66b. Lip very shortly clawed or sessile at the base 67
67a. Column short, stout, produced into a foot; lip biauriculate at the base,
terminal lobe jointed Peristeria Hook.
67b. Column elongate, slender, footless; lip not auriculate at the base, terminal
lobe (if present) rigidly attached Sievekingia Reichb. f .
68a. Lateral sepals much larger than the dorsal sepal and petals, strongly
oblique; terminal lobe of the lip large and strongly galeate.
Coryanthes Hook.
1 Frequently, as in the following groups, it is difficult to determine whether
a leaf is convolute or conduplicate, but the ancipitous leaf-sheaths in the dried
specimen and the distinctly folded or V-shaped appearance of the leaf in the
living plant indicate that the leaf is conduplicate.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 13
68b. Sepals, and often petals, rather similar; mid-lobe of the lip not galeate. .69
69a. Lip sharply divided into a lower portion or hypochile and an anterior
portion or epichile, or if not so divided the whole lip strongly calceiform. .70
69b. Lip not sharply divided into a hypochile and epichile. . . .Eriopsis1 Lindl.
70a. Hypochile of the lip deeply concave or saccate . . Stanhopea Frost ex Hook.
70b. Hypochile of the lip not deeply concave or saccate 71
71a. Column relatively stout; hypochile of the lip with a pair of retro rse or
widely spreading horn-like appendages, or oblong or oblong-obovate lobes.
Houlletia Brongn.
71b. Column filiform ; hypochile of the lip without a pair of horn-like appendages
or oblong to obovate lobes, these lobes (if present) narrowly lanceolate to
obliquely oblong-ovate or triangular Polycycnis Reichb. f.
72a. Inflorescences truly basal, i.e., rising close to the base of the pseudobulb;
lip commonly with a depressed, longitudinal callus 73
72b. Inflorescence near the base, i.e., rising from the axils of the lower (some-
times leaf -bearing) sheaths; lip with a transverse callus or flabellate
crest 77
73a. Column-foot short Eriopsis Lindl.
73b. Column-foot usually well developed 74
74a. Pollinia attached to 2 very short or elongate, separate stipes; column-foot
elongate Bifrenaria Lindl.
74b. Pollinia attached to one common stipe 75
75a. Inflorescence several- to many-flowered, racemose; flowers small.
Xylobium Lindl.
75b. Inflorescence 1-flowered; flowers commonly large to very large 76
76a. Parts of the perianth connivent into a subglobular form.
Anguloa Ruiz & Pav.
76b. Parts of the perianth (especially the sepals) spreading Lycaste Lindl.
77a. Column-foot relatively elongate; petals long-decurrent on the foot.
Batemannia Lindl.
77b. Column footless or produced into a short foot; petals not long-decurrent
at the base 78
78a. Rhizome elongate; pseudobulbs distant Aganisia Lindl.
78b. Rhizome more or less abbreviated; pseudobulbs (if present) commonly
approximate 79
79a. Lip with a bilobed, retrorse callus; claw of the lip usually prominent and
abrupt Koellensteinia Reichb. f .
79b. Lip with a simple or variously lobed and plurisulcate callus; lip sessile or
gradually passing into a claw below Zygopetalum Hook.
(including Warscewiczella Reichb. f.
80a. Rostellum not produced; column commonly extended into a foot and
forming a mentum with the base of the lateral sepals 81
80b. Rostellum markedly produced, often triangular-lanceolate to subulate
or bifid 87
1 Since it is not clear whether the lip is continuous with the tip of the column-
foot, as assumed by Schlechter, or is adherent by an articulation, as considered
by Cogniaux and Pfitzer, this genus is entered on both branches of the key.
14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
81a. Callus of the lip transverse; pseudobulbs much reduced or rudimentary,
commonly apparently non-existent; lip saccate Stenia Lindl.
81b. Callus of the lip, if present, commonly longitudinal; pseudobulbs usually
well developed; stems rarely elongate, many-leaved, and often lacking
pseudobulbs 82
82a. Sepals with the lower portion connivent into an abrupt top-shaped tube,
or the lateral sepals connate into a narrowly cylindric spur 83
82b. Sepals not connivent or connate below, more or less spreading from the
base 84
83a. Lateral sepals and lip produced into an elongate spur, that of the lip
enclosed by the spur of the lateral sepals; pollinia 2 ... Cryptocentrum Benth.
83b. Lateral sepals and lip spurless; pollinia 4 Trigonidium Lindl.
84a. Column with a distinct foot, more or less movably joined with the lip or
continuous with the lip Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav.
(including Camaridium Lindl. and Ornithidium Salisb.)
84b. Column without a distinct foot 85
85a. Sepals and petals similar 86
85b. Sepals and petals very different, sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate and petals
much smaller and linear; lip without any callus Cyrtoglottis Schltr.
86a. Plants medium-sized to large, simple; leaves lorate to elliptic-oblong; lip
with a prominent callus Mormolyca Fenzl
86b. Plants small to minute, much branched; leaves filiform, pine-like; lip
ecallose Pityphyllum Schltr.
87a. Stigma excavated, parallel to the axis of the column 88
87b. Stigma protuberant, cushion-like, commonly horizontal, often setose;
petals and lip often with prominent veining; column very short and
stout 115
88a. Anther incumbent; rostellum porrect or deflexed (cf. Macradenia R. Br.
and Cryptarrhena R. Br. on other branch, 88b) 89
88b. Anther erect, on the back of the column or at its very apex beneath the
cucullate clinandrium 113
89a. Column produced into a distinct, though short, foot 90
89b. Column always footless or nearly so 91
90a. Lip provided with a large, transverse, plurisulcate crest; anther 2-celled.
Zygopetalum Hook, (including Warscewiczella Reichb. f.)
90b. Lip not provided with a large transverse, plurisulcate crest but with a flat
or depressed, apically bidentate or tridentate callus; anther 1-celled.
Chondrorhyncha Lindl.
91a. Flower distinctly spurred or saccate at the base, either the lateral sepals
saccate below or the lip produced into one or two distinct spurs 92
91b. Flower not spurred or saccate at the base, neither the lateral sepals nor the
lip produced below 99
92a. Lip not spurred; lateral sepals saccate at the base 93
92b. Lip produced into one or two spurs 94
93a. Leaves elliptic or oval; lip subequaling the sepals, rounded at the apex;
column relatively elongate, with two falcate arms Sutrina Lindl .
93b. Leaves linear-oblong or narrower; lip more or less exceeding the sepals
(commonly much so), bilobed at the apex; column very short, without
arms lonopsis Kunth
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 15
94a. Lip with a single spur; lateral sepals not truly spurred, though sometimes
concave below 95
94b. Lip with a double spur enclosed by the spur formed by the connate lateral
sepals 96
95a. Lateral sepals deeply connate; spur (in the Peruvian species) solid; in-
florescences several- to many-flowered Rodriguezia Ruiz & Pav.
95b. Lateral sepals free; spur hollow; inflorescences 1- to rarely 5-flowered.
Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.
96a. Spur formed by the lateral sepals elongate and slender, many (5 or more)
times longer than broad 97
96b. Spur formed by the lateral sepals short and stout, not many times longer
than broad 98
97a. Lip much surpassing the sepals; mid-lobe very broad, emarginate; in-
florescence simple or slightly branched Comparettia Poepp. & Endl.
97b. Lip subequaling the sepals; mid-lobe not broad, rounded to acute; in-
florescence loosely and divaricately panicled. . .Diadenium Poepp. & Endl.
98a. Leaves narrowly linear or linear, fleshy-thickened; lip with a pair of broad,
spreading plates extending through the lower half; spurs of the lip relatively
long, curved and capitate Neokoehleria Schltr.
98b. Leaves oblong to elliptic; lip without a pair of broad plates below; spurs of
the lip short (commonly), straight, not capitate Scelochilus Kl.
99a. Pollinia 2 100
99b. Pollinia 4; rostellum and anther produced into a long beak; leaves equi-
tant 112
lOOa. Clinandrium low, lightly excavated, not hyaline-margined, with the
margin entire; column near the stigma wingless; low plants with equitant
leaves and minute, congested flowers Trizeuxis Lindl.
lOOb. Clinandrium with a high margin surrounding the anther, or the column
provided near the stigma (except in Brassia and most of Sigmatostalix)
with more or less prominent spreading wings or arms 101
lOla. Leaves jointed at the base 102
lOlb. Leaves unjointed; stems elongate, densely covered by numerous equitant
leaves; inflorescences lateral, commonly short Lockhartia Hook.
102a. Lip clasping the column at the base and shortly adnate to it below;
margins of the clinandrium denticulate to lacerate.
Trichopilia Lindl. (including Leucohyle Kl.)
102b. Lip not clasping the column, though sometimes adnate to it below. . .103
103a. Stigmas or stigmatic cavities 2, distinct, situated near together.
Cochlioda Lindl.
103b. Stigmas or stigmatic cavities solitary 104
104a. Lip with the basal portion erect and parallel to the column, anterior
portion reflexed-spreading 105
104b. Lip spreading from the base of the column 106
105a. Lower half of the lip adnate to the column; petals adnate to the lower part
of the column Symphyglossum Schltr.
105b. Lower portion of lip at most slightly adnate to the column at the base;
petals free Odontoglossum HBK.
106a. Sepals and petals long-acuminate, usually caudate; lip commonly simple,
often pandurate Brassia Lindl.
16 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
106b. Sepals and petals not long-acuminate or caudate (except in the Brazilian
Oncidium phymatochilum Lindl.) 107
107a. Lip not narrowly clawed or having a conspicuous, abruptly narrowed basal
portion 108
107b. Lip truly clawed or having a conspicuous, abruptly narrowed basal
portion 110
108a. Column short and usually stout, prominently 2-winged or auricled
above 109
108b. Column more or less elongated and slender, commonly not 2-winged above.
Sigmatostalix Reichb. f.
109a. Lip relatively large, simple, pandurate or prominently bilobed in front;
disc naked or lightly lamellate at the base Miltonia Lindl.
109b. Lip commonly not large in relation to the other segments, usually 3- or
more-lobed; disc prominently crested or tuberculate at the base.
Oncidium Sw.
HOa. Column slender and elongated, commonly strongly arcuate.
Sigmatostalix Reichb. f.
HOb. Column short (or very short) and stout, straight Ill
Ilia. Inflorescence racemose; floral segments widely spreading; petals similar
to the sepals Solenidium Lindl.
lllb. Inflorescence paniculate (very rarely racemose); floral segments cam-
panulate-connivent; petals markedly wider than the dorsal sepal.
Neodryas Reichb. f.
112a. Petals closely similar to the sepals, lanceolate-linear; column well-de-
veloped, with a pair of conspicuous wings at the base.
Hofmeisterella Reichb. f.
112b. Petals usually very different from the sepals, commonly obovate to
flabellate or suborbicular and larger than the sepals; column minute,
wingless Ornithocephalus Hook.
113a. Lip simple, triangular or hastate; anther erect, on the back of the column.
Notylia Lindl.
113b. Lip sharply 3- or more-lobed 114
114a. Plants with pseudobulbs; mid-lobe of the lip simple, narrow, lanceolate
or linear Macradenia R. Br.
114b. Plants without pseudobulbs; mid-lobe of the lip 2- or more-lobed, broad.
Cryptarrhena R. Br.
115a. Pseudobulbs present, though often concealed by the surrounding leaves;
lip almost always 3-lobed or with retrorse linear or oblong auricles.
Trichoceros HBK.
115b. Pseudobulbs absent 116
116a. Flowers minute; lip 3-lobed, with small retrorse lateral lobes; petals much
narrower than the sepals Stellilabium Schltr.
116b. Flowers medium-sized to large; lip always simple; petals commonly much
broader than the sepals Telipogon HBK.
117a. Lip without any spur 118
117b. Lip prominently spurred; clinandrium low, not enlarged or petaloid.
Campylocentrum Benth.
118a. Pollinia 4; inflorescences always 1-flowered; column with a short or very
short foot; clinandrium not enlarged or petaloid Dichaea Lindl.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 17
118b. Pollinia 2 (each one sometimes deeply divided); column footless; clin-
andrium very large, petaloid, cucullate, altogether surrounding the
anther 119
119a. Stipe of the pollinia unparted; inflorescence racemose, few-flowered
(rarely 1-flowered); flowers commonly very small . . . . Pachyphyllum HBK.
119b. Stipe of the pollinia more or less deeply 2-parted; inflorescences usually
1-flowered; flowers medium-sized to relatively large . . Centropetalum Lindl.
(including Nasonia Lindl. & Fernandezia Ruiz & Pav., in part)
PHRAGMIPEDIUM Rolfe
A member of the Cypripedium tribe, widely spread in the
tropical regions of Central and South America.
Plants terrestrial or epiphytic. Leaves elongate, not jointed, thick, duplica-
tive. Raceme or panicle terminal, commonly several-flowered. Perianth showy,
deciduous. Lip pouch-shaped. Fertile anthers two. Ovary 3-celled, with axile
placentation.
Al. Petals very elongate, 20 to about 75 cm. long; scape without sheaths.
P. caudatum
A2. Petals up to 15 cm. long; scape (in specimens examined) sheathed at the
base I
la. Horns between the claw and pouch of the lip absent; leaves about 1.3 cm.
or less wide P. caricinum
Ib. Horns between the claw and pouch of the lip present; leaves (in specimens
examined) 2.5 cm. or more wide 1
la. Lip half as long as the lamina of the lateral sepals. .P. Czerwiakowianum
Ib. Lip equaling or little shorter than the lamina of the lateral sepals 2
2a. Margin of the petals strongly crisped -undulate; staminode transversely
reniform-oval, cordate P. Boissierianum
2b. Margin of the petals flat or nearly so, not strongly crisped-undulate ;
staminode transversely elliptic and obscurely 3-lobed P. Hartwegii
Phragmipedium Boissierianum (Reichb. f.) Rolfe, Orch.
Rev. 4: 332. 1896. Cypripedium Boissierianum Reichb. f. Bonpl.
2: 116. 1854. Selenipedium Boissierianum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 116.
1854, and Xen. Orch. 1: 3, 176, t. 62. 1854-56. Cypripedium grandi-
florum Pav. Ms. ex Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 177. 1856. Paphio-
pedilum Boissierianum Pfitz. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894.
Phragmopedilum Boissierianum Pfitz. Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50
(Heft 12): 50. 1903. Phragmopedilum cajamarcae Schltr. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 41. 1921.
Plant caespitose, large and stout, up to 15 dm. tall (P. cajamarcae form).
Leaves 6-8, distichously clustered on lower part of stem, lorate, acute, 50-100 cm.
long, up to 4.5 cm. wide in the middle. Scape about as long as the leaves, with
several (up to 6) distant sheaths below, terminating in a lax, 3- to 15-flowered
raceme. Flowers large, yellow-green commonly reticulated with darker green,
18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
the petals margined with white or brown. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, nar-
rowed to an obtuse apex, undulate on the margin, up to 5.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm.
wide. Lateral sepals connate into an oblong-ovate or subelliptic lamina which is
somewhat shorter but more than twice broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals
widely spreading, lanceolate-linear, much longer than the sepals, much twisted,
with undulate margins, 7 cm. or more long. Lip pendent, obovate-saccate, clawed,
about equaling the lamina of the lateral sepals or a little shorter, with a pair of
conical horns between the claw and the pouch of the lip. Staminode transversely
reniform-oval.
Peru: Near Pillao, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n. — Cajamarca: Valley of
Tabaconas River, 950 meters, Weberbauer 6158 (type of P. caja-
marcae Schltr.). — Huanuco, near Muna, Davis s.n. Cueva Grande,
near Pozuzo, about 1076 meters, on grassy and sparsely bushy, clay
slopes, Macbride 4801. Puente Durand, north of Huanuco, Valley
of Rio Chinchao, 1100 meters, open space in rich black loam near
edge of jungle, Stork & Horton 9437. — Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 119. 1921.— San Martin: Along Rio Huallaga, about
20 km. from Tingo Maria on road to Huanuco, 625-1100 meters,
Allard 21972. Boqueron Pass, 92 km. from Tingo Maria, on high-
way to Pucallpa, at abandoned rock tunnels, about 410 meters,
Allard 21744- Also Ecuador.
Phragmipedium caricinum (Lindl. & Paxt.) Rolfe, Orch.
Rev. 4: 332. 1896. Cypripedium caricinum Lindl. & Paxt. Paxt.
Flow. Gard. 1: sub t. 9. 1850-51; Batem. Bot. Mag. 90: t. 5466.
1864. Selenipedium caricinum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854; Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 12. 1893. Selenipedium Pearcei Reichb.
f. Fl. des Serres 16: t. 1648. 1866. Paphiopedilum caricinum Pfitz.
Engler Bot. Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894. Cypripedium Pearcei Hort. ex
Veitch, Man. Orch. PI. pt. 4: 60. 1889. Phragmopedilum caricinum
Rolfe ex Pfitz. Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 12): 46. 1903.
Rhizome creeping. Plant 30 cm. or more tall. Leaves in clusters of 3-6,
imbricating in basal tufts, narrowly linear and sedge-like, about 28-50 cm. long
and 1.3 cm. or less wide. Scape about equaling the leaves, with scattered sheaths
below, short-pubescent, loosely 3- to 7-flowered above. Sepals and petals pale
green or whitish with green veins and scattered madder spots on lip. Dorsal
sepal lanceolate-ovate to broadly lanceolate, obtuse, about 3-4 cm. long and
1 cm. or less wide. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly oblong-ovate lamina,
slightly shorter but distinctly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals pendent,
lanceolate-linear from a falcate base, twisted, with undulate margins, about
5.5-12.7 cm. long. Lip calceiform or obovoid, about as long as the lamina of the
lateral sepals, without horns between the claw and pouch of the lip.
Loreto: On the Maranon River from Iquitos up to the mouth of
the Santiago River at Pongo de Manseriche, 160 meters, in rain-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 19
forest, Tessmann 4143. Near Tarapoto, on inundated rocks in
streams, Spruce 3955. — Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 119. 1921. — San Martin: Rio Cainarachi, Pongo de Cainarachi,
tributary of Rio Huallaga, about 230 meters, on tree in forest,
Klug 2634- Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, about 260 meters, on rock in
forest, Klug 4099. Also Bolivia (type).
Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindl.) Rolfe, Orch. Rev. 4: 332.
1896. Cypripedium caudatum Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 531. 1840;
Lindl. & Paxt. Paxt. Flow. Gard. 1: t. 9. 1850-51. Selenipedium
caudatum Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854. Paphiopedilum caudatum
Pfitz. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894. Phragmopedilum caudatum
Pfitz. Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 12): 51. 1903. Figure 1.
Plant caespitose. Leaves about 6, distichously clustered at the base of the
stem, broadly lorate, up to about 60 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, coriaceous. Scape
velutinous, naked, more or less surpassing the leaves, very loosely 1- to 4- (6-)
flowered above. Flowers the largest of the genus. Sepals whitish to greenish
yellow. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, narrowed to an obtuse tip, up to 18 cm. long
and 2.8 cm. wide below. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate-lanceolate lamina
which is slightly shorter (rarely longer) but distinctly broader than the dorsal
sepal. Petals pendent, from a falcate-lanceolate base, elongate-linear, 20-75 cm.
long, twisted, mostly purplish brown. Lip calceiform, about 5-6.5 cm. long,
green at the base to purplish brown above, with purple spots on the white infolded
margins.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meters, on
rocks, Vargas 3365. — Huanuco: Mufia, Lobb, Davis. — Junin: Prov.
of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1900 meters, on tree in low forest upon steepest
hill slope, common name "Zapatito," Woytkowski 35351. — Lima,
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 119. 1921.— Puno: Prov. of
Sandia, 2-6 km. from Oconeque, 1800-2100 meters, on trail, in both
shaded and open places, on granite mountain-side, in much fog and
rain, Metcalf 30633. Also Mexico to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela,
and Ecuador.
Phragmipedium Czerwiakowianum (Reichb. f.) Rolfe, Orch.
Rev. 4: 332. 1896. Selenipedium Czerwiakowianum Reichb. f. Bonpl.
2: 116. 1854. Paphiopedilum Czerwiakowianum Pfitz. Engler Bot.
Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894. Cypripedium Czerwiakowianum Kranzl. Orch.
Gen. et Sp. 1: 49. 1897. Phragmopedilum Czerwiakowianum Rolfe
ex Pfitz. Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 12) : 50. 1903.
Plant apparently large, described only from the rachis of the inflorescence
and one or two flowers. Portion of the rachis present about 23 cm. tall, apparently
FIG. 1. Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindl.) Rolfe. Flowering plant; about
X M- Drawn by D. E. Tibbitts.
20
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 21
loosely 3-flowered. Flower rather large, greenish yellow. Dorsal sepal ovate-
oblong ("oblongo ligulatum"), undulate on the margin, about 5.5 cm. long and
1.6 cm. wide. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate lamina which is about as long
as the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals decurved-spreading, linear-lanceo-
late, with the lower three fourths strongly undulate on the margins, about 10 cm.
long. Lip obovate-calceiform, clawed, about half as long as the lamina of the
lateral sepals, with a pair of rounded, retuse horns above the claw.
Peru: Habitat not recorded; fide Reichenbach f.
I have examined a record of this concept from the Reichenbach
Herbarium in the Ames Herbarium.
Phragmipedium Hartwegii (Reichb. f.) L. O. Williams, Ann.
Mo. Bot. Gard. 26: 280. 1939. Cypripedium Hartwegii Reichb. f.
Bot. Zeit. 10: 714, 765. 1852. Selenipedium Hartwegii Reichb. f.
Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854, and Xen. Orch. 1: 3, 70, t. 27. 1854. Paphio-
pedilum Hartwegii Pfitz. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 19: 41. 1894. Phragmo-
pedilum Hartwegii Pfitz. Engler Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 12) : 48. 1903.
Plant apparently caespitose, about 60 cm. tall. Leaves broadly lorate,
narrow below, strongly attenuate above, about 60 cm. or more long. Peduncle
60-90 cm. tall, glabrous, with several (4) spathaceous, red-brown sheaths at the
base. Raceme loosely 7- to 9-flowered. Flowers rather large, greenish yellow.
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or "oblong," attenuate above, about 5 cm. long and
1.8 cm. wide, undulate on the margins. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate-
elliptic lamina which is about equally long with the dorsal sepal but nearly twice
as broad, undulate on the margin. Petals pendent, linear-lanceolate, attenuate
above, lightly twisted, obscurely crisped on the margin, about 8.5 cm. long. Lip
obovate-calceiform, clawed, about equaling the lamina of the lateral sepals, with
a pair of retuse, subquadrate lobes or horns above the claw. Staminode trans-
versely elliptic, lightly 3-lobed in front.
Cajamarca: Fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 120. 1921.
Ecuador (type).
HABENARIA Willd.
Terrestrial, erect plants. Stems simple, commonly leafy or leafy-bracted.
Leaves linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate or elliptic (rarely orbicular), not jointed
to the sheath. Racemes terminal, 1- to many-flowered, loose or dense. Flowers
leafy-bracted. Dorsal sepal broad, concave. Lateral sepals usually longer, nar-
rower and more or less reflexed. Petals simple to deeply bilobed or bipartite.
Lip simple or 3-lobed, always provided with a spur which is commonly elongate-
cylindric to clavate. Column short and stout. Stigmatic processes (in tropical
species) usually conspicuous.
A very large, polymorphic and cosmopolitan genus of both
hemispheres, ranging from the subarctic regions to the tropics.
22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Al. Lip simple or with a pair of basal teeth or very short lobes I
A2. Lip deeply 3-lobed or 3-partite, with the lateral lobes commonly half, or
more than half, as long as the mid-lobe 9
la. Ovary with 6 prominent, more or less crisped wings H. hexaptera
Ib. Ovary without prominent crisped wings 1
la. Raceme densely flowered or with the large foliaceous bracts commonly
exceeding the flowers and giving the appearance (at least in the dried
specimen) of a stout rachis 2
Ib. Raceme lax or loosely flowered (rarely subdense in H. re-pens); the usually
spreading floral bracts commonly shorter than the flowers and revealing
the rachis 3
2a. Spur little surpassing the lip H. ligulata
2b. Spur elongate, about three times or more surpassing the lip H. obtusa
3a. Petals simple, subquadrate-oblong, bilobulate at the truncate apex and
fleshy on the anterior half H. floribunda
3b. Petals not subquadrate-oblong 4
4a. Plant dwarf, about 18 cm. high; leaves linear-lanceolate, about 2.5 cm.
long; petals ovate H. linifolia1
4b. Plant tall, 30 cm. or more high; leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, the larger ones 6.4 cm. or more long; petals not
ovate 5
5a. Petals lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sometimes with
a small tooth at the base in front 6
5b. Petals not lanceolate, either simple and rhombic-obovate or deeply bi-
lobed; lip with lateral angles, teeth or divaricate lobules 7
6a. Raceme 10 cm. or more long, many-flowered; sepals prominently sharp-
apiculate; petals merely angled at the base in front H. parvidens
6b. Raceme about 5-6 cm. long, 4- to 8-flowered; sepals obtuse to acute; petals
with a prominent tooth at the base in front H. laxiflora
7a. Petals simple, rhombic to subquadrate-obovate H. autumnalis
7b. Petals conspicuously bilobed, with divaricate lobules 8
8a. Posterior lobe of the petals ligulate H. avicula var. peruviana
8b. Posterior lobe of the petals subquadrate, 3-dentate at the apex.
H. dentifera
9a. Spur abbreviated, about 2.2 mm. long H. parvicalcarata
9b. Spur elongate, linear-cylindric or clavate 10
lOa. Petals entire, ligulate-pandurate; lateral lobes of the lip ligulate-quadrate
or subquadrate and relatively broad H. corydophora
lOb. Petals deeply bilobed; lateral lobes of the lip linear or filiform 11
lla. Anterior division of the petals bifid; lateral lobes of the lip about one half
as long as the mid-lobe H. abortiens
lib. Anterior division of the petals not bifid, linear; lateral lobes of the lip
commonly nearly as long as the mid-lobe or longer 12
12a. Stems and leaf -sheaths more or less conspicuously dark-maculate; leaves
with a prominent, narrow, scarious margin H. monorrhiza
12b. Stems and leaf-sheaths not maculate; leaves without a scarious margin . . 13
1 See note under this species.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 23
Leaves linear, linear-oblong to triangular-lanceolate or narrowly oblong-
lanceolate (commonly with subparallel sides) 14
Leaves ovate to oblong-elliptic (rarely lanceolate) with more or less
rounded sides 19
Flowers relatively large, dorsal sepal about 10 mm. or more long 15
Flowers much smaller, dorsal sepal about 4-7 mm. long 17
Inflorescence few- (1- to very rarely 6-) flowered; stigmatic processes
inconspicuous H. pauciflora
Inflorescence many- (commonly 12- or more-) flowered; stigmatic processes
large and conspicuous 16
Sepals 12 mm. or less long; mid-lobe of the lip markedly surpassing the
lateral lobes H. uncatiloba
Sepals 15 mm. or more long; mid-lobe of the lip shorter than the lateral
lobes H. Sartor
Raceme narrow with appressed flowers, about 1.75 (rarely 3) cm. in
diameter H. repens
Raceme relatively broad with spreading flowers, about 2 (rarely) to 4 cm.
in diameter 18
Spur 1.7 cm. or less long, prominently clavate, rounded at the apex.
H. Paivaeana
Spur 3-4 cm. long, slender and not prominently clavate H. caldensis
Racemes few- (1- to very rarely 6-) flowered H. pauciflora
Racemes commonly many- (9- or more-) flowered 20
Plant dwarf, up to 19 cm. tall (excluding rooting portion); lobes of the
petals parallel to each other or slightly diverging H. pumiloides
Plant 20 (rarely) or more cm. tall; lobes of the petals and of the lip more
or less diverging 21
Anterior lobe of the petals much shorter than the posterior lobe; lateral
lobes of the lip shorter than the mid-lobe H. rupestris
Anterior lobe of the petals about equal to or longer than the posterior
lobe; lateral lobes of the lip about equaling or longer than the mid-lobe . . 22
Leaves prominently 3-nerved; stigmatic processes short and inconspicuous.
H, Paivaeana
Leaves with 5 rather prominent nerves; stigmatic processes lanceolate-
ellipsoid and conspicuous H. Guentheriana
Habenaria abortiens Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 306. 1835.
Stem about 60 cm. high, densely leafy. Leaves lanceolate. Raceme elongate,
many-flowered. Dorsal sepal dwarf, orbicular-ovate. Lateral sepals relatively
large, obliquely semiorbicular, reflexed. Petals very small, divaricately bilobed,
with the broader anterior lobe bifid. Lip tripartite; lateral lobes subulate, about
half as long as the linear mid-lobe, recurved at the tip. Spur narrowly cylindric-
clavate, acute or acuminate, exceeding the lip.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Haenke. — Huanuco, fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 120. 1921.
I have seen only a floral analysis of this species from the Lind-
ley Herbarium.
24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Habenaria autumnalis (as "auctumnalis") Poepp. & Endl.
Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 44, t. 75. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4:
99. 1893.
Plant about 10.5-18 dm. tall. Stems stout, densely leaved. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, up to 20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, sessile, am-
plexicaul, long-acuminate, 5-nerved. Raceme up to 60 cm. long, loosely many-
flowered. Flowers green. Dorsal sepal deeply concave, suborbicular, retuse,
5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals nearly twice as long, very obliquely semiorbicular,
obtuse, reflexed. Petals small, simple, rhombic to subquadrate-obovate, some-
what shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip simple, linear, obtuse, sometimes with
a pair of obtuse angles at the base, a little longer than the lateral sepals, about 10
mm. long. Spur about twice as long as the lip or more, slenderly cylindric or
clavate-cylindric.
Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cassapi (Casapi), in
primeval woods and shaded rocky places, Poeppig s.n. (type).
Near Cuchero (Cochero), in shady woods, Poeppig 1072. — Junin:
Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, in dense forest, Killip &
Smith 25527.
Habenaria avicula Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus. Lean1. Harvard Univ. 9: 45, fig. 4 (p. 51). 1941. Figure 2.
Plant up to 10.5 dm. tall. Stem leafy above; basal portion (up to 32 cm.
long) provided only with tubular sheaths. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate-
ligulate, acute or acuminate, clasping at the narrowed base, up to 12.5 cm. long
and 3.4 cm. wide. Raceme loosely many-flowered, 22 cm. or more long. Flowers
greenish white. Dorsal sepal deeply concave, suborbicular, about 5 mm. long.
Lateral sepals twice as long, very obliquely semiorbicular. Petals small, divari-
cately bilobed, with the posterior lobe linear-ligulate and the anterior lobe nar-
rowly triangular. Lip 3-lobed, up to 11.5 mm. long; lateral lobes reduced to
short, spreading, triangular or linear-triangular teeth; mid-lobe elongate, linear.
Spur more than twice longer than the lip, up to 28.5 mm. long, narrowly clavate-
cylindric.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, about 100 meters, in dense
forest, Killip & Smith 29880 (type). Quistococha, vicinity of
Iquitos, on sandy ground in forest, Asplund 14660.
Habenaria caldensis Kranzl. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 16: 128. 1893;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 70, t. 13, fig. 2. 1893.
Plant up to 10.8 dm. tall. Stem rather slender and loosely several-leaved.
Leaves linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, long-sheathing
below, suberect, up to 15 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Raceme short or rather long,
few- to many-flowered, up to 16.5 cm. long. Flowers green, often with white
petals and lip. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, strongly concave, apiculate, up to
6.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat longer and narrower, falcate, elliptic-
ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals deeply bipartite, with the divisions
FIG. 2. Habenaria parvicalcarata C. Schweinf. 1, flower with pedicellate
ovary, from side; X 6. 2, petal; X 6. H. pumiloides C. Schweinf. 3, petal; X 6.
H. avicula Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf. 4, petal; X 6. H. dentifera C.
Schweinf. 5 and 6, petals from different flowers; X 6.
25
26 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
subparallel; posterior division ovate-oblong; anterior division linear, shorter or
longer than the posterior division. Lip tripartite nearly to the base; lateral lobes
linear, spreading, up to 11 mm. long; mid-lobe a little shorter and almost twice
as broad as the lateral lobes. Spur elongate-cylindric, much exceeding the other
segments, slightly clavate above, 3-4 cm. long. Stigmatic processes short. Ovary
distinctly pedicelled.
Loreto: Iquitos and vicinity, about 100 meters, clearing in woods,
Killip & Smith 27214. Same locality, Williams 1516. Same locality,
120 meters, Williams 3750. Iquitos, among Homolepis aturensis in
pasture, Asplund 14023. Also Brazil (type), British Guiana, and
Venezuela.
Habenaria corydophora Reichb. f. Linnaea 41: 30. 1876.
Plant small, 15-30 cm. high. Stem slender, with 4 to 7 scattering leaves.
Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate ("oblong"), up to 5 cm. long and 1.5 cm.
wide, acute or acuminate. Raceme short, very loosely few- (2-6-) flowered.
Dorsal sepal suborbicular to ovate-oblong, deeply cucullate, about 5 mm. long.
Lateral sepals a little larger, obliquely semiorbicular or triangular-ovate, falcate.
Petals entire, narrow, ligulate-pandurate, slightly oblique. Lip deeply 3-lobed
near or below the middle, about 11 mm. long; lateral lobes obliquely subquadrate,
extrorse to lightly retrorse, more or less crenulate on the outer margins; mid-lobe
lanceolate-linear, porrect. Spur very narrow, clavate-cylindric ("filiform"),
about equaling the lip, but shorter than the pedicellate ovary.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Lobb s.n. (type). — Cuzco: Prov. of
Convention, "Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc," 2200 meters, in
forest humus, flowers white, Vargas 2562. Also (from drawing of
the type in the Reichenbach Herbarium at Vienna) "Sandillari,
7-8000', white, G. Pearce."
Habenaria dentifera C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 46, figs. 5, 6 (p. 51). 1941. Figure 2.
Plant tall, 79 cm. or more high. Stem leafy except in the basal portion which is
provided with 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
up to 21.5 cm. long and 5.3 cm. wide, acuminate, clasping below. Raceme very
loosely many-flowered, up to 38 cm. long. Dorsal sepal relatively small, strongly
cucullate, suborbicular, obtuse, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals larger, about
8.5 mm. long, semiorbicular, falcate, obtuse, reflexed. Petals deeply bilobed;
posterior lobe subquadrate, unequally 3-toothed at the slightly dilated apex;
anterior lobe smaller, at right angles to the posterior lobe, triangular-ovate to
lanceolate. Lip linear, 3-lobed (rarely merely angled) at the base, fleshy; lateral
lobes minute, dentiform, reflexed, sometimes uncinate; mid-lobe many times
larger, up to 11.5 mm. long, rounded at the apex. Spur very slenderly cylindric,
up to 3.1 cm. long.
Junin: East of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1300 meters,
in dense forest, flowers light green, Killip & Smith 23841 (type).
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 27
— Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 1217
(immature). Quistococha, at edge of forest, Asplund 14169. — San
Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in moun-
tain forest, flowers yellow-green, Klug 8691 .
Habenaria floribunda Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 316. 1835.
Vegetative parts lacking. Raceme very long, more than 30 cm. in length,
lax. Dorsal sepal round-ovate, strongly concave, abruptly acute. Lateral sepals
somewhat longer, falcately ovate-oblong, spreading. Petals simple, subquadrate-
oblong, unequally bilobed at the truncate apex, fleshy on the anterior half. Lip
simple, linear, subacute. Spur linear-clavate, somewhat exceeding the lip, equaling
the ovary.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Haenke s.n.
Description largely taken from a floral analysis in the Lindley
Herbarium.
Habenaria Guentheriana Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 25: 18. 1928.
Plant 30 to over 70 cm. tall. Stem leafy. Leaves elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate (sometimes oblanceolate or obovate), acute or acuminate,
up to 14 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, decreasing in size above and below, 5-nerved.
Raceme rather loosely many-flowered, 8-30 cm. long, sometimes nodding at
the apex. Dorsal sepal very broadly ovate or suborbicular, deeply cucullate,
about 5 mm. long and nearly as wide, rounded and sometimes slightly retuse-
apiculate at the apex. Lateral sepals somewhat longer, about 7 mm. long, obliquely
semiorbicular. Petals bipartite; posterior lobe linear, recurved, almost equaling
the dorsal sepal; anterior lobe narrowly linear, much longer than the posterior
lobe. Lip tripartite; lateral lobes linear, spreading or incurved, 9-11.5 mm. long;
mid-lobe similar, slightly broader and shorter than the lateral lobes. Spur slenderly
fusiform-clavate, about equaling the pedicellate ovary. Stigmatic processes long,
decurved.
Cuzco: "Mercedes," 900 meters, Bues s.n. Quillabamba, Sou-
kup 141. Prov. of Convencion, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc,
2200 meters, on open grass slope, perianth yellow-greenish, Vargas
2541. Also Bolivia (type).
The Peruvian collections cited above consist of three specimens
which are considerably lower plants than the type, but have some-
times slightly longer leaves which are frequently somewhat oblanceo-
late or obovate in outline. The racemes are also shorter and fewer-
flowered than typical.
Habenaria hexaptera Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 316. 1835; Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 101, t. 14, fig. 2. 1893.
Plant up to 80 cm. high. Stem leafy except near the sheathed base. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-12 cm. long, up to 3.5 cm. wide, acute or
acuminate. Raceme elongate, up to 20 cm. long, rather loosely many-flowered.
28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Flowers greenish. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or suborbicular, obtuse and apiculate,
7-8 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer and much narrower, obliquely ovate-
lanceolate, acute and apiculate. Petals simple, linear-oblong or oblong-ligulate,
obtuse or subacute, bluntly angled at the base in front. Lip linear or linear-
ligulate, 6-8 mm. long, at the base on each side very shortly and acutely dentate.
Spur cylindric-clavate, up to 11 mm. long, more or less surpassing the lip. Ovary
with 6 undulate or serrulate, membranaceous wings.
Puno (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 120.
1921. Also Brazil (type) and Colombia.
Habenaria laxiflora Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 46,
t. 78, figs. a-d. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 36. 1893.
Stem up to 35 cm. high, sparingly leafy throughout. Leaves elongate-
lanceolate, acuminate, sheathing below, 6.4-9 cm. long, up to 10 mm. wide,
gradually diminishing upwards into bracts. Raceme 5-6 cm. long, loosely 4- to
8-flowered. Flowers rather large. Sepals green. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate,
obtuse, about 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals apparently a little longer and nar-
rower, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, reflexed, about 15 mm. long. Petals yellow,
bipartite; posterior division lanceolate, acute; anterior division much smaller,
reduced to a triangular tooth. Lip yellow, tripartite above the base, up to 24 mm.
long; lateral lobes short, linear, subparallel to the mid-lobe; mid-lobe linear, 3 or 4
times as long as the lateral lobes. Spur linear-cylindric, equaling the mid-lobe
of the lip.
Huanuco: On dry rocks near Cassapi (Casapi), fide Poeppig.
No example of this species was available.
Habenaria ligulata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9:47. 1941.
Plant up to 90 cm. tall, from a more or less decumbent base. Stem stout,
leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, acute or short-acuminate,
ascending, more or less imbricating, up to 13 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide, decreasing
above and below. Raceme densely many-flowered, up to 22.7 cm. long and nearly
5 cm. in diameter in the dried specimen. Flowers medium-sized, green. Dorsal
sepal ovate, strongly cucullate, broadly obtuse, 12-14 mm. long. Lateral sepals
oblong-lanceolate, a little longer and much narrower than the dorsal sepal, slightly
oblique, obtuse. Petals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, slightly falcate, acute,
with the anterior half thickened. Lip simple, linear or linear-lanceolate, about
15 mm. long, obtuse, fleshy. Spur subequaling or slightly exceeding the lip,
slender below, prominently flattened-clavate above. Ovary ribbed, but not
prominently winged.
Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1500
meters, terrestrial on open hillside, Killip & Smith 22341 (type).
— Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata, Sta. Rita, 2500 meters,
on open grassy slope, Vargas 2668 (type). Also Bolivia.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 29
Habenaria linifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 91. 1827.
Plant about 18 cm. high. Stem sheathed. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute,
2.5 cm. long. Raceme about 5 cm. long, loosely about 18-flowered. Sepals [and
petals] ovate, suboblique, obtuse, about 7 mm. long. Lip linear-oblong from a
broader base, obtuse, produced into an angle on each side at the base. Spur
linear [filiform], curved, as long as the* ovary.
Peru: Near Huanocco (Huanuco), fide Presl.
This diagnosis was compiled from the type description.
After this manuscript had been prepared, the type specimen of
this concept became available, and, while notably incomplete, the
flower proved to be referable to the widespread North American
Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. For a discussion of this matter
see C. Schweinfurth, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 17: 211. 1956.
Habenaria monorrhiza (Sw.) Reichb. f. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ge-
sell. 3: 274. 1885. Orchis setacea Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 28. 1760,
not Habenaria setacea Lindl. Orchis monorrhiza Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind.
Occ. 118. 1788, in part. Habenaria speciosa Poepp. & Endl. Nov.
Gen. ac Sp. 1: 44, t. 76. 1836. Habenaria maculosa Lindl. Gen. &
Sp. Orch. 309. 1835.
Plant very variable, up to 12 dm. tall. Stem leafy, together with the leaf-
sheaths more or less distinctly dark-maculate. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, elliptic-
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with a narrow scarious
margin, up to 13.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Raceme more or less elongate (up to
22 cm. tall), dense, commonly many-flowered (rarely few-flowered). Flowers
white or cream and white, variable in size. Dorsal sepal ovate or suborbicular-
ovate, deeply concave, 5-13.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequally long or a little
longer, obliquely ovate or oblong-ovate. Petals deeply bipartite; posterior division
ovate-oblong, elliptic-oblong or ligulate; anterior division linear, equaling or
shorter (very rarely longer) than the posterior division. Lip deeply tripartite;
lateral divisions filiform, spreading or retrorse, subequal to or longer than the
middle division; middle division linear, about 16 mm. or less long. Spur slenderly
cylindric, slightly broader above, about 2-3 times longer than the lip.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, in open woods, Killip & Smith 22557. — Cuzco: Prov. of
Quispicanchis, Chaupichaca, Marcapata Valley, 1800 meters,
"mixed formation consisting of shrubwoods and grass steppe,"
A. Weberbauer 7833. Same locality, 2000 meters, "macrothermal
grass steppe," Weberbauer 7833a. Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-
Picchu on rocky slope, 2000-2600 meters, Vargas 188 If. — Huanuco:
Between Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 329,
331.— Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 1257.
La Merced, about 615 meters, on brushy banks, Macbride 5301.
30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Same locality, about 700 meters, in wooded valley, Kittip & Smith
23511, 23701*. Rio Paucartambo Valley, near Perene Bridge, 700
meters, in dense forest, Kittip & Smith 25390. Prov. of Tarma,
Quimiri, near La Merced, 800-900 meters, in evergreen forest, Fer-
reyra 3700. Utcuyacu, 1800 meters, in shady forest, Woytkowski
35365. — San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters,
in mountain forest, King 3608. Also Guatemala to Panama, West
Indies (type), Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador and Bolivia.
Habenaria obtusa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 315. 1835; Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 95, t. 16, fig. 1. 1893.
Plant stout, up to 9 dm. tall. Stem leafy, with leaves soon decreasing in size
above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate (or the lowermost elliptic),
acute or subacute, long-sheathing at the base, up to 13.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide.
Raceme more or less elongate, up to 25 cm. long, loosely or subdensely flowered
(the erect foliaceous floral bracts simulating a stout rachis). Floral bracts large,
ovate-lanceolate, commonly exceeding the flowers. Flowers white or white and
greenish. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or suborbicular, deeply concave, obtuse
(often apiculate), up to 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-ovate to semiorbicular,
strongly oblique, reflexed, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals simple,
falcate-oblong with the anterior margin extended into a minute lobe or tooth
at the base. Lip simple, linear, obscurely angled-dilated at the base on each side,
12-18 mm. long. Spur much longer, slenderly cylindric-clavate, about 4-5 cm.
long.
Cuzco: "Mercedes," 900 meters, Bues 3 (Herb. Field Museum
659983). Also Brazil (type), Surinam, Venezuela and Paraguay.
This stout and variable species probably includes H. Lindenii
Lindl.
Habenaria Paivaeana Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 17. 1878.
Habenaria chloroceras Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 89. 1905.
Plant up to 60 cm. high. Stem very leafy. Leaves elliptic, oblong-lanceolate
or lanceolate-elliptic, up to 17 cm. long and 3.3 cm. wide (the upper and lower
blades much reduced), more or less convolute, acute or acuminate, long-sheathing
at the base, with 3 conspicuous nerves. Raceme more or less elongate, up to 12
cm. long, commonly many-flowered, rather laxly flowered when mature. Dorsal
sepal broadly ovate, acute, concave, 5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals "triangular"
or obliquely semiovate, distinctly longer than the dorsal sepal, conspicuously
apiculate, reflexed. Petals bipartite, with linear-falcate lobes; anterior lobe sub-
equaling or longer than the posterior lobe. Lip deeply tripartite, about 7-13 mm.
long; lobes linear, fleshy, spreading, nearly equal, with the middle division some-
what shorter than the laterals. Spur slender-cylindric below, clavate above,
rounded at the apex, markedly surpassing the lip, 7.5-17 mm. long. Stigmatic
processes rounded, fleshy, not conspicuous.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 31
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3800-3900
meters, on open grassy paramo, Pennell 13888a. Surroundings of
Acomayo, natural fences of Fourcroya, 3050 meters, Vargas 245.
— Huanuco: Ambo, about 2100 meters, on river-canyon slopes, in
yucca hedge, Macbride 3149. — Junin: Mountains east of Palca,
3000-3100 meters, on high grassy plateau with scattering shrubs,
Weberbauer 2424 (type of H. chloroceras). — Puno: Prov. of Caraba-
ya, Ollachea (below), 2500 meters, Vargas 6946. Also Bolivia (type)
and Argentina.
A rigid comparison of the type collections of H. Paivaeana and
H. chloroceras shows that these concepts are synonymous.
Habenaria parvicalcarata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean". Har-
vard Univ. 9: 49, fig. 1 (p. 51). 1941. Figure 2.
Plant small, about 25 cm. high, with a central, tuberous swelling terminating
the base of the stem. Stem leafy, except at the sheathed base. Leaves more or
less strict, lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, loosely
sheathing at the base, up to 7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, much smaller above.
Raceme about 7 cm. long, about 9-flowered, rather dense. Floral bracts relatively
large. Flowers small, green. Dorsal sepal ovate, strongly cucullate, obtuse,
mucronate, about 7.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat larger, obliquely
lanceolate, concave, obtuse, mucronate, spreading. Petals deeply bipartite;
posterior lobe falcate, lanceolate-linear; anterior lobe linear, longer than the
posterior lobe, strongly incurved toward the apex. Lip tripartite with subparallel
lobes; lateral lobes narrowly linear, about 8.2 mm. long; mid-lobe linear, obtuse,
a little shorter than the lateral lobes but about twice as broad. Spur very small,
cylindric, about 2.2 mm. long. Stigmatic processes abbreviated. Ovary slender,
6-sulcate.
Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3800-3900
meters, on open grassy paramo, Pennell 13888.
Habenaria parvidens Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 317. 1835.
Plant about 46 cm. tall. Stem leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate-
lanceolate, channelled, acute or acuminate, long-sheathing below, up to 9.5 cm.
long and 2.2 cm. wide. Raceme more or less elongate, loosely several- to many-
flowered, up to 17 cm. long. Floral bracts commonly shorter than the flowers.
Dorsal sepal ovate, concave, acute, apiculate, about 11 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely oblong-ovate, acuminate, apiculate, reflexed, a little longer and nar-
rower than the dorsal sepal. Petals simple, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate,
falcate, with a blunt angle at the base in front. Lip trilobed at the base, about 13
mm. long; lateral lobes very short, linear or linear-triangular; mid-lobe linear,
many times longer than the lateral lobes. Spur very slenderly clavate-cylindric,
arcuate, distinctly surpassing the lip, about 3-3.5 cm. long.
The description of this species by Cogniaux, in Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 4: 95. 1893, specifies that the lip is not dilated or at most ob-
32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
scurely angled at the base and that the ovary is broadly six-winged
with crisped wings. This characterization, which is at variance with
the material examined, suggests either that Cogniaux confused
H. hexaptera with this species, or that the two concepts are synony-
mous.
It appears that Habenaria hexaptera Lindl., H'. parvidens Lindl.,
and H. ligulata C. Schweinf. form a rather closely allied and con-
fusing group of which the components may, when more material is
available, prove to be conspecific.
Cuzco: Machu-Picchu, in damp thicket, Hunnewell 159^3.—
Huanuco: Near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1885 (type).
Habenaria pauciflora (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 10. 1854;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 37. 1893. Bonatea pauciflora
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 329. 1835. H. setifera Lindl. Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. 4: 381. 1840; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 62. 1893.
Plant slender, very variable, up to 8 dm. high. Stem provided toward the
base with tubular sheaths, loosely few-leaved above. Leaves oblong-lanceolate
(rarely narrowly elliptic) to linear-lanceolate or linear, appressed or erect-spread-
ing, channelled and often conduplicate, frequently incurved, acuminate to long-
attenuate (rarely acute), up to 15 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Raceme very loosely
1- to (very rarely) 6-flowered. Flowers rather large, green, white or cream-colored.
Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, concave, acute, apiculate, about 10-13 mm. long.
Lateral sepals slightly longer, obliquely oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, apicu-
late, reflexed. Petals bipartite; posterior division erect, obliquely oblong-lanceo-
late or ovate-lanceolate (rarely ovate); anterior division linear, falcate, about as
long as, or a little shorter than, the posterior lobe. Lip deeply tripartite, up to
15 mm. long; lobes linear, fleshy, subequal, the lateral lobes diverging and often
recurved. Spur elongate, slender-cylindric below, clavate above, rounded at the
tip, about 2 to 6 times longer than the lip.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Rio Alto, 900 meters, Bues 31 (Herb.
Field Museum 659998) .— Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 120. 1921. — Loreto: Near Tarapoto, on grassy plains,
Spruce 4953. Also Mexico to Panama, Trinidad, Colombia, Vene-
zuela, British Guiana, French Guiana, Brazil (type of Bonatea
pauciflora), and Argentina.
Habenaria pumiloides C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 53, fig. 3 (p. 51). 1941. Figure 2.
Plant low, erect, up to about 19 cm. high, terminating below in a stout tuber-
oid. Stem sheathed at the base, densely leafy above, 4-10 cm. high up to the
raceme. Leaves 3 to 5, mostly imbricating, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-
elliptic, up to 4.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, apparently con-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 33
volute or conduplicate. Raceme 4-10.5 cm. long, few- to several-flowered, densely
flowered above. Flowers yellowish green, small. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, up to
8 mm. long, cucullate, obtuse or acute. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate,
reflexed, obtuse or acute, somewhat longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal.
Petals bipartite; posterior lobe much the larger, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or
acute; anterior lobe shorter to subequally long, linear, incurved and overlapping
the posterior lobe or spreading, obtuse. Lip deeply tripartite, up to 9.5 mm. long;
lateral lobes filiform, shorter than the mid-lobe, obtuse, often slightly incurved
at the apex; mid-lobe linear-ligulate, obtuse, a little longer but much wider than
the lateral lobes. Spur exceeding the lip, about 15 mm. or less long, more or less
clavate.
Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, upper Rio Marino, 3000 meters,
in humus of grassy area between shrubs, Stork, Horton & Vargas
10645. — Cuzco: Ollantaytambo, about 3000 meters, Cook & Gilbert
709 (type).— Junin: Huancayo, 3400-3500 meters, Soukup 2998.
Same locality, about 3317 meters, Soukup 3980.
Habenaria repens Nutt. Gen. N. Am. PI. 2: 190. 1818; Kranzl.
Orch. Gen. et Sp. 1: 317. ?1901; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4:
91. 1893; Correll, Native Orch. N. Am. 103, t. 36. 1950. Platanthera
foliosa Brongn. Duperr. Bot. Voy. Coquille, Phan. 195: t. 38B. 1829.
Habenaria maxillaris Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 5. 1834; Gen. &
Sp. Orch. 310. 1835. Figure 3.
Plant widespread and variable, stout or slender, leafy, 1-90 cm. high. Leaves
linear to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sheathing the stem
below, about 5-24 cm. long, up to 2.6 cm. wide. Raceme more or less densely many-
flowered, about 3.5-28.5 cm. long, rarely up to 3 cm. in diameter. Floral bracts
commonly exceeding the flowers at maturity. Flowers small, greenish. Dorsal
sepal ovate to suborbicular-ovate, apiculate, concave, 3-7 mm. long. Lateral
sepals somewhat longer and narrower, ovate to ovate-oblong. Petals deeply
bipartite; posterior division linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute; anterior
division linear or filiform, about equaling or slightly exceeding the posterior
division. Lip tripartite nearly to the base, strongly reflexed; lateral lobes filiform,
5-11 mm. long; mid-lobe linear to linear-oblong, about 4-7 mm. long. Spur
slender, about as long as the pedicellate ovary.
Peru: Lima (type of H. maxillaris). Near Callao (type of
Platanthera foliosa), fide Brongniart. This concept extends from
North Carolina (U.S.A.), through the West Indies and Central and
South America to Paraguay and Argentina.
Habenaria rupestris Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 45,
t. 78. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 89. 1893.
Plant variable, 30-50 cm. tall. Stem sheathed near the base, distantly leafy
above. Leaves ovate, elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
amplexicaul below, 3-7.5 cm. long, 15-28 mm. wide. Raceme more or less elon-
34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
gate, laxly flowered especially toward the base, 15 cm. or less long. Floral bracts
as long as the ovary or surpassing the flower. Flowers rather numerous, dull
yellow. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, concave, acute, about 10 mm. long. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong-ovate or semiovate, acute, slightly longer and narrower
than the dorsal sepal. Petals bipartite; posterior lobe triangular-lanceolate or
obliquely oblong-ovate, subfalcate; anterior lobe much smaller, linear or linear-
lanceolate, spreading, more or less arcuate. Lip tripartite, up to 20 mm. long;
lateral lobes linear, more or less diverging, about one-half as long as the mid-lobe
or less; mid-lobe ligulate-linear, markedly broader than the lateral lobes. Spur
cylindric-clavate, arcuate, about equaling the mid-lobe of the lip. Anther canals
elongate, ascending.
Huanuco: In rocky woods near Cassapi (Casapi), Poeppig s.n.
(type). Rocky woods near Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1613.—
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 5J$. (This
collection, of two variable plants, differs from the typical form in
having often larger leaves (up to 7.5 cm. long), floral bracts markedly
exceeding the flowers, and more or less longer lateral lobes of the lip.)
Habenaria Sartor Lindl. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2: 662. 1843;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 32, t. 5, fig. 1. 1893. H. dolicho-
sceras Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 153. 1877. H. fastor
Lindl. ex Warm. Vidensk. Meddel. nat. Foren. 90, t. 8, fig. 4. 1884
(Symb. Fl. Bras. pt. 30: 90, t. 8, fig. 4. 1884).
Plant up to 12 dm. tall. Stem stout, leafy from the middle up to the raceme.
Leaves linear-oblong or triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, long-sheathing below,
channelled, erect-spreading, up to 27 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, gradually dimin-
ishing upward into bracts. Raceme more or less elongate, up to 25 cm. long,
subdensely many-flowered. Flowers large, white, greenish white or yellow-green.
Dorsal sepal narrowly ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute, apiculate, strongly concave,
15-20 mm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat longer, obliquely ovate-elliptic or
ovate-oblong, acuminate. Petals deeply bipartite; posterior lobe linear-lanceolate
or linear-oblong, falcate; anterior lobe reflexed or spreading, very narrowly linear,
longer than the posterior lobe. Lip deeply tripartite above the entire base; lateral
lobes filiform and similar to the anterior lobe of the petals, up to 3.2 cm. long;
mid-lobe linear, shorter than the lateral lobes but broader, up to 2 cm. long.
Spur linear-cylindric, pendulous, up to about 12.7 cm. long, much exceeding the
ovary, with the apical part concealed by the foliaceous bracts. Stigmatic processes
very conspicuous.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters,
in mountain forest, Klug 3522. Also Brazil (type) and Dutch
Guiana (Surinam).
Habenaria uncatiloba C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb.
Cie"nc. Exact. Fisic. y Natur. 5, no. 19: 348. 1943.
Plant about 38 cm. high, from a short decumbent base. Stem leafy except at
the sheathed base. Leaves 5 or 6, arcuate-spreading, oblong-lanceolate, con-
FIG. 3. Habenaria repens Nutt. 1, plant; X 1. 2, flower, front view; X 2.
3, petal; X 3. Original drawing by Blanche Ames.
35
36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
duplicate in the dried specimen, acute or acuminate, up to 9 cm. long and 1.8 cm.
wide, sheathing below. Raceme about 11 cm. long, subdensely many- (17-)
flowered. Flowers rather large. Dorsal sepal deeply concave, broadly ovate,
acute, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals reflexed, obliquely ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals bifid; posterior lobe
lightly falcate, triangular-lanceolate; anterior lobe much smaller, uncinate,
triangular-linear. Lip trifid, fleshy, about 12.5 mm. long; lateral lobes narrowly
linear, more or less spreading; mid-lobe much longer and broader, oblong-linear.
Spur very slenderly cylindric, about 2 cm. long, subequaling the plurisulcate
ovary.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, between Tuncapata and Puyupata,
2900-3600 meters, on open grassy slope, Vargas 2705.
CHLORAEA Lindl.
Terrestrial plants mostly confined to Chile and reaching a northern limit in
Peru and Bolivia. Stems simple, leafy or leafy-bracted. Leaves membranaceous,
often withering and destroyed in the course of development. Flowers in terminal
spikes or rarely solitary, medium-sized or large. Sepals and petals free. Lateral
sepals simple, not pinnate nor pectinate at the apex as in Bipinnula. Lip unguicu-
late, not sessile and biglandulose at the base as in Asarca.
Al. Disc of the lip mostly covered by a dense mass of fine papillae arranged
in crowded lines; lip distinctly 3-lobed C. densipapillosa
A2. Disc of the iip not covered by a dense mass of fine papillae I
la. Flowers green or green and white; sepals about 2 cm. or less long; disc of
the lip with numerous, usually clavate, papillae C. reticulata
Ib. Flowers pale yellow or yellow veined with green; sepals 2.5 cm. or more
long 1
la. Lip subsimple or obscurely 3-lobed, disc with a few, broken keels or
falcate, complanate teeth C. peruviana
Ib. Lip sharply 3-lobed, disc with numerous, verrucose, separated lines or
ridges C. multilineolata
Chloraea densipapillosa C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 55, fig., 1941. Figure 4.
Plant robust, up to about 54 cm. tall. Stem stout, terete, leafy, entirely or
mostly concealed by the leaf-sheaths, about 1 cm. in diameter at the base. Leaves
numerous, ovate, elliptic-ovate or lanceolate-elliptic, amplexi caul below, extended
at the base into a closely clasping sheath; lamina up to about 9.4 cm. long and
4.7 cm. wide (often much smaller toward the base of the plant), gradually dimin-
ishing above into strict, foliaceous sheaths, acute or acuminate, membranaceous
in the dried specimen. Inflorescence loose to rather dense, about 19-flowered or
less, up to about 21.5 cm. long and 10 cm. in diameter in the dried specimen.
Flowers medium-sized for the genus, membranaceous in the dried specimen;
perianth segments closely reticulate veined. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate,
acute, up to 2.63 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide below the middle, with 7 main nerves.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 37
Lateral sepals similar but a little larger, oblique, acuminate, with 6 to 8 prominent
nerves near the base. Petals oval, slightly oblique, broadly obtuse or rounded at
the apex, shorter than the dorsal sepal, with 7 prominent nerves. Lip clawed,
distinctly 3-lobed just below the middle, cuneate at the base; claw short and
broad, about 5.6 mm. long, fleshy below, membranaceous above, slightly dilated
and gradually passing into the lamina; lamina ovate-oblong in outline, up to about
2.1 cm. long and 1.1 cm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes small, semi-
obovate, with a rounded apex and irregular, thickened margins; mid-lobe ovate
FIG. 4. Chloraea densipapillosa C. FIG. 5. Chloraea multilineolata C.
Schweinf. Lip, X 2. Schweinf. Lip, X 2.
or oblong-ovate, up to about 1.2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide near the middle, irregu-
larly lobulate-apiculate, with irregularly crenulate and papillose-thickened
margins; the basal and central part of the disc entirely covered by a dense mass of
about 10 lines of crowded, fleshy, pustulose ridges of which the outer one or two
on each side spread onto the lateral lobes; in front the lines of papillae more
separated and diminishing into indistinct papillae near the apex; under surface
of the disc near the apex slightly pustulose. Column more or less broadly winged
on each side, arcuate, dilated above, up to about 1.3 cm. long, with the anterior
basal surface deeply concave.
Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, on hillsides near Tuncapata, 2700
meters, Vargas 754 (type in Gray Herb. no. 7442; fragment of type
in Herb. Ames no. 55411). Prov. of Abancay, upper Marino Valley,
3000 meters, on gravelly soil in open shrubland, Stork, Horton and
Vargas 10636. — Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, environs of Urubamba,
2880 meters, on rocky slopes, Vargas 11086.
Chloraea multilineolata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Har-
vard Univ. 9: 57, fig., 1941. Figure 5.
38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plant stout, lightly flexuous, leafy, exceeding 30 cm. in height (lowermost
portion lacking and upper part of raceme broken and imperfect in our specimen).
Leaves ovate, with sheathing base, gradually diminishing into sheaths above;
lamina membranaceous, up to 6.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, subacute to short-
acuminate, spreading. Raceme about 11-flowered, loose. Flowers large, pale
yellow, with spreading, membranaceous segments which are lightly retinerved.
Dorsal sepal broadly lanceolate, acute, about 2.8 cm. long and 1.25 cm. wide, with
3 longitudinal nerves. Lateral sepals narrowly oblong-lanceolate, oblique, acute,
4-nerved, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblong-oval,
rounded above with a retuse tip, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal, 7-nerved,
adnate to the base of the column. Lip broadly ovate in outline, deeply 3-lobed,
very shortly and broadly clawed, about 2.3 cm. long and 1.94 cm. wide across the
lateral lobes when expanded; lateral lobes semiobcordate with rounded apex, about
1.15 cm. long; mid-lobe suborbicular-ovate, rounded at the apex, with undulate,
irregularly papillose margins, about 1.4 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide; disc sub-
cordate at the base, provided with about 13 approximate, verrucose ridges of
which the lateral ones on each side are sometimes broken into irregular series of
warts. Column slender, about 1.9 cm. long, abruptly dilated at the apex, narrowly
winged on each side with the wing lightly dilated below and forming a concave
base.
Apurimac: Prov. of Grau, Trapiche Canyon, Oropeza Valley,
2500-2800 meters, in stony, clay soil, Vargas 9793 (type in Herb.
Field Museum 1051164).
Chloraea peruviana Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 528. 1906.
Plant about 40-58 cm. high. Stem stout, very leafy. Leaves oval, ovate-
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, approximate or imbricating in
the lower portion, about 7.5-14.5 cm. long and 3-5.6 cm. wide, diminishing into
sheaths above. Spike loose, up to 10-flowered, with the rachis about 20 cm. long.
Flowers rather large, yellow with green veins. Dorsal sepal "ovate" to elliptic-
lanceolate, acute, about 2.5-3 cm. long and 1.1 cm. wide. Lateral sepals oblong-
lanceolate, slightly oblique, about as long as the dorsal sepal and a little wider.
Petals shorter than the sepals, obliquely "oblong" or oblong-elliptic, obtuse. Lip
shortly and narrowly clawed; lamina "ovate" or ovate-oblong, subsimple or
obscurely 3-lobed below the middle, obtuse, 2-2.5 cm. long, about 1.4 cm. wide
below; disc through the central part with a few, short, broken keels or flattened
falcate teeth. Column relatively small, slender, arcuate, dilated at the apex,
about 1.3 cm. long at the back.
Lima: Amancaes Mountains, near Lima, 500 meters, in the Loma
Formation, Weberbauer s.n. (type). Matucana, about 2460 meters,
in the moister swales of eastern hillsides, flowers yellow, Macbride
and Featherstone 372 (this collection is somewhat larger than the
type, both vegetatively and florally).
Chloraea reticulata Schltr. Fedde Repert. 15: 210. 1918;
Hauman, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent. 90: 108, fig. 9a. 1921.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 39
Plant stout, very variable, up to over 84 cm. tall (in Peru). Stem stout,
leafy except at the sheathed base. Leaves oval, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse to acute, clasping below, imbricated to subremote, commonly 6-7 larger
blades, up to 19 cm. long and 6 cm. wide. Racemes loose, 4- to over 20-flowered.
Flowers medium-sized, beautifully reticulated, commonly green and white.
Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, rounded to subacute at the
apex, 1.4-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but more narrowed
above, acute to obtuse, oblique. Petals shorter and broader than the sepals,
oblong-elliptic to oval, broadly rounded to obtuse at the apex. Lip shortly
clawed; lamina from a cuneate base, pandurate-trilobed, 1.3-1.5 cm. long, 7-10
mm. wide across the basal dilation; lateral lobes more or less distinct, short,
semiobovate; mid-lobe oblong-ovate to suborbicular, much thickened toward
the margins, rounded or retuse; disc thickly adorned with clavate or pyriform
papillae which are less numerous and more rounded or absent on the mid-lobe.
Column slender, arcuate, dilated at the apex, about 1.3 cm. long at the back.
Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, below Lares, 2900-3000 meters, in
"shrubwood," Weberbauer 7900. Prov. of Calca, Hda. Paucartica,
3300 meters, on rocky slopes, Vargas 6078. "Valle de Paucar-
tambo," 3400 meters, Herrera 2338a. Urubamba, Soukup 221.
— Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, between Juro and Ackopampa Bridge,
2900-3520 meters, on rocky slopes, Vargas 6862. Also Bolivia and
Argentina (type).
This variable species, heretofore recorded only from north-
western Argentina, occurs in the Department of Cuzco, Peru, about
850 miles northwest of its formerly known stations. It appears to
vary extensively in its vegetative height (about 26-96 cm.), in the
intervals, proportions, and size of the leaves, in the number of flowers,
in the short or elongate inflorescence, in the size and proportions of
the sepals and petals, in the termination of the sepals and petals,
in the proportions of the mid-lobe, and in the occurrence and precise
form of the papillae on the disc of the lip. In particular, the Peru-
vian form is characterized by having the sepals and petals usually
rounded (not subacute to obtuse) at the apex, and in the disc of
the mid-lobe of the lip having rather numerous papillae.
POGONIA Juss. (including Cleistes Lindl.)
Terrestrial, erect plants, varying from small and delicate to large and robust
species, native of temperate to tropical regions. Those of Peru suggest the
liliaceous genus Uvularia L. Roots fleshy, tuberous, or fibrous. Stems mostly
simple and leaf-bearing, rarely branched and provided only with bracts. Leaves
one to several, sessile, clasping. Flowers solitary to several, terminal, or terminal
and axillary, mostly large and showy in tropical species. Sepals free, narrow,
subequal, subparallel. Petals commonly shorter and broader than the sepals.
Lip free, spurless, sessile or contracted into a claw, simple or 3-lobed, mostly
40 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
tubular-concave in natural position; disc usually provided with callose, often
tuberculate, lines or bands. Column more or less elongate; pollinia 2, one in each
cell of the anther, granulose.
Al. Lip simple, oblong-elliptic or elliptic-obovate when expanded .. P. rosea
A2. Lip sharply 3-lobed near the apex, elliptic-ovate or ovate-oblong when
expanded P. Vargasii
Pogonia rosea (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2: 89. 1865; Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 128. 1893. Cleistes rosea Lindl. Gen. &
Sp. Orch. 410. 1840. Pogonia Moritzii Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2: 89.
1865.
Plant large and stout, about 45-150 cm. tall, glaucous. Leaves few to several,
distant, more or less erect, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
clasping below, up to 12 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Flowers 1 to 3, very loose, rose
or purple (rarely white), nodding, large and showy, subtended by a large foliaceous
bract. Sepals similar, linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 4.5-7 cm. long, up to
12 mm. wide, the lateral ones lightly oblique. Petals shorter and broader, ob-
lanceolate or obovate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate. Lip in natural
position tubular-involute, simple, when expanded oblong-elliptic to obovate-
elliptic ("oblong or ligulate-obovate"), more or less acute, 4.5-7 cm. long, up to
2.6 cm. wide; disc with a broad, central, median keel or band which is sulcate
below and divided above into 5 or 6 serrulate or papillose ridges, and with a pair
of obovoid to clavate glands at the base.
Cuzco: Habitat not recorded, 9'00 meters, Bues s.n. (Herb. Field
Museum 660000; the single flower of this collection is so imperfect
that certainty of identification is impossible). — Huanuco: Between
Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), eastern Andes, Kanehira
325. Cogniaux (in Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 129. 1893) cites Peru,
1300-2700 meters, Warscewicz. Also Panama, Colombia, Venezuela,
Trinidad, and British Guiana (type of Cleistes rosea).
Pogonia Vargasii C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15: 1, t. 1. 1951. Figure 6.
Plant strict, more or less slender, about 77 cm. or less tall. Stem up to about
69 cm. tall, with 2 to 4 remote leaves above. Leaves strict, oblong-lanceolate to
linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, clasping at the sessile base, up to 10 cm.
long and 1.3 cm. wide (the uppermost blade). Flowers 1 to 3 (commonly 2),
rather small for the genus, pink, up to 5 cm. apart, subtended by a strict bract
similar to the leaves but shorter and often broader. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-
oblong, acute, 3.6 cm. long, about 8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but a
little smaller, narrowly elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, lightly oblique.
Petals slightly shorter than the sepals but distinctly broader, oblong-elliptic to
narrowly obovate-oblong, subacute. Lip tubular-involute in natural position,
elliptic-ovate or oblong-ovate in outline when expanded, sharply 3-lobed near the
apex, about 3.3 cm. long, up to 1.6 cm. wide; lateral lobes long, terminating in
POGONIA
araasn
FIG. 6. Pogonia Vargasii C. Schweinf. 1, plants; X M- 2, flower from
side, natural position; X %• 3, lateral sepal; X M- 4, dorsal sepal; X %•
5, petal; X %• 6, lip, expanded; X %. 7, column with anther, three-quarters
view; X 1. Drawn by Dorothy H. Marsh.
41
42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
a short, spreading, triangular, subacute apex; mid-lobe relatively small, sub-
orbicular-obovate, rounded or retuse at the apex; disc with a broad, central,
fleshy band which is more or less papillose above, and with a pair of minute glands
at the base.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Sahuayaco-Cascarillayocc, 1700
meters, on grassy slopes, Vargas 6306 (type). Prov. of Urubamba,
Tuncapata, Sta. Rita, on open grassy slopes, 2500 meters, Vargas
2686. — Puno: Prov. of Sandia, Sto. Domingo area, 1550 meters,
flowers rose-red tinged with blue (buds), McCarroll 102.
VANILLA Sw.1
Long, climbing and generally stout plants, leafless or more frequently leafy,
with stems and branches emitting adventitious roots. Leaves remote, linear or
broadly elliptic, sessile or shortly petioled, generally coriaceous or fleshy. Racemes
generally axillary, short, sessile or peduncled. Flowers large and showy; perianth
campanulate. Sepals free, subequal, narrow. Petals more or less similar. Lip
larger than the sepals and petals, with the lower sides adnate to the column.
Al. Leaves obovate or broadly elliptic, rounded at the apex with a short,
broad hook or recurved apicule V. hamata2
A2. Leaves linear, oblong, ovate-oblong or elliptic, narrowed at the tip I
la. Leaf -blades linear to oblong 1
Ib. Leaf-blades broadly oblong to elliptic 2
la. Leaves narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, mature blades 2.8 cm. or more
wide V. Ruiziana2
Ib. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 2.3 cm. or less wide V. odorata2
2a. Lip distinctly 3-lobed; mid-lobe obtuse; disc apparently naked.
V. Weberbaueriana
2b. Lip subentire or obscurely 3-lobed, retuse to bilobed at the apex; disc with
a crest of retrorse appendages V. pompona
Vanilla hamata Kl. Bot. Zeit. 4: 563. 1846; Rolfe, Journ. Linn.
Soc. 32: 462. 1896.
Stem stout, flexuous, with the internodes 10 cm. or more long. Leaves
broadly obovate or round-elliptic, rounded at the apex with an abrupt, broad,
recurved apicule, slightly narrowed at the base, about 15-18 cm. long and 9 cm.
wide, very short-petioled. Racemes short, 9- or more-flowered. Sepals and petals
1 Two species which are natives of British Guiana, V. appendiculaia Rolfe and
V. bicolor Lindl., appear doubtfully to be represented by recent collections from
northeastern Peru (Dept. Loreto), but their imperfect lips make identity uncertain.
Accordingly, they are not included in this flora.
1 V. hamata Kl., V. Ruiziana Kl., and V. odorata Presl were originally de-
scribed from flowerless material; some of the sterile Peruvian collections here
referred to V. odorata appear, in respect to relative proportions, to approach
V. Ruiziana.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 43
oblong-lanceolate, subobtuse, about 7.6 cm. long. Lip subentire, crisped-undulate,
obtuse, about 5 cm. long; disc with 3 nerves crenulate-keeled above, and with
a crest of fringed appendages.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, in open woods, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n.
(in British Museum). — Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 121. 1921.
I have examined records of the type of this concept.
Vanilla odorata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 101. 1827; Ames, Sched.
Orch. 9: 1, t., 1925.
Stem rather slender, distantly leaved. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate with a reflexed tip, coriaceous and fleshy, very shortly petioled, up to
22 cm. long (often much shorter) and 2.3 cm. wide. Racemes very short, densely
several-flowered. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, about 5.2 cm. long and 1.1
cm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, but a little shorter and broader. Petals sub-
equal to the sepals, narrowly lanceolate, obtuse. Lip 4.5 cm. long, adnate to the
column about to the middle; free portion obovate-flabellate, about 2.1 cm. long,
lightly tricarinate with the keels giving rise above to several retrorse, papilliform
emergences, coarsely fimbriate on the anterior margins; disc with a multilamellate
crest beneath the column. Capsules sessile, linear-cylindric, attenuate at the
base and apex.
The following Peruvian collections are sterile (as was the type),
and the leaves are often 10 cm. or less in length; but their identifi-
cation appears to be reasonably certain.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, about 135 meters, in
dense forest, Killip & Smith 29065. Same locality, 155-210 meters,
on edge of forest, Williams 4539. Leticia, on the Amazon River,
Williams 3161.— San Martin: Alto Rio Huallaga, Tarapoto, 360-900
meters, on edge of forest, Williams 6272. Also Bolivia, Ecuador,
and Costa Rica.
Vanilla pompona Schiede, Linnaea 4: 573. 1829; Cogn. Mar-
tius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 147. 1893; Rolfe, Journ. Linn. Soc. 32: 465.
1896. V. grandiflora Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 435. 1840. V. guianen-
sis Splitg. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 15: 279. 1841, in part. V. surina-
mensis Splitg. ex Reichb. f. Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 321. 1858, in
part. V. lutescens Moq.-Tand. ex Dupuis, Rev. Hort. ser. 4, 5: 121,
fig. 24. 1856; Lem. Fl. des Serres 21: 115, t. 2218-19. 1875.
Stem stout. Leaves broadly oblong, oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, very
thick and coriaceous, acute, more or less abruptly contracted and subcordate at
the base, very shortly petioled; blade up to about 30 cm. long and 11.5 cm. wide.
Racemes commonly short, rarely up to 18.5 cm. long, with a stout rachis and
rather crowded flowers. Flowers large, greenish yellow or white (sepals and petals
44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
greenish yellow, lip white or orange-yellow). Sepals oblanceolate, very obtuse,
7-9.5 cm. long, 12-16 mm. wide. Petals similar to the sepals, but a little smaller,
distinctly wing-carinate on the dorsal surface. Lip subequaling or slightly ex-
ceeding the other perianth segments, adnate to the column about to its middle,
subentire or obscurely trilobed, retuse and apiculate, undulate and crenulate on
the margins; disc smooth except for a crest of retrorse, cuneate, imbricated
appendages beneath the upper part of the column. Capsules thick-cylindric,
trigonous.
Loreto: Upper Rio Itaya, San Antonio, Williams 3399. — San
Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in moun-
tain forest, "fls. white," Klug 3685. Also Mexico to Panama, Co-
lombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, British Guiana, French Guiana, Dutch
Guiana (Surinam), Brazil, ?Ecuador and Bolivia.
Vanilla Ruiziana Kl. Bot. Zeit. 4: 563. 1846; Rolfe, Journ.
Linn. Soc. 32: 470. 1896.
Plant described and known only from a sterile specimen. Stem stout, with
internodes up to 12.7 cm. long. Leaves lanceolate-oblong or narrowly elliptic-
oblong, acute or acuminate, cuneate-narrowed at the base, shortly petioled; blade
up to 19.5 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, in open woods, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n.
(type).— Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 121. 1921.
I have examined records of the type of this species.
Vanilla Weberbaueriana Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 395.
1906.
Stem apparently slender, long, flexuous, angled, leafy, with internodes 7-8
cm. long. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, abruptly acute, very shortly petioled,
thinly coriaceous, 15-18 cm. long, 5-6.3 cm. wide. Racemes short, axillary, rather
laxly flowered, 5-6 cm. long. Floral description from a bud. Sepals ligulate,
obtuse, apiculate, granulose on the outer surface. Petals oblong, obtuse, thinner
than the sepals, with a median fleshy line or keel. Lip trilobed, adnate to the
lower third of the column; lateral lobes small, oblong, rounded; mid-lobe ovate-
oblong, obtuse; disc beautifully reticulated.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, near La Merced in the Chanchamayo
Valley, 1000 meters, in woods, Weberbauer 1849.
I have seen a photograph of the type of this species.
EPISTEPHIUM HBK.
Terrestrials of the American tropics. Plants tall, simple or branching, some-
times climbing, very glabrous. Leaves numerous, sessile or amplexicaul (rarely
short-petioled), ovate to oblong or elliptic-oblong (rarely suborbicular), commonly
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 45
prominently reticulate-veined, shining and blackened in drying. Flowers large
and showy, solitary or in loose terminal racemes, and sometimes axillary also.
Perianth rising from a small, dentate cup at the summit of the ovary. Sepals free,
subequal, narrow. Petals rather similar to the sepals but commonly broader. Lip
broadly obovate, simple or obscurely 3-lobed, with the basal part more or less
adnate to the column. Column elongate, semiterete, shortly dilated above. An-
ther affixed to the posterior lobe of the clinandrium, incumbent, distinctly 2-celled,
with 2 powdery-granular pollinia in each cell.
The treatment of this genus is seriously limited by the lack of
adequate herbarium material and especially by the lack of fresh
flowers.
Al. Leaves very membranaceous, without conspicuous nerves; flower solitary.
E. monanthum
A2. Leaves subcoriaceous or coriaceous, with conspicuous nerves and reticu-
lations; flowers several to numerous I
la. Petals narrower than the lateral sepals; column free from the margins of
the lip except at the very base E. amplexicaule
Ib. Petals broader than the sepals; column adnate to the margins of the lip
to above the middle 1
la. Flowers large, sepals nearly 6 cm. long; raceme elongate, many-flowered;
central, apical portion of the lip adorned with a band of retrorse appen-
dages E. Duckei (E. macrophyllum)
Ib. Flowers relatively small, sepals about 4 cm. long; raceme few- (commonly
8- to 15-) flowered; central, apical portion of the lip adorned with a band
of carunculate keels E. amabile
Epistephium amabile Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 42. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 142, nr. 556. 1929. Epistephium
datum HBK. sensu Kranzl. Weberb. Pflanzenw. Peru. Andes in
Veget. Erde 12: 289. 1911.
Plant robust, up to 16.7 dm. tall. Leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, amplexicaul at the base, up to 20 cm. long and
7 cm. wide. Raceme laxly 8- to about 22-flowered, 28 cm. or less tall. Flowers
purple. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, acute or subacuminate, 4-4.5 cm. long
and 1.4 cm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, lightly oblique. Petals obovate to
elliptic, oblique, obtuse, much broader than the sepals. Lip adnate to the column
from the base to about the lower half of the latter; free portion quadrate-ovate,
very obscurely 3-lobed, bilobed in front, about 2.3-3.5 cm. long; disc adorned
through the apical central part with 3 carunculate keels (the central one some-
times elevated) and below with retrorse, lacerate appendages.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, in open woods, "buds deep yellow-green," Killip & Smith
23183. Same locality, in thickets, "segments deep magenta; lip
white at center without/' Killip & Smith 22560. — Junin: Pichis
46 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Trail, Enenas, 1700 meters, in open sphagnum swamp, "perianth
segments royal purple, 3 outer segments reddish-purple without,"
Killip & Smith 25672. — Loreto: On mountains north of Moyobam-
ba, 1000-1100 meters, in open savanna woods, Weberbauer 4615
(type). — San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 me-
ters, in mountain forest, "fls. purple- violet," King 3550. Villca-
bamba: Hacienda on Rio Chinchao, about 1800 meters, on sparsely
shrubby slope. Herb "5 ft. high. Fls. dark purple-red, the fringed
band and lip within, white," Macbride 5009. (This determination
is questionable, as only imperfect buds are present.)
Epistephium amplexicaule Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp.
1: 52, t. 91. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 137. 1893.
Sobralia amplexicaulis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
1:233. 1798.
Stem 9-21 dm. high, few-branched below. Leaves ovate-oblong or triangular-
oblong, acute or short-acuminate, cordate and amplexicaul at the base, up to
27 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, shining. Raceme loosely 8- to 12-flowered. Flowers
very showy, crimson, more than 5 cm. long. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, 5-6 cm.
long, about 1 cm. wide. Lateral sepals obovate or obovate-oblong, obtuse,
shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal, membranaceous. Petals obovate-
oblong, subacute, narrower than the lateral sepals. Lip free from the column or
nearly so, broadly obovate or subrotund, emarginate, undulate, shortly lacerate
and ciliolate on the margin, about 4-4.5 cm. long; disc through the longitudinal
center with a bearded crest of subulate appendages extending from the base
nearly to the apex and in front of this crest a cluster of numerous folds. Column
furnished with 3 pairs of wings near the apex.
Eastern Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1893. — Huanuco:
Toward Chihuamecala, in the vicinity of Cuchero (Cochero) in
warm thickets, Poeppig 1601 (type). Also Colombia, and Bolivia,
fide Schlechter.
Epistephium Duckei Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Para 7: 287.
1913. Epistephium macrophyllum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 42. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 142, nr. 557. 1929.
Epistephium elatum HBK. sensu Kranzl. Weberb. Pflanzenw.
Peru. Andes in Veget. Erde 12: 280. 1911 (non HBK.).
Plant robust, surely over 1 meter tall. Stem stout, sparingly branched.
Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, amplexicaul,
shining, median blades 20-27 cm. long, up to 6.8 cm. wide. Raceme elongate,
laxly many- (about 20- to 25-) flowered, 30 cm. or more long at maturity. Flowers
large, showy, pink or purple. Sepals oblanceolate-oblong, more or less acute,
nearly 6 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide. Petals narrowly obovate ("obliquely ellip-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 47
tic"), markedly broader than the sepals. Lip adnate to the lower half of the
column; free portion quadrate-ovate and very obscurely 3-lobed, bilobed at the
apex, crenulate-dentate on the undulate margins, about 3.5 cm. long and broad;
disc commonly with a central, longitudinal band of dense, retrorse, hair-like
appendages continued below (toward the base) by 3 parallel thickened lines.
Cuzco: Near St. Ana, above Hacienda Jelma, 1700-1800 meters,
on grass steppe, Weberbauer 5003 (type). — Huanuco: Prov. of
Huanuco, Chinchao, about 2400 meters, in open rocky and grassy
area, Hodge 6274. Between Carpish and Chinchao, Ferreyra 1816.
— Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1293. Prob-
ably also Venezuela and Bolivia.
Epistephium monanthum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp.
1: 53, t. 92. 1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 143. 1893.
Pogonia monantha Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 121. 1921.
Stem 6-7 dm. tall, simple, slender, remotely leafy. Leaves oblong or ovate-
oblong, more or less acute, amplexicaul below, 8-12 cm. long, up to 4.5 cm. wide,
very membranaceous, glaucous. Flower solitary, terminal, large. Sepals oblong
or linear-oblong, acute, slightly narrowed toward the base, 4.5-5 cm. long, 8-10
mm. wide, yellowish-lilac, the lateral ones the shorter. Petals oblong, similar to
the sepals but slightly broader, white with rich violet at the apex. Lip a little
longer than the lateral sepals, with the basal margins adnate to the column,
convolute about the column, when forcibly expanded elliptic-obovate or obovate-
oblong, simple, about 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse or slightly retuse; disc
with 2 approximate, entire keels, not bearded. Column bialate above.
Huanuco: Between Cuchero (Cochero) and Chihuamecala, in
dry grassy thickets, Poeppig 1601B.
That this species appears to be a true Epistephium is shown (in
the illustration) by the presence of a dentate cup at the summit of
the ovary.
ELLEANTHUS Presl (Evelyna Poepp. & Endl.)
Terrestrials or epiphytes, with simple or branched stems (often very tall)
which are commonly caespitose and distichously leafy, at least above. Leaves
linear to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, sessile, plicate, more or less coriaceous. In-
florescences terminal, densely to very loosely flowered, capitate to elongate-
spicate. Floral bracts surpassing the flowers or shorter. Sepals commonly free
and subequal, concave. Petals usually much narrower and thinner. Lip simple,
often pandurate or somewhat 3-lobed, entire or usually dentate to ciliate on the
anterior margins, concave at the base where usually with one or two large calli;
disc often with a transverse keel. Column erect, footless, often thickened-dilated
below the stigmatic orifice; anther opercular, incumbent, 2-celled. Pollinia 8.
Al. Leaves narrowly linear, grass-like E. linifolius
A2. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong or elliptic I
48 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
la. Petals lunate; floral bracts rose-colored; rachis very densely muriculate-
papillose E. rhodolepis
Ib. Petals not lunate, at most slightly curved 1
la. Stem branched, usually much so 2
Ib. Stem simple, unbranched (very rarely with a single branch) 9
2a. Raceme distantly flowered; lip oblong, acute, subtrilobed. . . .E. virgatus
2b. Raceme sublaxly to densely flowered; lip not oblong 3
3a. Lip with a transverse keel in front of the basal calli 4
3b. Lip without a transverse keel in front of the basal calli, but often with
a transverse thickening 5
4a. Petals cuneate-obovate, emarginate; lip merely crenate E. kermesinus
4b. Petals ligulate, obtuse; lip fimbriate; flowers red E. bractescens
5a. Margins of the lip entire E. flavescens
5b. Margins of the lip dentate to fimbriate 6
6a. Lip rhombic, apparently subacute E. Hallii
6b. Lip oval to subrotund, rounded to emarginate at the apex 7
7a. Pair of fleshy calli at the base of the lip.
E. aurantiacus (E. cajamarcae, E. galipanensis, E. pallidiflavus)
7b. Pair of fleshy calli about J^ part above the base of the lip 8
8a. Leaves 7-10 mm. wide; anterior portion of the lip suborbicular; stems
much branched E. bambusaceus
8b. Leaves 13-17 mm. wide; anterior portion of the lip broadly obcordate and
retuse; stems subsimple E. gastroglottis1
9a. Lip oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, depressed at the base and
apparently ecallose E. Myrosmatis
9b. Lip not oblong-lanceolate, bearing 1 or 2 distinct calli 10
lOa. Floral bracts much surpassing the flowers 11
lOb. Floral bracts subequaling or somewhat surpassing the flowers; lip not
pandurate 13
lla. Lip with a pair of transverse keels in front of the basal calli.
E. longibracteatus
lib. Lip without a pair of transverse keels above, lamina more or less pandurate
when expanded 12
12a. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, 3 cm. or more wide, apparently not rigid or
strongly plicate; lip retuse E. lupulinus
12b. Leaves linear-lanceolate, about 1.5 cm. or less wide, very rigid and plicate
in the dried specimen; lip apiculate E. ensatus
13a. Inflorescence abbreviated, capitate, densely flowered, about equally long
and broad 14
13b. Inflorescence racemose, longer than broad 17
14a. Lip entire on the margin, not retuse E. cephalophorus
14b. Lip crenulate to fimbriate above, commonly retuse 15
15a. Lamina of the lip pandurate, with a short isthmus above the middle;
basal calli narrow, pyriform-cylindric E. porphyrocephalus
15b. Lamina of the lip not pandurate, without a distinct isthmus near the
middle 16
1 Perhaps, with more collections available, this concept will be found referable
to E. bambusaceus.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 49
16a. Floral bracts scurfy with muriculate papillae; column without a prominent,
anterior protuberance E. casapensis
16b. Floral bracts glabrous; column with a prominent, anterior protuberance.
E. capitatus
17a. Raceme sublax, or distantly flowered 18
17b. Raceme densely flowered 20
18a. Mature raceme elongate (about 8 cm. or more long), many- (20- or more-)
flowered E. oligantha
18b. Mature raceme short (about 4 cm. or less long), few- (10- or less-)
flowered 19
19a. Inflorescence subtended by a single leaf-like bract; petals broader above
the middle than at the base E. furfuraceus
19b. Inflorescence subtended by 2 semi-foliaceous bracts; petals not broader
near the apex than at the base E. gastroglottis1
20a. Leaves (except the uppermost) broad (5 cm. or more wide), elliptic to
broadly lanceolate 21
20b. Leaves relatively narrow (commonly 4.3 cm. or less broad) 25
21a. Lip not provided with a transverse membrane 22
21b. Lip with a transverse membrane near the base 23
22a. Base of the lip with a single, depressed callus E. robustus
22b. Base of the lip with a pair of approximate calli E. strobilifer
23a. Petals abruptly dilated and denticulate near the apex; lip bicallose at the
base E. Ruizii*
23b. Petals not markedly dilated or denticulate above 24
24a. Base of the lip with 2 large, approximate calli; lateral sepals deeply
carinate E. hymenophorus
24b. Base of the lip with a single 4-lobulate callus; lateral sepals chiefly carinate
above E. igneus
25a. Base of the lip provided with a single callus.
E. conifer (E. conchochilus, E. Weberbauerianus)
25b. Base of the lip provided with 2 calli 26
26a. Lip not markedly constricted on each side in the middle or above 27
26b. Lip conspicuously constricted on each side in the middle or above. . . .29
27a. Base of the lip with a pair of long, narrow, connate calli; ovary furfur-
aceous E. laxifoliatus
27b. Base of the lip with a pair of ellipsoid or ovoid, separate calli 28
28a. Lamina of the lip rhombic-obovate or rhombic-orbicular, not retuse;
basal calli approximate and minute E. Bonplandii
28b. Lamina of the lip not rhombic, lightly retuse; basal calli widely separated,
conspicuous E. aureus
29a. Ovary papillose or muricate 30
29b. Ovary glabrous 31
30a. Leaves 8 cm. or less long; apical lobe of the lip relatively large, exceeding
the lower portion; flowers violet E. amethystinus
1 E. gastroglottis is said to have the floral bracts about twice surpassing the
flowers, but the lip is not pandurate when expanded.
2 E. Ruizii sometimes has an abbreviated raceme, but is distinct from that
group by having a transverse membrane on the lip.
50 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
30b. Leaves about 13 cm. or more long; apical lobe of the lip small, much
narrower than the lower portion; flowers bright yellow. .E. xanthocomos
31a. Lateral sepals free; petals similar to the sepals but a little narrower; plant
about 15 cm. high E. Koehleri
31b. Lateral sepals connate up to the middle; petals much narrower than the
sepals; plant 30 cm. or more high E. Carolii
Elleanthus amethystinus (Reichb. f. & Warsc.) Reichb. f.
Walp. Ann. 6: 479. 1862. Evelyna amethystina Reichb. f. & Warsc.
Bonpl. 2: 113. 1854.
Stems simple, rigid. Leaves lanceolate, subcoriaceous, acute or acuminate,
mucronate, the upper ones (which alone remain) 5-8 cm. long, 0.8-1.3 cm. wide.
Inflorescence short, arcuate-nodding, closely many-flowered, with a densely
muricate rachis. Floral bracts oblong-ovate, acuminate, equaling the flowers.
Ovary muriculate. Perianth violet, small. Dorsal sepal oblong, apiculate.
Lateral sepals subequal, ovate-oblong, apiculate. Petals ligulate or linear-oblong,
acute. Lip abruptly constricted near the middle; basal half relatively narrow,
with a pair of very large, separated, reniform calli; anterior part much broader
than the basal part, transversely oval or ovate-reniform, crenulate, lightly retuse
at the rounded apex. Column angled on each side, keeled in front.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type). Also
Colombia.
This diagnosis was drawn from Reichenbach's description and
from copies of his drawings in his herbarium in Vienna.
Elleanthus aurantiacus (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 482.
1863. Evelyna aurantiaca Lindl. Benth. PI. Hartweg. 149. 1844.
Elleanthus galipanensis Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 6: 28. 1919;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 2, nr. 5. 1929. Elleanthus caja-
marcae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 44. 1921; Mansf. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 57: t. 102, nr. 400. 1929. Elleanthus pallidiflavus
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 48. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57: t. 104, nr. 406. 1929 (asE. pallidiflorus).
Plant up to 1 meter high. Stems much branched, rigid (with the branches
sometimes arcuate), leafy. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, up to 12.2 cm. long
and 2.4 cm. wide (very variable in size), coriaceous. Inflorescence commonly
short (very rarely up to 8.5 cm. long), at first dense but rather laxly flowered
in course of development, few- to many-flowered. Floral bracts varying from
slightly shorter than, to surpassing, the flowers, ovate, spreading, concave, acute
to acuminate. Ovary muriculate. Perianth yellow to orange or red, small.
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong (rarely oval), concave, acute, 6-8 mm. long. Lateral
sepals subequally large, obliquely oblong-ovate (rarely ovate), dorsally keeled
near the apex, mucronate. Petals oblong to elliptic-oblong, sometimes broader
above the middle, obtuse (rarely acute). Lip surpassing the sepals, suborbicular-
obovate, about 5.5-10 mm. long, deeply concave at the base with a pair of ap-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 51
proximate, semiglobose calli, erose-fimbriate above the middle, slightly retuse;
disc rather fleshy in the middle. Column angular-protuberant in front at or near
the middle.
Apurimac: Andahuaylas, Quebrada north of Chincheros, 2800
meters, on cliffs and clay banks, Stork & Horton 10768 (variant with
apically broader petals and shorter column). — Ayacucho: Prov. of
Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 2800 meters, "evergreen bush-wood,
shrub 1 m. high," flowers pale yellow, Weberbauer 7560. — Cajamarca:
Prov. of Cutervo, trail between Socota and Tambillo, 3200 meters,
"in open clay hillsides, fl. waxy yellow, tip of lip purple to black,"
Stork & Horton 10166. Prov. of Jaen, eastern slopes of Cordillera
above Tabaconas, 2300-2400 meters, Weberbauer 6275 (type of
E. cajamarcae Schltr.). — Cuzco: Habitat not recorded, Bues
(Herrera 2153d), flowers poor. Near Rio Yanamayo, below "Pilla-
huata," 2000-2300 meters, epiphyte in forest, flowers orange, Pennell
14062. Prov. of Urubamba, "on way to Puyupata-marca," 3200
meters, on tree in dense forest, Vargas 2732. — Huanuco: Between
Huanuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), eastern Andes, Kanehira
330. Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish, about 2800 meters, in thicket,
Asplund 12750. Panao, about 2700 meters, on shrubby slope,
flowers orange, Macbride 3618. Carpish, between Huanuco and
Tingo Maria, 2500-2800 meters, flowers golden, Ferreyra 1753.
Several km. west of summit of Carpish, 2800 meters, on clay and
shale bank in sun, Stork & Horton 9902. — Piura: Prov. of Huanca-
bamba, Cordillera east of Huancabamba, 2700-2800 meters, Weber-
bauer 6090 (type of E. pallidiflavus Schltr.). Also Venezuela (type
of E. galipanensis Schltr.), Colombia, and Ecuador.
The thickened portion of the disc of the lip in front of the basal
calli appears in some cases (as in some flowers of Pennell 14062) to
be produced into a more or less distinct, transverse keel. In most
flowers a distinct keel is entirely absent.
A photograph of Lindley's type of Evelyna aurantiaca supple-
mented the description, and numerous collections furnished the data
for this diagnosis.
El lean thus aureus (Poepp. & Endl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6:
484. 1863; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 328. 1901. Evelyna
aurea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 33, t. 57B, a-g. 1836.
Stems simple, robust, rigid, up to 6 dm. high, leafless from the base to the
middle, distichously leafy above. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, coriaceous, 10-20 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, very rigid. Inflorescence a short,
strobiliform raceme, 4-6 cm. long, densely many-flowered. Floral bracts varying
52 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
from broadly oval (at the base of the raceme) to oblong, densely imbricating,
obtusely acute, a little shorter than the flowers (in the type). Ovary glabrous.
Sepals light purple, lip yellow. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 9-10 mm. long,
the lateral ones oblique. Petals linear or linear-ligulate, acute, about as long as
the sepals. Lip triangular-obovate with a broad, truncate-rounded and shallowly
retuse apex, 12-13 mm. long, denticulate on the margins, the slightly saccate
base with a pair of widely separated, complanate-ovoid calli. Column with a
conspicuous swelling in front in the middle, attenuate at the base and apex.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, MacLean s.n. Near Panahuanca,
Mathews 1224. Near Tabina, Lechler 1866. On the rather dry,
grassy mountains of eastern Peru and on calcareous cliffs near
Cassapi (Casapi), Poeppig s.n. (type).
No material of this species was available.
Elleanthus bambusaceus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 44.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 102, nr. 399. 1929.
Plant epiphytic, caespitose, about 40 cm. high. Stems much branched, rigid,
densely leafy, slender. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, up to 8.5 cm. long
and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescences oblong-cylindric, erect, subsessile, densely 5- to
9-flowered, up to 3 cm. long. Floral bracts equaling or slightly surpassing the
flowers, erect-spreading, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate. Perianth purple.
Ovary furfuraceous. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, more or less acute, 7-9 mm. long.
Lateral sepals subequal, oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, oblique. Petals ob-
lanceolate-ligulate, acute to subobtuse, almost as long as the sepals. Lip oval in
outline when expanded, 9-11 mm. long, concave at the base, shortly retuse and
apiculate at the apex, irregularly dentate-ciliate on the anterior margins; disc with
a pair of widely separated, oblong-reniform calli one third the distance from the
base. Column apparently carinate-dilated in front.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, between Pillahuata and Tambo-
mayo, 2000-2800 meters, Vargas 4952.—J\min: West of Huaca-
pistana, 2600-3000 meters, in dense woods on the mountains,
Weberbauer 2084 (type).
Elleanthus Bonplandii (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6:
483. 1863. Evelyna Bonplandii Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 711. 1852.
Stems simple, very stout, leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate, coriaceous, up to 15 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide (only the
upper ones present). Inflorescence (raceme) sessile, 12.7 cm. long, cylindric, very
dense, many-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate,
surpassing the flowers. Ovary glabrous. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, acute, the
lateral ones oblique. Petals linear or linear-lanceolate, acute. Lip broadly
rhombic-obovate or rhombic-orbicular, broadly rounded and minutely crisped
in front; disc with a pair of approximate, minute calli at the base. Column
slender, minutely angled in the middle in front.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Bonpland s.n.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 53
This diagnosis was made from the above descriptions, as well as
from drawings of the type from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Elleanthus bractescens (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 479.
1862. Evelyna bractescens Lindl. Orch. Linden. 10, no. 59. 1846.
Stem copiously branched, with the branches arcuate, leafy. Leaves lanceolate,
acuminate, up to 11 cm. long and about 1.7 cm. wide, rigid. Racemes ovoid,
densely many-flowered, strobiliform, up to 2.5 cm. long. Floral bracts apparently
ovate, acute, subequaling the flowers. Perianth red. Sepals not described. Petals
elliptic-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse. Lip round-obovate, retuse at the
apex, with the margins fimbriate above the middle; disc with a pair of large,
approximate, ovoid calli in the concave base and with a transverse lamina in front
of these. Column not described.
Peru: Cajamarca (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 123. 1921. Also Venezuela (type).
This species may be referable to E. aurantiacus (Lindl.) Reichb.
f., but, judging from a photograph of the type and the description,
it differs in having dense racemes of red flowers with a transverse
lamina on the disc in front of the basal calli.
The data for this diagnosis were furnished by the descriptions, in
addition to a photograph of the type of Evelyna bractescens from the
Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Elleanthus capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 475.
1862. Bletia capitata R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 206. 1813.
Evelyna capitata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 32, t. 56. 1836.
Evelyna cynarocephala Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 216. 1856, nomen tantum.
Figure 7.
Plant large. Stems simple, caespitose, rigid, leafy especially above, up to 11
dm. tall. Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic (rarely ovate-lanceolate), up to
26 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate. Inflorescences capitate, densely
many-flowered, with the flowers often embedded in a mucilaginous mass. Floral
bracts imbricated, triangular-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
glabrous, the outer ones larger and surpassing the flowers. Flowers varying from
white with pink markings to purple. Ovary more or less glabrous. Dorsal sepal
lanceolate-elliptic to oblong, acute, about 12 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals
subequally long, obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate. Petals
linear to oblong, obtuse to subacute. Lip round-obovate, about 15 mm. or less
long, concave at the base with a pair of semiglobose calli, retuse in front, with the
anterior margins erose-fimbriate. Column with an abrupt, conspicuous, obtuse
tubercle in the middle in front.
Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), on
branches of stout trees in primeval forests, Poeppig s.n. Mufia,
about 2100 meters, in dry woods, Macbride 4194- A widespread
FIG. 7. Elleanthw capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f. 1, upper part of plant with
flower head; X ^. 2, column, side view; about X 1. 3, column, front-side view;
about XI. 4, flower, side view; XI. 5, flower, from above; XI. 6, pollinia,
much enlarged. 7, anther, much enlarged. Drawn by D. E. Tibbitts.
54
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 55
species extending from Mexico and the West Indies (type of Bletia
capitata) to Brazil and Peru.
The descriptions of this concept, supplemented by numerous
collections, furnished the data for this diagnosis.
Elleanthus Carolii Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 45. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 102, nr. 401. 1929.
Plant caespitose, slender, 30-40 cm. high. Stems simple, 4- to 6-leaved above.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, mucronulate, coriaceous, 7-9.5 cm. long, 1-1.2 cm.
wide. Racemes subsessile, ovoid, erect, densely 10- to 15-flowered. Floral bracts
long-acuminate from an ovate base, usually slightly surpassing the flowers.
Flowers orange. Ovary glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate,
7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblong-lanceolate, oblique, shortly acuminate,
connate up to the middle. Petals linear-falcate, subobtuse, a little longer than
the sepals. Lip from an oval, cucullate base (furnished with a pair of subremote,
falcate-oblong calli) abruptly dilated into a very broadly flabellate-reniform
lamina which is lightly retuse in the middle and has irregularly fimbriate-dentate
margins. Column slender, dilated toward the apex with the serrulate clinandrium
sharply divided into two rounded lobules.
Junin: Near La Merced, in the Chanchamayo Valley, about
1200 meters, Kohler brothers s.n.
Elleanthus casapensis (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6:
475. 1862. Evelyna casapensis Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 709. 1852.
Plant slender, over 30 cm. tall. Stems simple. Leaves several on the upper
part of the stem, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
about 14 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence abbreviated, capitate. Floral
bracts ovate, sharply acuminate, imbricating, furfuraceous, equaling or surpassing
the flowers. Sepals elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, the lateral ones
oblique. Petals linear-oblanceolate, acute. Lip round-oval, retuse in the middle,
with the sides toward the apex fimbriate; disc ventricose, not contracted, furnished
at the base with a pair of approximate, rather large, rounded calli. Column having
a retuse clinandrium which is 1-toothed on each side.
Peru: Cassapi (Casapi), Matthews 1891 (type).
The diagnosis was drawn both from Reichenbach's description
and from drawings of the type in his Herbarium in Vienna.
This concept is reduced to E. capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f. by
Cogniaux, Martius PI. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 326. 1901, but it appears to
me to be separable from that species.
Elleanthus cephalophorus (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann.
6: 476. 1862. Evelyna cephalophora Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 709.
1852.
56 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plant much more slender than E. capitatus (R. Br.) Reichb. f., about 50 cm.
or more tall. Stems slender, simple, leafy above. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, up to about 16 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Inflores-
cence abbreviated, capitate. Floral bracts triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate,
equaling the flowers. Ovary smooth. Sepals ovate-oblong, acute, the lateral ones
oblique. Petals ligulate, lightly dilated above, acute or obtuse. Lip round-
obovate, scarcely constricted below, rounded at the apex, entire on the margins;
disc with a pair of approximate, basal, keel-like calli. Column with a ciliolate,
deeply emarginate clinandrium, and a prominent, 3-lobed, rostellar process.
Huanuco: Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1688.
The diagnosis was drawn from the description, as well as from
drawings of the type of Evelyna cephalophora from the Reichenbach
Herbarium in Vienna.
This species appears to be very close to E. capitatus (R. Br.)
Reichb. f., but differs in having an entire and not retuse lip.
Elleanthus conifer (Reichb. f. & Warsc.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann.
6: 474. 1862. Evelyna conifera Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 113.
1854. Elleanthus Weberbauerianus Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54,
Beibl. 117: 28. 1916. Elleanthus conchochilus Schltr. Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 46. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 103, nr. 402.
1929.
Plant large and stout, up to 2 meters high. Stems simple, leafy (especially
above). Leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
more or less long-acuminate, coriaceous, plicate, up to about 21.7 cm. long and
4.3 cm. wide. Inflorescence oblong-cylindric, densely many-flowered, strobiliform,
about 5.5-10 cm. long. Floral bracts appressed-imbricated, ovate-oblong or
elliptic-oblong, equaling or slightly exceeding the flowers. Ovary shortly fur-
furaceous. Flowers white, white with reddish veins, purple and white, rose-
colored or yellowish. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, acute to short-
acuminate, concave, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong or
oblong-ovate, acute or short-acuminate, slightly longer and narrower than the
dorsal sepal. Petals linear to linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, about as long as
the sepals. Lip pandurate-obovate when expanded, with the anterior margins
crenulate to denticulate and more or less retuse in the middle, up to 13 mm. long
and almost as wide above; disc with the concave base occupied by a large tri-
angular-ovoid, obtuse callus. Column with a carinate or grooved callus in front;
clinandrium 3-lobed.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type of Evelyna
conifera) . Churuhuasi (48 miles from Ollachea) , Soukup 473. — Caja-
marca: At the edge of sclerophyllous vegetation on mountains west
of Huambos, 2700-2800 meters, Weberbauer 4191 (type of E. concho-
chilus Schltr.). — Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Machu-Picchu,
among Irca ruins in the sun, 2200 meters, Stork, Norton, Vargas 10512.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 57
Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters,
epiphytic and terrestrial, in dense forest, Vargas 2538. Prov. of
Paucartambo, between Tanamayo and Tambomayo, 1800-2700
meters, epiphyte and terrestrial, Vargas 4937. Prov. of Quispican-
chis, Marcapata Valley near Chilechile, 2500-2600 meters, on grass
steppe mixed with shrubs and alternating with shrub-woods, Weber-
bauer 7868. Prov. of Urubamba, "Huinaihuaina," 2550 meters, at
edge of woods, Vargas 4114- — Huanuco: Cani, 7 miles northeast of
Mito, about 2600 meters, on sunny grass-shrub slopes, Macbride
3489. Prov. of Huanuco, Mitotambo, above Mito, 3000-3100
meters, in low evergreen forest with scattering trees, Ferreyra 6693.
— Piura: Prov. of Huancabamba, on the western slopes of the Cordil-
lera east of Huancabamba, 2700-2800 meters, in the grass steppe of
slight periodicity with numerous scattered evergreen shrubs, Weber-
bauer 6091 (type of E. Weberbauerianus Kranzl.).
This diagnosis was prepared from a drawing of the type of
Evelyna conifera in the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna, as well
as from all of the descriptions of the component synonyms and
numerous specimens examined. It appears to be allied to E. stro-
bilifer Reichb. f.
Elleanthus ensatus (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 482. 1863.
Evelyna ensata Lindl. Orch. Linden. 11, no. 64. 1846.
Plant rather tall, stout. Stem simple, leafy above, erect or slightly arcuate,
up to 11.3 dm. tall. Leaves linear-lanceolate or elliptic-linear, rigid, coriaceous,
plicate, acuminate with an acute apex, up to about 21 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide.
Inflorescence strobiliform, densely many-flowered, subglobose-capitate to oblong-
cylindric, up to about 12 cm. long, commonly nodding. Floral bracts spreading,
the lower ones about twice or more surpassing the flowers, ovate-lanceolate and
setaceous-acuminate. Flowers pink to carmine. Ovary densely short-furfura-
ceous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, acute, about 1.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals sub-
equally large, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, mucronate. Petals linear to oblong-
oblanceolate. Lip pandurate, concave-saccate at the base, with an abrupt tri-
angular lobule at the broad apex, up to 1.7 cm. long, the anterior margins being
crenate and apiculate; disc with a pair of conspicuous calli above the base. Column
slender.
Peru: Cajamarca (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 123. 1921. Also Venezuela (type), Colombia, and Ecuador.
This description was drawn from photographs of the type of
Evelyna ensata from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew and the Delessert
Herbarium in Geneva, as well as from several specimens referred to
this species.
58 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
1.1 lean thus flavescens (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 479.
1862. Evelyna flavescens Lindl. Orch. Linden. 11, no. 60. 1846.
Plant over 44 cm. high. Stem with numerous short lateral branches which are
strict and leafy. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate to an obtuse tip, up to about 7 cm.
long and 1.4 cm. wide. Inflorescence strobiliform, short, many-flowered, dense
above, sublax below, up to about 3 cm. long. Floral bracts subequaling the
flowers, the lower ones often foliaceous and elongate. Flowers yellowish or orange.
Sepals not described. Petals linear, subacute. Lip suborbicular with entire or
subentire margins, retuse in the middle; disc with the depressed base having a pair
of approximate, ovoid-pyriform calli.
Peru: Cajamarca (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 123. 1921. Also Venezuela (type) and Colombia.
This species may be specifically inseparable from E. aurantiacus
(Lindl.) Reichb. f., but the entire margins of the lip appear to be
diagnostic.
The description was taken from the original diagnosis, together
with a photographic record of Lindley's type of Evelyna flavescens
having a drawing of its lip and petal.
El lean thus furfuraceus (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 480.
1862; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 333. 1901. Evelyna fur-
furacea Lindl. Orch. Linden. 12, no. 65. 1846. Elleanthus furfu-
rascens Reichb. f. ex Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 123. 1921,
sphalm.
Plant slender. Stem simple or sometimes lightly branched, more or less
arcuate below, slender, leafy above. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, very
acuminate, up to 14 cm. long and about 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence about 4- to
16-flowered, more or less lax toward the base with the lower flowers often in the
axils of leaf-bearing or foliaceous sheaths, rather dense above. Lower bracts much
surpassing the flowers, upper ones subequaling them or shorter. Flowers scarlet
to rose or purple. Ovary furfuraceous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, subacute to
acuminate, 6-8 mm. long. Lateral sepals about as long, obliquely ovate-lanceolate
or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, apiculate. Petals oblanceolate-oblong,
subacute. Lip round-obovate, erose-crenate or denticulate and retuse on the
anterior margins, about as long as the sepals; disc with a pair of approximate,
semiellipsoid calli at the concave base and in front of these a transverse elevated
line or keel. Column stout, subclavate; clinandrium tridenticulate.
Peru: Junin (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 123. 1921. Also British Guiana, Venezuela (type), Colombia, and
Ecuador.
This description was prepared by reference to photographs of the
type and co-type, as well as from Venezuelan specimens referred to
this species.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 59
Elleanthus gastroglottis Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 46.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 103, nr. 403. 1929.
Plant rather large, up to 5 dm. high. Stems caespitose, slightly branched or
simple, leafy above. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, up to 11 cm. long and
1.7 cm. wide. Inflorescence sublaxly few- (6- to 10-) flowered, up to 3.5 cm. long,
with 2 foliaceous acuminate spathes at the base. Floral bracts lanceolate, acumi-
nate, almost twice surpassing the flowers. Flowers purple. Ovary furfuraceous.
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, acuminate, about 1 cm. long. Lateral sepals slightly
longer, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Petals linear-oblong or ligulate,
obtuse. Lip obovate to broadly obcordate, about 1.1 cm. long, 1 cm. wide,
retuse in the middle, with erose-dentate margins; disc concave in the lower half
with a pair of subremote, pyriform-ellipsoid calli a third of the distance from the
base. Column stout, obtusely keeled in front.
Junin: West of Huacapistana, 2600-3000 meters, in humid
forest on the mountains, Weberbauer 2083.
Elleanthus Hallii (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 482.
1863. Evelyna Hallii Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 711. 1852.
Plant over 19 cm. tall. Stem branched, leafy (at least above). Leaves
lanceolate, acuminate, lightly retuse at the apex, apparently up to about 6 cm.
long. Inflorescence abbreviated, about 3 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate
(oblong, as cited), sharply acuminate, exceeding the flowers. Ovary muricate.
Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply acuminate. Petals ligulate, obtuse.
Lip exceeding the sepals and petals, rhombic-obovate, ciliate-dentate (apparently
not retuse); disc at the base with a pair of approximate, complanate-ellipsoid
(cited as oblong) calli.
Peru: Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 123.
1921. Also Ecuador (type).
The diagnosis was prepared from drawings of the type of Evelyna
Hallii from the Reichenbach Herbarium, as well as from the de-
scriptions.
Elleanthus hymenophorus (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann.
6: 480. 1862. Evelyna hymenophora Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 710.
1852. Evelyna discolor Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 113. 1854.
Elleanthus discolor Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 480-481. 1862-1863.
Stems simple, suberect or arcuate, leafy above, up to 9 dm. high. Leaves
broadly ovate-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acumi-
nate, up to about 27 cm. long and 10 cm. wide. Inflorescence cylindric, densely
many-flowered, up to 11 cm. long, erect or recurved. Floral bracts somewhat
shorter than the flowers and spreading in course of development. Ovary densely
muricate. Flowers sulphur-yellow to vermilion or dark red (rarely white). Dorsal
sepal oblong to oblong-ovate, acute, up to 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar,
obliquely oblong-ovate, acute and apiculate, with a conspicuous high, thin keel,
concave. Petals linear to narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse to subacute. Lip
60 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
suborbicular when expanded, about 10 mm. long, emarginate in front, with the
anterior margins irregularly fimbriate-dentate, slightly exceeding the sepals,
a little broader than long; disc with a pair of conspicuous, approximate calli at the
concave base, the calli hidden by a transverse semilunar membrane. Column
short, stout, longitudinally thickened in front.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type of Evelyna
discolor). — Huanuco: Pozuzo, about 600 meters, on wooded slope,
flowers orange, Macbride 4702. Along Huallaga River, 5 miles
southeast of Tingo Maria, about 670 meters, epiphyte on Pithe-
collobium, flowers deep red, Seibert 1825. — San Martin: San Roque,
1350-1500 meters, Williams 7347. (This specimen is in fruit and
the flowers are imperfect.) Also Costa Rica, Panama (type of Eve-
lyna hymenophora) , and Colombia.
The Central American specimens examined are smaller both
vegetatively and florally than those from South America.
The diagnosis was prepared by reference to the descriptions of
the component concepts, as well as to numerous specimens referred
to the species.
Elleanthus igneus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 47. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 103, nr. 404. 1929.
Plant caespitose, up to 13.7 dm. high. Stems simple, leafy above. Leaves
elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 23 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide.
Raceme very densely many-flowered, oblong-cylindric, erect or nearly so, up to
about 9 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, a little shorter than
the flowers, spreading. Flowers flame-color to brick-red. Ovary furfuraceous.
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, acute, 8-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequally long,
obliquely ovate-oblong, mucronate, dorsally with a prominent keel, especially
above. Petals obliquely linear or oblanceolate-linear, obtuse. Lip obovate-
suborbicular, about 9 mm. long, emarginate, erose-dentate, slightly surpassing the
sepals; disc with a concave base having a large complanate-ovoid callus which is
more or less bipartite and 4-lobulate; in front of the callus is a transverse semi-
lunar membrane. Column stout, thickened in front.
Cuzco: Near Cosnipata, 800 meters, in rain-forest, Weberbauer
6942 (type). — San Martin: Zepelacio near Moyobamba, 1100 meters,
in mountain forest, Klug 3620.
This species is very close to Elleanthus hymenophorus Reichb. f.,
differing chiefly in the basal callus. Moreover, the flowers seem
to be slightly larger and to have a less prominent keel on the lateral
sepals.
Elleanthus kermesinus (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 478.
1862. Eoelyna kermesina Lindl. Orch. Linden. 11, no. 61. 1846.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 61
Plant up to over 4 dm. tall. Stem much branched, with leafy branches.
Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-elliptic, acuminate to a mucronate apex, scabrous
on the margins, up to 8.5 cm. long and almost 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence abbrevi-
ated, with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers bright carmine, distinct from each other.
Sepals not described. Petals oblong-oblanceolate (cited as obovate), emarginate.
Lip obovate-suborbicular, with crenate anterior margins; disc with a pair of sub-
approximate, ellipsoid calli at the concave base, in front of these a low transverse
membrane.
Peru: Junin (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 124. 1921. Also Colombia (type) and Venezuela.
Photographs of the type of Evelyna kermesina from the Lindley
Herbarium at Kew and from the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva
were examined, in addition to the descriptions of this concept.
Elleanthus Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 388. 1912;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 10, nr. 37. 1930.
Plant caespitose, epiphytic, low, about 15 cm. tall. Stems simple, 4- to 5-
leaved above. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, more or less
acuminate to a tridentate tip, up to 6.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence
abbreviated, subcapitate but distinctly racemose, about 2 cm. long, densely 10- to
15-flowered. Floral bracts ovate, acuminate, imbricating, the lower ones slightly
surpassing the flowers. Flowers probably orange-red. Ovary glabrous. Dorsal
sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate (cited as ligulate-lanceolate), shortly acuminate,
about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals linear-oblanceolate,
acute, thinner than the sepals. Lip with a concave, oblong, claw-like base
extending to above the middle, then abruptly dilated into an oblong-reniform,
fimbriate lamina, about 9 mm. long; disc with a pair of approximate, complanate-
ovoid calli above the base. Column slender, carinate-thickened at the base in
front, with a bilobed and fimbriate clinandrium.
Junin: Chanchamayo, Rio Blanco, on coffee trees of Hacienda
St. Teresa, about 1400 meters, Kohler s.n.
Elleanthus laxifoliatus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 48.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 103, nr. 405. 1929.
Plant caespitose, about 9.7 dm. high. Stems simple, slender, laxly few- (about
5-) leaved on the upper half. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate with a 3-dentate apex,
up to 16 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence racemose, short-peduncled;
raceme cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 8 cm. long. Floral bracts broadly
oval, subequaling the flowers. Flowers pale rose-violet. Ovary furfuraceous.
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, about 1 cm. long.
Lateral sepals subequally long, obliquely ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, with
a dilated concave base. Petals obliquely linear, obtuse, minutely ciliolate above.
Lip elliptic-obovate, retuse and apiculate in front with all but the basal margins
serrate-denticulate, about 9 mm. long and 6 mm. wide above; disc at the concave
base furnished with a pair of connate, obliquely semipyriform calli. Column stout,
with the anterior surface fleshy-thickened.
62 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Cajamarca: Near Huambos, 2400-2500 meters, in woods, Weber-
bauer 4203.
Elleanthus linifolius Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 97. 1827; Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 334, t. 73, fig. 1. 1901. Isochilus ? lini-
folium Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 113. 1831. Evelyna graminifolia
Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 33, t. 58. 1836. Adeneleutero-
phora graminifolia Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 2: 171.
1882.
Plant densely caespitose, up to about 5.8 dm. tall. Stems very slender,
simple, leafy except at the base, up to about 45 cm. high. Leaves very narrowly
linear (often conduplicate), tridentate or acute at the apex, strict to arcuate,
up to 10 cm. long and 2.5 (rarely 4) mm. wide. Inflorescence up to 2.6 (rarely 5)
cm. long, a compact, distichous, complanate, often capitate raceme. Floral bracts
imbricated, conduplicate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subacute to acuminate,
commonly slightly surpassing the flowers. Rachis fractiflex. Ovary densely
pubescent, becoming glabrous. Flowers minute, white, rarely yellowish or pinkish.
Dorsal sepal oblong or ovate-oblong, navicular, acute, about 3-3.5 mm. long.
Lateral sepals about equally long, obliquely ovate to ovate-lanceolate, concave,
acuminate or acute, apiculate. Petals as long as, or exceeding the sepals, obliquely
linear or narrowly cuneate, commonly spatulate above, obtuse or rounded at the
apex. Lip suborbicular-obovate or flabellate, about 3-4.2 mm. long and usually
slightly wider above, often subtrilobed at the truncate-rounded apex, irregularly
erose-dentate on the anterior margins; disc with a pair of approximate, complanate-
ovoid calli at the strongly concave base. Column slender, dilated upward.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, epiphyte in open woods or dense forest, Killip & Smith
22594, 22754, 23161.— Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, west of Divisoria,
1400 meters, epiphyte in forest, Asplund 12584- On mountains
near Huanocco (Huanuco), Haenke s.n. (type). Between Huanuco
and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 89. — Junin: Chanchamayo
Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1314- Same locality, 1200 meters,
Schunke 1334, 1695. Same locality, 1600 meters, Schunke 1679.
Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, epiphyte in dense forest,
Killip & Smith 25514- Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon,
1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24524,
24855. Same locality, 1300-1700 meters, Schunke A50. La Merced,
Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, Macbride 5720. — San Martin :
Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, in mountain forest,
Klug 3564-
This widespread species extends from the West Indies and
Mexico, through Central America to Brazil (type of Adeneleutero-
phora) and Peru.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 63
Elleanthus longibracteatus (Lindl. ex Griseb.) Fawc. Fl. PL
Jam. 38. 1893; Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 1: 108, t. 20, figs. 8-12.
1910. Evelyna longibracteata Lindl. ex Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. Is.
623. 1864.
Plant 3-9 dm. high. Stems simple or very sparingly branched below, leafy
(especially above), slender to rather stout. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate
or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, plicate, commonly 7-20.4 cm. long, up to 3.9 cm.
wide (very variable in size). Raceme short, subglobose to oblong-cylindric,
densely several- to many-flowered, 2-8 cm. long. Floral bracts from an ovate,
concave base long-acuminate, up to 3 cm. long, much exceeding the flowers in the
lower part of the raceme. Flowers cream-color to pale yellow. Dorsal sepal
oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or mucronate, 7-10 mm. long. Lateral sepals
a little longer, obliquely triangular-oblong, mucronate, saccate at the base.
Petals obliquely ligulate or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse with irregularly denticu-
late margins above. Lip about as long as the sepals, suborbicular in outline when
expanded, sometimes indistinctly 3-lobulate above, with the anterior margins
dentate-fimbriate; disc strongly saccate from the base to above the middle, with
the sac occupied by two relatively large, ovoid calli in front of which, on each side,
is a short transverse keel. Column short, stout, winged on each side above.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, between Tanamayo and Tambo-
mayo, 1800-2700 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 4937a. Also West Indies
(type), Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia (fide Griseb.).
The diagnosis was partly compiled from descriptions, as well as
from the photograph of specimens of Evelyna longibracteata in the
Lindley Herbarium.
Elleanthus lupulinus (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 483.
1863. Evelyna lupulina Lindl. Orch. Linden. 11, no. 63. 1846.
Plant large, stiff, terrestrial, up to 15 dm. tall. Stem simple, entirely con-
cealed by close, tubular, scabrous sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, elliptic
or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, erect-spreading, plicate, narrowed to
a sessile, clasping base, up to 19 cm. long and 5.3 cm. wide (or larger below),
gradually much smaller above. Raceme very compact, about 10.5 cm. or less
long, densely flowered, with the lanceolate, concave, long-acuminate bracts 2 or 3
times surpassing the flowers. Flowers relatively small, but large for the genus,
deep rose-colored. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 1.7 cm. long.
Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, concave especially
below, a little larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely lanceolate-linear,
acute, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip tubular-concave, broadly pandurate-
oblong (i.e., strongly constricted in the middle when expanded), broadly rounded,
lightly retuse and undulate in front, more deeply concave through the basal
portion which is adorned by a pair of large, more or less distinct calli, about 1.9
cm. long. Column prominent, about 1.3 cm. long.
Huanuco: Carpish Pass, 84 km. from Tingo Maria on highway
to Lima, about 2750 meters, Allard 21066. Also Venezuela (type).
64 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
This description was prepared with the aid of photographs of the
type of Evelyna lupulina from the Lindley and the Delessert Her-
baria.
Elleanthus Myrosmatis (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6:
473. 1862. Evelyna Myrosmatis Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 708. 1852.
Stem stout, simple, leafy (at least above), over 30 cm. tall. Leaves lanceolate
(cited as oblong), strongly acuminate, up to about 20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide.
Inflorescence strobiliform, densely many-flowered, about 6.5 cm. long, subtended
by 2 triangular, navicular spathes. Floral bracts oblong-lanceolate, acute,
imbricating, apparently surpassing the flowers. Ovary sparsely muriculate.
Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong (cited as oblong), acute. Lateral sepals elliptic-
lanceolate (cited as oblong), acute. Petals obliquely elliptic-linear, acute. Lip
elliptic-lanceolate (cited as oblong-lanceolate), acute; disc depressed at the base.
Column angulate- winged on each side above the middle; rostellum and clinan-
drium retuse.
Hudnuco: Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1711; Huanuco, fide
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921.
This diagnosis was prepared from the description, in addition to
drawings of Evelyna Myrosmatis from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Elleanthus oliganthus (Poepp. & Endl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann.
6: 481. 1863; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 331. 1901. Evelyna
oligantha Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 33, t. 57. 1836.
Plant caespitose. Stems simple, rather slender, leafy nearly to the base or
the lower portion, up to 7 dm. tall. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate
(oblong, as cited), long-acuminate, membranaceous, up to about 20 cm. long and
6.5 cm. wide, the upper and lower blades commonly much smaller. Inflorescence
a loose, lax, slender, many-flowered raceme, the rachis up to about 13 cm. long.
Floral bracts triangular-linear or narrowly triangular-lanceolate, spreading and
conspicuous, a little shorter than the mature flowers. Ovary usually glabrous.
Flowers orange-purple or yellow, subremote. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate or oblong,
acute, 5-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, oblong-
ovate or oblong, more or less prominently carinate on the back, apiculate, concave.
Petals obliquely oblong-linear to linear, obtuse or acute. Lip suborbicular-
obovate, with the margins laciniate-erose, somewhat exceeding the sepals, very
slightly constricted on each side above the middle, somewhat retuse in front;
disc with a pair of approximate, complanate-ovoid calli at the saccate base in
front of which is a low, transverse membrane. Column short, dilated in front
below.
Hudnuco: Towards Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero
(Cochero), in dry places on the ground in mountain woods, Poeppig
s.n. (type). Near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1892. — Loreto, fide
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921. Also Bolivia and
Ecuador.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 65
This description was prepared from a photograph of authentic
material in the Lindley Herbarium, from the above citations, and
from several collections referable to this species from Bolivia and
Ecuador.
Elleanthus porphyrocephalus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 49. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 104, nr. 407. 1929.
Plant caespitose, epiphytic, about 8 dm. tall. Stems simple, leafy except at
the base. Leaves lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 10-14 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide
below the middle. Racemes capitate-congested, ovoid, very densely many-
flowered, up to 5 cm. long, provided at the base with two large, concave sheaths.
Floral bracts erect-spreading, lanceolate, very acute, slightly exceeding the
flowers. Ovary furfuraceous. Flowers bright purple. Dorsal sepal ovate-
lanceolate, acute, about 1.4 cm. long. Lateral sepals equally long, obliquely
ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, with the anterior basal portion dilated
and concave, acute. Petals obliquely linear, slightly narrowed above the middle,
obtuse, somewhat exceeding the sepals. Lip pandurate, from an ovate-cucullate
base gradually narrowed to a short isthmus, then rather abruptly dilated into
a rhombic-reniform lamina with a serrate margin and retuse apex; disc above the
base with a pair of subapproximate, narrowly pyriform-cylindric or "oblong"
calli. Column slender, with the anterior surface carinate.
Piura: West side of the Cordillera east [of] Huancabamba, 2900
meters, in sclerophyllous thickets, Weberbauer 6140.
Elleanthus rhodolepis (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6:
482. 1863. Evelyna rhodolepis Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 711. 1852.
Stem simple(?), slender, rigid. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, rigid-
coriaceous. Inflorescence (in the type) a nodding spike. Floral bracts oblong,
attenuate, subacute, surpassing the flowers, rose-colored. Rachis and ovary
densely papillose. Dorsal sepal oval, acute. Lateral sepals lanceolate, acute,
concave. Petals ligulate, lunate. Lip orbicular, fimbriate-dentate at the apex,
with the entire sides involute at the base; disc with a pair of very large basal calli.
Column angulate- winged on each side toward the apex; clinandrium and rostellar
process retuse.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Warscewicz s.w., fide Reichb. f.
This concept is rather obscure, as I have been unable to secure
any record of it in addition to the original description.
Elleanthus robustus (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 474.
1862. Evelyna robusta Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 708. 1852.
Plant stout, up to over 9 dm. tall. Stem simple, leafy at least above. Leaves
lanceolate (cited as oblong), long-acuminate (cited as acute), very large, up to
about 39 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, the upper blades smaller. Inflorescence a very
compact, cylindric spike, about 18 cm. or more long, very densely many-flowered,
66 FIELDI AN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
provided at the base with 2 or 3 large, imbricating, erect spathes. Floral bracts
oblong-lanceolate, acute, imbricated, subequaling the flowers. Ovary glabrous.
Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, acute, about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely
lanceolate-oblong, curved, acute or apiculate, slightly larger than the dorsal sepal.
Petals oblanceolate-linear, acute or subacute. Lip obovate (cited as flabellate),
broadly rounded and denticulate in front, about 9.5 mm. long; disc at the concave
base with a depressed ovoid, more or less 4-lobulate callus. Column slender,
with a retuse clinandrium and bidentate rostellar process.
Huanuco: Cuchero (Cochero), N. Dehne 44 (type of Evelyna ro-
busta), Mathews s.n. (collectors' names on records from Herb. Reichb.
f. at Vienna). — Habitat not cited, Weberbauer 6246. — Cajamarca:
Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921.
This diagnosis was prepared from the descriptions, from records
from the Reichenbach Herbarium, and from a specimen reasonably
determined as E. robustus.
Elleanthus Ruizii (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 481.
1863. Evelyna Ruizii Reichb. f. Linnaea 22: 842. 1849; Reichb. f.
& Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 113. 1854.
Plant stout, up to 9.8 dm. high. Stems caespitose, simple, stout, leafy above.
Leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, up to about 30 cm. long and 10 cm. wide,
acuminate, submembranaceous, the uppermost blades relatively very small.
Inflorescence a many-flowered, dense, cylindric spike, usually elongate, up to about
13.5 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate.
Ovary sparsely muriculate. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, acute, about 7 mm. long.
Lateral sepals subequal, obliquely lanceolate-ovate, acute, with a prominent
dorsal keel. Petals obliquely linear-oblanceolate, acute, denticulate above. Lip
orbicular with denticulate margins; disc at the base with a pair of approximate,
ovoid calli concealed by a transverse semilunar fold. Column slender, from below
gradually thickened toward the middle in front; clinandrium rounded, apiculate.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n. — Hudnuco, fide
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921.
Reichenbach's descriptions and records from his herbarium, to-
gether with a photograph from the Delessert Herbarium and an
authentic specimen of E. Ruizii from the Ruiz and Pavon collection
in Madrid, furnished the data for the above diagnosis.
All of the records and examples of this species seen have their
flowers borne on the summit of rather mature ovaries which much
exceed the small, spreading bracts. The best flower which could be
examined was very imperfect. The species is closely allied to
Elleanthus hymenophorus Reichb. f.
Elleanthus Spruceanus Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5:
332. 1901.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 67
Plant tall (specimen incomplete), over 36 cm. high to the apex of the upper-
most suberect leaf. Stem rather slender for the genus, simple, leafy, the por-
tion present about 19 cm. tall up to the base of the spike. Leaves elliptic-
lanceolate to "oblong," long-acuminate, more or less attenuate at the base, up to
23 cm. long and 4 (6) cm. wide. Inflorescence more or less elongate, erect or
somewhat flexuous, densely many-flowered above, about 6-12 cm. long, sub-
tended by a narrow, elongate, foliaceous sheath. Floral bracts ovate-oblong (ob-
long, as cited), concave, slightly exceeding the flowers. Ovary obscurely furfu-
raceous. Flowers rather small, glabrous. Sepals subequal, oblong or elliptic-ob-
long, acute, the lateral ones lightly oblique, somewhat concave, 7-8 mm. long.
Petals linear-oblanceolate (cited as linear-ligulate), obtuse, somewhat oblique, a
little shorter than the sepals. Lip a little longer than the lateral sepals, obovate in
outline, very imperfect in the available specimen. Column rather short and stout,
not thickened in the middle, up to 5 mm. long.
Loreto: Near Tarapoto, Spruce s.n.
Inasmuch as this concept, represented in the Ames Herbarium
by a photograph of the type, closely resembles several other species
and has an imperfect lip, it was considered advisable not to include
it in the key.
Elleanthus strobilifer (Poepp. & Endl.) Reichb. f. Walp. Ann.
6: 483. 1863; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 328. 1901, exclude
synonymy in part. Evelyna strobilifer a Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen.
acSp. 1:32. 1836.
Plant terrestrial, stout, erect. Stems simple, leafy at least above, up to
21 dm. high, twice or three times geniculate at the summit. Leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate or ovate-oblong (very broadly), long-acuminate, rigid-chartaceous, up to
about 25 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide, upper blades often much smaller, about 5 cm.
apart. Inflorescence an oblong-cylindric, strobiliform spike, densely many-
flowered, 7-15 cm. long. Floral bracts densely imbricated, ovate-oblong to
oblong, acute, slightly surpassing the flowers. Ovary glabrous. Flowers at first
snow-white, then yellow, and finally purple according to age. Sepals lanceolate-
ovate (cited as lanceolate), acute, the lateral ones oblique, 8-9 mm. long. Petals
oblanceolate-linear, acute, a little longer than the sepals. Lip convolute about
the column, broadly spatulate-obovate when expanded, slightly emarginate at
the broadly rounded apex, denticulate-laciniate on the anterior margins; disc
at the saccate base with a closely approximate pair of large ovpid-subglobose
calli. Column slender, with a small but prominent and abrupt protuberance
in front in the middle.
Peru: Without locality, Mathews 1889 (fide Cogniaux). — Huan-
uco: Toward Cuchero (Cochero) and Cassapillo, in rocky woods or
on rather dry cliffs, forming thickets with Sobralia, Poeppig 1639
(type). Also Colombia.
This diagnosis is based on the descriptions (I.e.) and on records
of E. strobilifer from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
68 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Elleanthus virgatus (Reichb. f.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 6: 112. 1938. Sertifera virgata Reichb. f. Linnaea
41:64. 1876.
Plant slender, about 6 dm. tall. Stem with a few ascending, leafy branches.
Leaves lanceolate (cited as cuneate-oblong), acute or acuminate with a minutely
trifid apex, apparently narrowed to a short petiole, up to about 8 cm. long and
1.4 cm. wide, rather strict. Inflorescence a flexuous, very loosely few-flowered
raceme, about 7-8 cm. long. Floral bracts oblong-ovate, acute, equaling the
flowers. Flowers vermilion when dry. Sepals and petals ligulate, acute. Lip
oblong, subtrilobed, acute.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. Also Colombia.
I have seen no specimen and no floral analysis of this species.
The description was compiled with the aid of a record of Sertifera
virgata from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Elleanthus xanthocomos Reichb. f. ex Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 99:
t. 6016. 1873.
Stems approximate, slender, simple, erect, up to about 30 cm. high, leafy
above. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to about 17.7 cm.
long and 2.5 cm. wide, deep green above and paler beneath. Inflorescence a dense,
oblong-ovoid, many-flowered spike which is up to about 7.7 cm. long, suberect or
inclined. Floral bracts yellow, marked with green toward the apex; the lower ones
ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, exceeding the flowers; the upper ones shorter,
ovate, acuminate, subequaling the flowers. Ovary papillose. Flowers bright
yellow, perianth parts campanulate. Sepals ovate-oblong, subacute, obtusely
keeled on the back, about 1.3 cm. long, the lateral ones oblique. Petals oblong,
with an obtuse apicule. Lip oblong-obovate (oblong-pandurate in natural po-
sition), lightly trilobed at the apex with a transversely oblong, retuse terminal
lobe, anterior margins erose-ciliate; disc with a pair of elongate-ovoid calli ex-
tending from the base to the middle of the lip, in front of which is a transverse
line composed of two semilunar keels. Column with an angle on each side above.
Peru: Habitat not recorded (plants raised by W. W. Saunders).
— Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 124. 1921.
SOBRALIA Ruiz & Pav.
Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs, mostly tall. Stems simple. Leaves distichous,
sessile, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, rigid and more or less plicate, varying from
oblong to ovate-lanceolate or oval. Inflorescence lateral (either a loose raceme or a
branching panicle), or more commonly terminal (either capitate or racemose).
Flowers commonly large and conspicuous. Sepals narrow. Petals often broader.
Lip prominent, surrounding the column at the base, simple or more or less tri-
lobed, commonly retuse or bilobed at the apex; disc traversed by keels, toothed
crests or bristles. Column elongate, footless, often with a pair of falcate angles
at the summit. Anther incumbent, 2-celled, pollinia 8, 4 in each cell.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 69
Al. Inflorescence axillary or lateral (rarely terminal also) I
A2. Inflorescence terminal only 3
la. Petals about twice as broad as the sepals; lip cordate at the base.
S. Weberbaueriana
Ib. Petals subequal to the sepals (at most a little broader); lip cuneate or
rounded at the base (rarely subcordate in S. dichotoma) 1
la. Racemes always simple, strict, densely flowered; apical portion of the disc
of the lip without a prominent cluster of linear ligules or deeply lacerate
keels S. scopulorum (S. alstroemerioides)
Ib. Racemes usually dichotomous (paniculate), if simple, spreading and loosely
flowered; apical portion of the disc of the lip provided with a prominent
cluster of linear ligules or deeply lacerate keels 2
2a. Central keels of the lip, through the middle of the disc, entire; sepals and
petals narrowed toward the base S. dichotoma (S. Mandonii)
2b. All keels of the lip bearing long-toothed crests; sepals and petals ligulate.
S. D'Orbignyana
3a. Flowers in a simple, open raceme; rachis flexuous, with large and conspic-
uous floral bracts S, rosea
3b. Flowers solitary or several from the axils of imbricated bracts 4
4a. Flowers springing from a dense cluster or strobile of small, numerous,
distichously imbricated bracts; lip somewhat constricted on each side near
the apex S. Candida
4b. Flowers not springing from a dense cluster of small, numerous, imbricated
bracts 5
5a. Flower very small for the genus, about 2.5-3 cm. long; leaves relatively
narrow, up to 3 cm. wide S. crocea
5b. Flower large, 5 cm. or more long; leaves relatively broad, about 4 cm. or
more wide 6
6a. Anterior margin of the lip undulate, disc with 5 elevated lines not reaching
the apex; flowers entirely white S. Klotzscheana
6b. Anterior margin of the lip retuse or bilobed 7
7a. Disc of the lip covered with fleshy bristles; leaves broadly oval.
S. fimbriata
7b. Disc of the lip not covered with fleshy bristles; leaves not broadly oval . 8
8a. Lip fimbriate on the forward margin, with a line of short, entire crests
parallel to the margin; leaf produced into a long, tapering point . . S. setigera
8b. Lip crisped-undulate on the forward margin, without submarginal crests,
but traversed by 7 narrow, entire, longitudinal keels S. violacea
Sobralia amplexicaulis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et
Chil. 1:233. 1798.
Huanuco : Chinchao, abundant in clearings, Pavdn s.n.
This is an obscure taxon.
Sobralia biflora Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
1:233. 1798.
Stems clustered, loosely leaved above. Leaves elliptic, ovate-lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, up to about 20 cm. long and 8 cm.
70 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
wide. Inflorescence terminal, sessile, consisting of a few imbricated bracts, 2-flow-
ered.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, in weedy hot places, toward Chenico and
Tramo, Ruiz & Pav6n (type). — Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 121. 1921.
This species is described very briefly, the shape and measure-
ments of the leaves being taken from a photograph of the probable
type in the Madrid Herbarium. In this photograph only a remnant
of a flower is shown; and, as no description of the flowers is given,
the concept has not been included in the key.
A collection determined by Dr. R. Mansfeld as Sobralia sessilis
Lindl., bearing similar leaves and terminal inflorescences of 1 or 2
flowers, may be referable to this concept or to S. fimbriata Poepp. &
Endl. Its data are: East Peru, Tessmann 5537.
Sobralia Candida (Poepp. & Endl.) Reichb. f. Fl. des Serres 8:
247. 1853; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 341. 1901. Cyathoglottis
Candida Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 56, t. 94. 1836.
Plant slender, terrestrial or epiphytic, up to about 9 dm. tall. Stems caespi-
tose, leafless below but provided with remote, close, elongate-tubular sheaths.
Leaves about 3-6, on the upper part of the stem, distant, narrowly lanceolate or
narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, very long cuspidate-acuminate, up to about 21.5 cm.
long and 3 cm. wide, the lowermost and uppermost (at the base of the inflorescence)
commonly much smaller. Inflorescence terminal, arcuate-recurved, consisting of
a small strobile (about 2.5-3 cm. long) of numerous, appressed, densely imbri-
cated bracts. Flowers solitary or one at a time, terminal, snow-white to cream-
white, membranaceous. Sepals similar, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute,
about 2.5-3 cm. long and 5-6 mm. wide. Petals narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, very
similar to the sepals, but slightly shorter. Lip snow-white, or salmon with pink
mottling, elliptical or elliptic-oblong in outline, 2.5-3 cm. long, 10-14 mm. wide,
constricted and subtrilobed above, acute or apiculate at the broad apex. Column
dilated above, winged throughout, about 1.4-2 cm. long. Capsule linear-cylin-
dric.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Woytkowski 35535 (this collection
shows a smaller flower than typical). — Ayacucho: Aina, between
Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, in open woods, "ter-
restrial; to 3 ft. high; 5 segments cream-white; lip salmon, pink-
mottled," Killip & Smith 23137. — Huanuco: Near Pampayaco
(Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), on tree trunks, Poeppig 1637
(type). — Junin: Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1400-1700
meters, in dense forest, "epiphyte; fruit brown," Killip & Smith
24599. (While this specimen bears merely several fruits, its general
habit, leaves, and characteristic floral axis assure its identity.)
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 71
Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, in dense forest, "epiphyte;
buds greenish yellow," Killip & Smith 25574-
Sobralia crocea Reichb. f. Fl. des Serres 8: 247. 1853; Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 341. 1901. Cyathoglottis crocea Poepp.
& Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 55. 1836.
Plant epiphytic or terrestrial, slender, glabrous. Stems suffruticose, numerous,
about 3-6 dm. high when mature, loosely leaved except through the basal portion.
Leaves 3-6, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, about 7-14 cm. long,
up to 3 cm. wide, acute to short-acuminate, distichous, erect-spreading, sub-
clasping, lightly chartaceous. Flowers small for the genus, terminal, 1-3 (perhaps
more), in the axils of sheaths, fugacious. Ovary linear-cylindric, 4-angled.
Sepals similar, linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, thinly membran-
aceous, saffron-yellow to red-orange, about 2.2-3 cm. long, up to 7 mm. wide.
Petals similar to the sepals, but a little smaller. Lip somewhat shorter than the
sepals and surrounding the column in natural position, up to 2.3 cm. long and 1.2
cm. wide, oblong to oblong-elliptic when expanded, subtruncate at the apex,
undulate and crenate on the anterior margins; disc provided through the middle
with about 4 narrow keels which are somewhat dilated and coarsely dentate above.
Column shorter than the lip, about 1.3 cm. long, terminated by a pair of falcate,
retrorse lobes. Capsule about 6 cm. long at maturity.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel to Asuncion, 1800
meters, epiphyte, Vargas 5537 (flowers agglutinated). — Huanuco:
Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Cochero), rather rare,
Poeppig 1580 (type). Cierra Azul, "Vic. Estacion de Te," cut on
Pucallpa Road, 1070 meters, flowers orange with paler lip, Seibert
2250, 2251. Tingo Maria (Divisoria), 1500 meters, terrestrial on
open bluffs, flowers orange, Carpenter 102. — San Martin: On road
to Divisoria, 59 km. from Tingo Maria, on highway to Pucallpa, on
bank, 1600 meters, Allard 21290. Same data as last, 1250 meters,
Attard 21320.
In the recent collections examined, which seem to be surely
referable to this concept, the lip shows about 4 narrow keels which
are coarsely dentate above, rather than the triangular-falcate
lamellae surrounded by fleshy club-shaped warts, as described.
Sobralia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
1: 232. 1798; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Sobralia 2, no. 1. 1854; Cogn. Mar-
tius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 346. 1901. Cattleya dichotoma (as tichotoma)
Beer, Prakt. Stud. Fam. Orch. 215. 1854. S. Mandonii Reichb. f.
Xen. Orch. 2: 175, t. 175, I, fig. 1. 1873.
Plant very tall and robust, variable, up to about 6 meters in height. Stems
stout, resembling bamboo, caespitose, smooth, leafy except near the base, often
forming dense thickets. Leaves varying from narrowly lanceolate to ovate-
72 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
lanceolate, long-acuminate, plicate, rigid and chartaceous, up to 35 cm. long and
8.5 cm. wide (according to Cogniaux). Inflorescences lateral, loosely racemose or
paniculate, few- to many-flowered, arcuate and more or less spreading. Flowers
rather fleshy, commonly about 5-6 cm. long, outside white, inside violet to whitish
rose or deep red, very fragrant. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate to elliptic-
oblong, acute and mucronate, up to about 6 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Lateral
sepals a little shorter, lightly oblique. Petals often slightly broader, oblong-
spatulate to elliptic-oblong, more or less crisped on the margin. Lip in natural
position surrounding the column below and spreading above, somewhat surpassing
the sepals, ovate-subquadrate or rarely broadly obovate in outline when expanded,
subsimple to lightly 3-lobed with the broad mid-lobe bilobed at the apex; disc
traversed by numerous narrow keels, with the central ones near their apex lacerate
or cut into linear appendages which often form a prominent tuft. Column clavate,
nearly twice shorter than the lip.
Sobralia dichotoma is, according to Lindley (Fol. Orch. Sobralia
2. 1854), "the finest of the genus .... the Peruvians call it Flor
del Paraiso."
Cuzco: Valle de San Miguel, Machu-Picchu, 2000-2400 meters,
terrestrial and epiphytic, Herrera 2033. Machu-Picchu, Valle del
Urubamba, 2400 meters, Herrera 3230. Machu-Picchu, about 2100
meters, Cook & Gilbert 856. Urubamba Valley, 2200 meters,
Herrera 3498. Convention, Machu-Picchu, 2400 meters, Vargas
834- Along trail to Machu-Picchu, 2200-2400 meters, steep sunny
slopes and banks among open shrubbery, 2 meters high, roots
densely matted, stems numerous, tall, cane-like, 30-50 cm. tall,
bare to near the top, flower bright crimson-pink and very showy,
lip marked with ochraceous, West 8024- — Huanuco: Near Carpish,
2500-2800 meters, Ferreyra 1698. Prov. of Huanuco, between
Carpish and Acomayo, on road from Huanuco to Tingo Maria,
2500-2600 meters, in evergreen forest, Ferreyra 6704, 6868. Abun-
dant in open woods near Muna, Pozuzo and Chinchao, in hot rocky
places, Pavdn s.n. (type). Between Huanuco and Pampayaco
(Pampayacu), Kanehira 315 (fls. poor). Between Cuchero (Cochero)
and Cassapi (Casapi), on the rocky and bushy summit of the
Cassapillo Ridge, Poeppig 1642. [Rio] Huallaga, 1500-1600 meters,
Weberbauer 6801. The following fruiting specimens are probably
referable to this species: Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio
Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, in open woods, "terrestrial, .... stems
to 7 ft.," Kittip & Smith 22519.— Huanuco: Yanano, about 1840
meters, "precipitous sunny grassy slopes, patches, 5-8 ft. high,"
Macbride 3835. Also Colombia and Bolivia (type of S. Mandonii).
Sobralia D'Orbignyana Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2: 179. 1873;
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 394. 1906.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 73
Plant tall, rather slender, more than 4 dm. high, only the upper part present.
Leaves lanceolate from an ovate base, long-acuminate, chartaceous, up to 20 cm.
long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences axillary, either racemes or panicles, shorter
than or equaling the leaves. Floral bracts minute. Flowers white, membran-
aceous, among the smallest of the genus. Sepals and petals oblong or ligulate
with reflexed margins so that they appear linear, obtuse or acute, membranaceous,
about 2-2.3 cm. long and 4 mm. wide. Lip from a cuneate base oblong or obovate,
2 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide, obscurely 3-lobed, bilobed in front, with undulate or
crenulate margins; disc with 5-7 elevated lines bearing long-toothed crests, and
near the central sinus in front with a cushion of very numerous threads or papillae.
Column slender, about 1.5 cm. long.
Puno: Road from Sandia to Chunchusmayo, between Sandia
and Tambo Azalaya, 1500-2000 meters, in thickets, Weberbauer
1071. Also Bolivia (type).
The above description was compiled from the two references
cited.
Sobralia fimbriata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 54.
1836; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 342. 1901.
Plant epiphytic on fallen trunk, apparently caespitose. Stems several (about
3), rather stout, about 6 dm. tall, erect or arcuate, leafless below, loosely several-
leaved above. Leaves elliptic or oval, erect-spreading, acuminate, attenuate at
the base, 12-17 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide, submembranaceous or thinly chartaceous.
Floral bracts 2-3, lanceolate, acuminate. Flower terminal, rather large, solitary,
snow-white; perianth about 5 cm. long. Sepals oblanceolate-oval or oblong-
ligulate, gradually attenuate below, setaceous-mucronate, membranaceous, about
5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Petals equally long but a little narrower, ligulate,
with the margins (except below) fimbriate or laciniate. Lip narrowly obovate in
outline, with the margin deeply incised to form divaricate, undulate lobules; disc
bearded with fleshy bristles. Column almost twice shorter than the lip.
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Co-
chero), on trunks of fallen trees, Poeppig 1779 (type). — Loreto,
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 122. 1921.
This description was compiled from the above references and
from a drawing from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna. The
original description credits the plant as being very rare, collected
but once.
Sobralia Klotzscheana Reichb. f. Linnaea 22: 815. 1849.
Stem stout, probably tall (only the apical portion of 23 cm. present). Leaves
ovate-lanceolate (oblong, as described), long-acuminate, erect-spreading, up to
about 18 cm. long and 5.2 cm. wide, clasping at the base. Leaf-sheaths close,
rough. Floral bracts oblong or lanceolate, beset with minute, brown, dagger-
shaped papillae. Flower large, white, apparently campanulate and about 7-8
cm. long. Dorsal sepal not described. Lateral sepals oblong-elliptical (oblong,
74 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
as described), acute, cuneate at the base. Petals subequal. Lip elliptic-obovate
(cuneate-oblong, as described), with the broad anterior margin undulate; disc with
5 approximate, central, elevated lines not reaching the apex. Column clavate,
with 3 subequal teeth to the clinandrium.
Huanuco: Chicoplaya, Ruiz (type). — Loreto, fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 122. 1921.
The above diagnosis was taken from the very imperfect original
description, supplemented by drawings of the type from the Reichen-
bach Herbarium in Vienna.
Apparently the only character which separates this concept
from the white form of S. violacea Linden ex Lindl. is the undulate,
not bilobed, apex of the lip, which in the latter species has a yellow
blotch on the disc. In fact, the plant referred to as S. Klotzscheana
in Orch. Rev. 24: 216. 1916, is probably referable to S. violacea,
rather than to S. Klotzscheana, if indeed the two species are distinct.
Sobralia leucoxantha Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am.
68. 1866.
This species is cited as occurring in Loreto (ex Kranzlin) by
Schlechter (Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 122. 1921), but the Peruvian plant
appears to be undoubtedly referable to the white form of S. violacea
Linden ex Lindl. The Peruvian collections of S. violacea are all
described as having white and yellow flowers or white flowers with
yellow on the lip (as in S. leucoxantha), but the disc is seen to be
marked with 7 narrow, parallel keels, unlike the Central American
S. leucoxantha.
Sobralia rosea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 54, t. 93.
1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Sobralia 2, no. 3. 1854; Cogn. Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 5: 337. 1901. Sobralia Ruckeri Linden ex Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Sobralia 3. 1854, in synon.
Plant robust. Stems 1-2 meters or more high, stout, very leafy. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminate, up to 37.5
cm. long and 8.4 cm. wide, gradually diminishing upward. Inflorescence terminal,
racemose, loose, few- (up to 7-) flowered; rachis when well-developed strongly
flexuous. Bracts very large and conspicuous, distichous, complanate-ovate or
complanate-lanceolate, cymbiform, acute or acuminate, widely spreading, much
longer than the ovary. Flowers apparently successive, large and showy, cam-
panulate with the segments recurved above, about 8-10 cm. long, white tinged
with lilac, rose-lilac, or bright crimson to purple. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-
oblong, acute, about 9-11 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, lightly
oblique. Petals similar to the sepals, either narrower or broader, membranaceous.
Lip about equally long with the sepals, surrounding the column at the base,
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 75
broadly oval or narrowly obovate when expanded, emarginate at the apex with
the anterior margins more or less crisped-undulate, 8-10 cm. long, 3-5.4 cm. wide
when expanded; disc traversed in the center by about 3-5 low ridges, densely
short-pubescent or papillose at the base. Column considerably shorter than the
lip, a little thicker near the apex, 4-5 cm. high.
Amazonas : Central Cordilleras of the Andes, path from Chacha-
poyas to Moyobamba, 2700-3300 meters, Williams 7603. — Hudnuco:
Near Cuchero (Cochero), Poeppig 1076 (type). Near Cuchero
(Cochero), Mathews 1894, 1895. Near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews
359. Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Hacienda at mouth of Rio Chin-
chao, about 1070 meters, on grassy slope, 4 ft. high, Macbride 5017.
Cueva Grande, near Pozuzo, about 1070 meters, on open shrubby,
grassy slopes, Macbride 4804 (specimen in fruit). Between Carpish
and Tingo Maria, 2700-2900 meters, Ferreyra 1817— 3\mm: Colonia
Perene, about 680 meters, in dense forest, 6-12 ft. high, Killip &
Smith 24948 (specimen in fruit). — Loreto: Boqueron, Rio Yurac
Yacu, 1000 meters, terrestrial on hillside along waterfall, Seibert
2073. — San Martin: Boqueron Pass, 92 km. from Tingo Maria, on
highway to Pucallpa, 410 meters, Allard 21755. Tingo Maria, 625-
1100 meters, Allard 22567. San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, in forest,
Williams 7795. Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters,
in mountain forest, Klug 3602. Also Colombia and Ecuador.
Sobralia rosea together with S. dichotoma and S. violacea con-
stitute the most beautiful and striking members of the genus in
Peru. Lindley speaks of the inflorescence as being nearly a foot (30
cm.) long and many-flowered, but no such length of raceme or large
number of flowers appear in the collections examined. The descrip-
tion of the flower was drawn chiefly from the alcoholic material of
Macbride 5017.
Sobralia scopulorum Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2: 176, t. 175, II,
figs. 2-3. 1873. Sobralia alstroemerioides Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 43. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 102, nr. 398. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 1.2 meters high. Stems simple, strict or sub-
flexuous, sheathed at the base, rather densely leaved above. Leaves erect-
spreading, oblong or lanceolate, very acute or acuminate, very rigid, 7.5-13.5 cm.
long, 1.5-3 cm. wide. Racemes axillary, toward the upper part of the stem,
densely few- (5- to 15-) flowered. Bracts small, deltoid, much shorter than the
ovary. Flowers rather small, somewhat fleshy, about 3 cm. long, purple (in
S. alstroemerioides). Sepals ligulate, slightly narrowed below, acute or subobtuse,
about 3 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Petals cuneate-spatulate, somewhat oblique,
distinctly larger than the sepals. Lip obovate (cuneate-oblong, as described),
about 2.8-3 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, emarginate at the apex, undulate-crenulate
on the anterior margins; disc with 5 subparallel keels which are dentate or ser-
76 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
rulate toward the apex. Column slender, clavate, with a pair of lateral, falcate
auricles at the summit, about 1.6 cm. long.
Cuzco: Near Sandia, on cliffs, Weberbauer 558 (type of S. alstro-
emerioides). Prov. of Calca, Vilcabamba, 2700 meters, on rocks of
slopes, Vargas 4047. — Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 122. 1921. Also Bolivia (type of S. scopulorum).
The typical Bolivian plant is said to have a stem about 17.5 cm.
high.
Sobralia setigera Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 54. 1836;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 343. 1901.
Plant tall, robust. Stems several, erect or ascending, about 2 meters high,
loosely leaved almost to the base, finely bristly above. Leaves large, ovate-oblong
to elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminate, narrowed at the base, up to about 35 cm.
long and 7.2 cm. wide, erect-spreading, chartaceous. Inflorescence terminal,
consisting of 1 to (rarely) 3 flowers arising from a strobile of 6-8 elongate, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, setose bracts which much exceed the ovary. Perianth
campanulate, about 5-8 cm. long, snow-white, thinly membranaceous. Sepals
equally long, oblong, acute and apiculate, recurved above, 7-8 cm. long, about
1 cm. wide. Petals similar to the sepals but narrower, erect. Lip shorter than
the lateral sepals, surrounding the column, infundibuliform above, the anterior
margin being incised and fimbriate; disc with a line of numerous, short, ancipitous,
entire, yellow crests parallel to the margin. Column characteristic of the genus.
Huanuco: Cassapillo, between Cassapi (Casapi) and Cuchero
(Cochero), in rocky woods of mountain ridge, Poeppig 1665 (type).
Eastern Peru, near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews s.n.
This description was compiled from the above sources and from
drawings of the species sent from the Reichenbach Herbarium in
Vienna.
Sobralia violacea Linden ex Lindl. Orch. Linden 26, no. 133.
1846; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Sobralia 8, no. 21. 1854.
Plant terrestrial or epiphytic, up to over 12 dm. tall. Stem rather slender
for the genus, distichously leafy above, with the close, tubular leaf-sheaths verru-
cose or densely short-hairy. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, erect-spreading, long-acuminate, up to 24.7 cm. long and 6.7
cm. wide, coriaceous, plicate. Flowers terminal, large and showy, 1 to (rarely)
3 in a sessile, leafy-bracted head, campanulate, violet or (entirely in the specimens
seen from Peru) white and yellow, or white with a yellow spot on the lip (in poor
condition in the specimens examined). Sepals oblanceolate-oblong, about 6-7 cm.
long. Petals broader. Lip large, convolute about the column below, spreading
and crisped-undulate above, apparently broadly oval or rounded in outline,
traversed by 7 approximate, narrow keels. Column much shorter than the lip.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas (Central Cordilleras of the Andes),
2700-3300 meters, in rocky soil, rare, Williams 7602 (this collection
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 77
has a withered flower, but the identification is probably correct). —
Cajamarca: Prov. of Jaen, Valley of the River Tabaconas, 1700-1800
meters, Weberbauer 6272. — Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Potrero,
on slopes at 1300 meters, Vargas 1848. Prov. of Quispicanchis,
Marcapata Valley, between Chaupichaca and Mamabamba, 1500
meters, "shrubwood on stony places near the river," 1 meter high,
flower white with a yellow spot on the lip, Weberbauer 7817.—
Huanuco: Divisoria, 1500-1800 meters, flower white (agglutinated),
Ferreyra 1638. — Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Oreja Capelo, "cajando
a San Ramon," 1500 meters, flowers white, Ochoa 636. — Loreto:
Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters,
epiphyte in forest, "fls. white and pale yellow," Klug 0.4- Near
Tarapoto, Spruce, fide Orch. Rev. 40: 258. 1932.— Puno: Prov. of
Sandia, Sto. Domingo area, 1550 meters, epiphytic, McCarroll 85. —
San Martin : Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters, terres-
trial in mountain forest, "fls. white & golden-yellow," Klug 3403.
Also Venezuela (type), Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia.
Though the disc of the lip was originally described as smooth,
a fragment from Linden 615 (cited in the type description) in Herb.
Ames 20378 shows several narrow keels on the lip. This character
is also mentioned in a very illuminating account of "Sobralia
violacea alba" in Orchid Review 40: 258. 1932.
Sobralia Weberbaueriana Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 188. 1905.
Plant robust, up to 5 meters tall. Stem very leafy above with progressively
shortened and scurfy internodes. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, plicate,
coriaceous, up to 30 cm. long and 9-10 cm. wide near the base. Racemes lateral,
more or less fractiflex, few-flowered. Pedicellate ovary about 3.5 cm. long, much
exceeding the ovate-triangular bracts. Flowers large, apparently fleshy, purple.
Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, about 4.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Lateral sepals
obliquely elliptic-ovate, rather broader and shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals
broadly oblong or elliptic, nearly twice as broad as the sepals, with the margin
lightly undulate but not lobed. Lip simple, very broadly ovate, wider than
long, about 3.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide near the base when expanded, obtuse or
lightly emarginate at the apex, cordate at the base, strongly undulate on the
margins except at the very base; disc provided with a thick, sulcate protuberance
at the very base, adorned with 5 keels slightly diverging and denticulate above
and in front suddenly broken up into little plates. Column almost semicircular,
thickened at the apex.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, mountains west of Huacapistana, 2600-
3000 meters, in open humid forest intermingled with shrubs, Weber-
bauer 2076.
This diagnosis was compiled from the type description, with the
aid of a photograph of the type in the Berlin Herbarium.
78 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
WULLSCHLAEGELIA Reichb. f.
A small group of inconspicuous, leafless terrestrials recorded
from Guatemala and Honduras, through the West Indies and in
South America to southern Brazil and Paraguay.
Roots a cluster of slender, fibrous tuberoids. Stem slender, simple, provided
with very small, remote sheaths. Inflorescence racemose, few- to many-flowered,
loose to subdense. Flowers very small. Perianth parts more or less connivent.
Sepals oblong, lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate (rarely ovate-lanceolate), the
lateral ones very oblique below and extended into a prominent, more or less
elongate spur. Petals similar to the sepals, oblong to lanceolate or spatulate-
oblong. Lip uppermost, simple to (rarely) obscurely 3-lobed, longitudinally con-
cave. Column very short, stout, truncate above.
Wullschlaegelia calcarata Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 342.
1881; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 243, t. 57, fig. 2. 1895.
Plant rarely up to 5 dm. tall. Roots slender-fusiform, fascicled or sometimes
separated in verticils. Stem slender, erect, often flexuous or decumbent near the
base, finely pubescent especially above, provided with a few, remote, incon-
spicuous sheaths. Racemes few- to many-flowered, dense in immaturity, loose in
course of development. Flowers very small, white or creamy white. Perianth
segments connivent, membranaceous. Sepals short-pubescent, but not glandular.
Dorsal sepal broadly oblong, longitudinally concave, acute, 1-nerved, about 2
(1.5-2.3) mm. long. Lateral sepals about equally long, triangular-oblong, very
oblique at the base and extended into a prominent, oblong-ovoid spur about
2 mm. long. Petals obliquely spatulate-oblong, slightly broader than the dorsal
sepal. Lip about as long as the lateral sepals and entirely included by them,
broadly oblong or obovate-oblong, longitudinally concave, attenuate to rounded
and apiculate above. Column minute, stout.
Hudnuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, in forest, Asplund
13170. Also Trinidad, British Guiana, French Guiana and Brazil.
GOMPHICHIS Lindl.
Plants terrestrial, with stout, fascicled, fibrous roots. Stem simple, erect,
leafy especially near the base. Leaves elliptic to linear-oblong, the lower blades
narrowed to a petiole, the upper blades reduced to herbaceous bracts. Inflorescence
a dense (or more rarely loose) terminal spike, many-flowered. Perianth usually
deflexed from the ovary. Floral bracts membranaceous, as long as the flowers or
shorter. Sepals free, subequal. Petals narrower, often ciliate to fimbriate. Lip
uppermost, shortly clawed, concave or conduplicate, simple or 3-lobed. Column
clavate, reflexed-arcuate or sigmoid-curved, often villous; clinandrium membran-
aceous-dilated. Anther erect, 2-celled.
Al. Inflorescence loosely flowered, often very loose I
A2. Inflorescence densely flowered (at least in age), often very dense 2
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 79
la. Flowers large, sepals 11 mm. or more long; petals narrowly rhombic-
lanceolate G. Macbridei
Ib. Flowers relatively small, sepals 4.5 mm. or less long; petals not narrowly
rhombic-lanceolate 1
la. Spike about 30 cm. long; perianth 3 mm. long; petals broadly elliptic.
G. plantaginea
Ib. Spike about 16 cm. or less long; perianth 4.5 mm. long; petals obovate.
G. longiscapa
2a. Lamina of the lip oblong-ovate, provided in the anterior central half with
a conspicuous thickening, truncate-obtuse or lightly retuse at the apex
when spread out G. plantaginifolia
2b. Lamina of the lip broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, acute or obtuse 3
3a. Sepals elliptic-ovate or obovate, about 3.5-5 mm. long G. viscosa
3b. Sepals oblong or elliptic-oblong, about 7 mm. long 4
4a. Lip distinctly contracted above the middle into a broadly ligulate, fleshy
lobule; leaves cauline as well as basal G. goody eroides
4b. Lip not distinctly contracted above the middle; leaves apparently only
basal 5
5a. Plant large, about 16 dm. tall; leaves up to 25 cm. long and 2 cm. wide;
cauline sheaths distant; flowers whitish; sepals subglabrous. . .G. Koehleri
5b. Plant relatively short, about 6.6 dm. tall; leaves about 13 cm. long and
1.5 cm. wide; cauline sheaths approximate; flowers yellowish-cream-color;
sepals pilose G. Koehleri var. minor
Gomphichis goodyeroides Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 447. 1840.
Stenoptera goodyeroides Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856.
Plant 6 dm. or more tall, stout. Stem glabrous below, tomentose above.
Leaves mostly clustered near the base; basal blades oblanceolate, acute, gradually
narrowed into sheathing, imbricated petioles, about 20 cm. or more long, up to
5 cm. wide; cauline blades elliptic-lanceolate, sessile, sheathing, becoming sheath-
like. Spike very dense, many-flowered, oblong-cylindric, tomentose, up to 7.2
cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, tomentose, equaling the flowers. Flowers
greenish white. Ovary densely tomentose. Sepals more or less tomentose on the
outer surface. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse, deeply concave, about 7 mm.
long. Lateral sepals ovate-oblong, oblique, more or less acute. Petals narrowly
obovate or broadly oblanceolate, sparingly ciliolate, obtuse. Lip subequally large,
tubular-involute in natural position, ovate in outline when expanded, contracted
on each side near the apex, obtuse; disc fleshy-thickened and minutely papillose
through the center above the middle and bicallose at the base, papillose-velutinous
beneath. Column sigmoid when viewed from the side, clavate above, densely
pubescent in front in the middle.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n. (type). — Huanuco: Panao,
about 2700 meters, Macbride 3605. — Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 125. 1921. Also Ecuador.
Gomphichis Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 50. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 104, nr. 408. 1929. Gomphichis
80 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
goodyeroides Kranzl. ex Weberb. Pflanzw. Peruv. And. 251. 1911,
non Lindl.
Terrestrial, about 16 dm. tall. Stem stout, glabrous below, densely glandular-
puberulent toward the apex, with several distant, clasping, acuminate sheaths.
Leaves basal, 4, erect-spreading, ligulate, acute, up to 25 cm. long and 2 cm. wide.
Spike narrowly cylindric, very densely many-flowered, about 8-15 cm. long.
Floral bracts oval, subacuminate, about equaling the flowers. Flowers inverse
as in the genus. Ovary densely glandular-pilose. Sepals subglabrous on the outer
surface. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, obtuse, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely oblong, subobtuse. Petals obliquely oblanceolate-obovate, obtuse,
shortly ciliate except near the base and apex. Lip uppermost, ovate in outline,
cucullate, broadly obtuse at the apex and rounded at the base, with the lower
excavated half provided with 3 parallel thickened lines and the anterior half
fleshy-thickened. Column geniculate-arcuate, villous in front in the middle.
Junin: Chanchamayo, E. Koehler s.n. (type). On the mountains
west of Huacapistana, 3000-3100 meters, Weberbauer 2062.
Gomphichis Koehleri Schltr. var. minor C. Schweinf. Bot.
Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 1. 1953.
Plant stout, about 6.6 dm. high, differing from the type in much smaller
vegetative size. Leaves basal or sub-basal, 5-6, oblong-ligulate, slightly narrowed
below, up to 13 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Stem nearly concealed by about
8 tubular, acute sheaths. Raceme densely many-flowered, about 8 cm. long.
Sepals conspicuously pilose without. Flower parts closely similar to those of the
type.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Tres Cruces, 3600 meters, ter-
restrial in humus of forest glade, Vargas 2257.
Gomphichis longiscapa (Kranzl.) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 125. 1921. Cranichis longiscapa Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb.
37: 394. 1906.
Plant about 50-63 cm. tall. Stems erect, glabrous below, gradually glandular-
pilose above, with few remote sheaths of which the lower are larger and tubular-
sheathing. Leaves basal, rosulate, 3-8, elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong-oblan-
ceolate, acuminate, gradually narrowed to an indistinct petiole, about 12-36 cm.
long. Spike narrowly cylindric, loosely many-flowered, up to about 10-12 cm.
long; rachis densely pilose. Floral bracts ovate, acuminate, densely glandular-
pilose, subequaling the flowers. Ovary and outer surface of the sepals more or
less glandular-pilose. Flowers small. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong (oblong, as
cited), acute, concave, about 4.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, acute.
Petals obliquely obovate, subacute, fimbriate especially on the anterior margin.
Lip rhombic in outline, lightly 3-lobed above, deeply concave, obtuse or subacute,
broadly cuneate at the base, about equally long with the sepals, somewhat
broader than long; disc provided with a central callose line which passes into the
large, hairy, sulcate callus occupying the middle lobe. Column sharply reflexed
near the base and thus sigmoid, gradually dilated upward, very hirsute.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 81
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Hda. "Amaibamba," on open slopes,
Vargas 3629. — Puno: On road from Sandia to Chunchusmayo,
between the Tambo Yuncacoya and Ramospata, 2000-2400 meters,
on the border of a thicket, Weberbauer 1334 (type of Cranichis
longiscapa Kranzl.).
Gomphichis Macbridei C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 58, t., 1941. Figure 8.
Plant tall, stout, terrestrial, about 8.8 dm. high. Stem stout, glabrous below,
densely tomentose above, mostly concealed by strict, linear-lanceolate sheaths
with a long tubular base. Leaves basal, rosulate, 5-6, oblong-linear, acute or
short-acuminate, imbricating at the sheathing base, up to about 26 cm. long and
1.8 cm. wide. Spike elongate, loosely many-flowered, 18-19 cm. long (with the
upper portion immature in our specimen). Floral bracts triangular-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, about equaling the mature flowers. Flowers large for the genus.
Sepals and petals densely pubescent without. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate
or elliptic-lanceolate, deeply concave, subacute to obtuse, about 11 mm. long,
forming a galea with the petals. Lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate, markedly
larger than the dorsal sepal, slightly oblique. Petals narrowly rhombic-lanceolate
from an oblique base, obtuse, densely fimbriate except at the apex and near the
base, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Lip short-clawed, lightly 3-lobed near
the base, tubular-involute with the lateral lobes incurved and embracing the
column in natural position, broadly rounded or subtruncate at the apex, about
11.5 mm. long including the claw; lateral lobes semiorbicular; mid-lobe spatulate-
oblong; disc fleshy-thickened through the center. Column retrorse-arcuate or
geniculate below the middle, about 7.5 mm/long.
Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, on grassy slopes, Mac-
bride 3839.
Gomphichis plantaginea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 50.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 104, nr. 409. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, tall, up to 12 dm. high. Stem strict, slender, glandular-
pilose, with about 7 distant, acuminate, clasping sheaths. Leaves basal, 6-8,
erect-spreading, lanceolate-ligulate, acuminate, gradually a little narrowed
toward the base, 18-25 cm. long, 2.7-4 cm. wide in the middle, rather thin in
texture. Spike strict, elongate, rather laxly many-flowered, about 30 cm. long.
Floral bracts elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, commonly almost equaling the
flowers. Ovary densely glandular-pubescent. Flowers inverse as in the genus,
small. Sepals sparingly glandular-puberulent on the outer surface. Dorsal sepal
elliptic-oblong (oblong, as cited), subobtuse, concave, about 3 mm. long. Lateral
sepals similar, obliquely elliptic-oblong. Petals obliquely elliptic, subobtuse,
ciliate on each side with retrorse hairs. Lip shortly clawed, about 3 mm. long,
broadly ovate in outline; lamina suborbicular, concave at the base, abruptly
contracted to an ovate-rounded anterior lobe; disc excavated below, with an
oblong, sulcate cushion-callus extending from the middle to the apex and entirely
GOMPHICHIS
G JchureznJ.
FIG. 8. Gomphichis Macbridei C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X l/i- 2, flower with
ovary, from side, natural position; X 2. 3, lip and column from side; X 2. 4,
dorsal sepal; X 2. 5, petal; X 2. 6, lateral sepal; X 2. 7, flower, expanded; X 2.
82
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 83
concealing the anterior lobe. Column shorter than the rest of the perianth,
abruptly geniculate-reflexed near the middle, densely puberulent.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Kohler s.n.
Gomphichis plantaginifolia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 11: 217. 1944. Stenoptera plantaginea Schltr. Fedde
Repert. 10: 446. 1912; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 13, nr. 50.
1930. Gomphichis plantaginea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 10: 60.
1922, non G. plantaginea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 50. 1921.
Plant terrestrial, more or less stout, erect. Stem up to about 8.5 dm. high,
leafy (especially at the base), glabrous below, tomentose or glandular-pubescent
near the inflorescence. Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic, the basal blades
usually tapering to a long sheathing petiole (thus oblanceolate), the cauline blades
often sessile, usually acute, more or less remote above, up to about 19 cm. long
including the petiole and 2.5 cm. wide. Spike very dense, many-flowered, up to
13 cm. long, oblong-cylindric. Floral bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
commonly a little shorter than the flowers. Flowers inverse as in the genus,
ringent. Sepals densely glandular-puberulent on the outer surface. Dorsal
sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse or subacute, deeply concave, up to 7.6 mm. long.
Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-oblong, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or
rarely obtuse, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely elliptic-
spatulate, obtuse or abruptly acute, subglabrous to distinctly pubescent on the
outer surface, more or less ciliate, markedly narrower than the sepals. Lip
lightly recurved and tubular-involute in natural position, oblong-ovate in outline,
cucullate at the base which is callose-thickened on each side, narrowed to an
oblong-quadrate apex which is truncate and more or less retuse when expanded,
about 8 mm. or less long; disc much thickened through the center except at the
base and apex. Column arcuate-recurved, pubescent in front in the middle.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 2900-3000
meters, "evergreen bush-wood," flowers greenish white, Weberbauer
7569. — Cuzco : Prov. of Paucartambo, 3500 meters, perianth white and
green, Vargas 3680. "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2800-2900
meters, in thickets and at edge of forest, flowers "pale olive buff,"
Pennell 14097. Prov. of Urubamba, near Wenner Gren ruins, 3400-
3600 meters, on open grassy hillside in much fog and rain, Metcalf
30772. Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupata . . . 3200 meters, on open
grassy slope, flowers white with brown tinge, Vargas 2770. — Puno:
Prov. of Sandia, 5 km. north of Limbani, 3300 meters, on moist
shady sphagnum bank, Metcalf 30520. Also Bolivia (type of Sten-
optera plantaginea Schltr.).
Gomphichis viscosa (Reichb. f.) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih.
6: 51. 1919. Stenoptera viscosa Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 253. 1895.
84 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plant tall, up to over 10 dm. high. Stems more or less robust, glabrous below,
densely glandular-puberulent above, provided with several large, tubular, acute
sheaths. Leaves mostly basal or sub-basal, rosulate; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate
to elliptic-oblanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, gradually long-petioled at the
base, up to about 30 cm. long including the petiole and 4 cm. wide; upper leaves
remote, sessile, mostly sheath-like. Spike subdense to dense, many-flowered,
elongate, up to 23 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular to ovate-lanceolate, acute,
puberulent to villous, a little shorter than the flowers. Ovary densely villous.
Flowers small, apparently smooth on the outer surface. Sepals elliptic-ovate
to obovate, concave, 3.5-5 mm. long, more or less acute, the lateral ones oblique.
Petals obovate-oblong to obovate or elliptic, distinctly ciliate except at the apex
and base. Lip about as long as the sepals, rhombic to ovate-rhombic, slightly
broader than long when expanded, shortly clawed, acute to obtuse, concave-
conduplicate, fleshy-thickened from the middle to the apex, shortly carinate on
each side at the base, appearing more or less 3-lobed in front. Column rather
long, abruptly reflexed near the base, villous especially in front.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (type of Stenoptera
viscosa). Also Colombia, Venezuela and British Guiana.
STENOPTERA Presl
Plants commonly terrestrial. Roots fasciculate, more or less fleshy. Stem
variable, simple, dwarf or tall, sparingly leafy or adorned only with sheaths above.
Leaves crowded at the base of the stem or ascending the stem, narrowed below
or shortly petioled. Flowers either large and showy or small, either in a loose or
dense spike, or subcapitate and crowded. Sepals subequal, the lateral ones con-
nate into a tube. Petals narrower, smaller. Lip uppermost, elliptical, oblong or
spatulate, clawed, flat or concave. Column relatively long, straight or recurved
above, commonly dilated upward.
Al. Plants dwarf, up to about 5 cm. high; inflorescence an abbreviated,
subcapitate cluster S. ananassocomos
A2. Plants tall, 18 cm. or more high; inflorescence more or less elongate,
spicate I
la. Lip flat or nearly so, membranaceous; flowers commonly large and showy . 1
Ib. Lip strongly concave or tubular-involute, fleshy; flowers small 2
la. Spike commonly 4-6 cm. across; flowers scarlet or red and white, large,
sepals about 2.5 cm. or more long S. pilifera
Ib. Spike 3 cm. or less across; flowers pure white, relatively small, sepals
about 1.1 cm. or less long S. pilifera var. parviflora
2a. Floral bracts glabrous without, smooth or ciliate on the margin 3
2b. Floral bracts pubescent without, finely ciliate 4
3a. Sepals membranaceous, glabrous without; petals not ciliate. . .S. montana
3b. Sepals subfleshy, densely pubescent without; petals ciliate S. acuta
4a. Lip fleshy throughout S. peruviana
4b. Lip fleshy below, with a thinner, reflexed-spreading, undulate apical
portion 5
5a. Sepaline tube short; free portion of the lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate,
about 7 mm. or less long S. ciliaris
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 85
5b. Sepaline tube elongate; free portion of the lateral sepals oblong-oblanceo-
late when mature, about 10.5 mm. long S. laxiflora
Stenoptera acuta Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 447. 1840; Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 252, t. 59, fig. 1. 1895. Stenoptera elata
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 54. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57: t. 86, nr. 335. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, tall, up to about 1 meter high. Roots fasciculate, tuberous-
elongate. Leaves basal, 3-10, oblanceolate-ligulate to broadly oblanceolate,
acute or short-acuminate, gradually narrowed to a broad sheathing petiole (with
the bases imbricating below), up to about 42 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Stem
stout, glabrous below, sometimes sparingly pubescent above, provided with
numerous tubular sheaths of which the lower ones have a foliaceous apex. Spike
elongate-cylindric, subdensely many-flowered, up to about 30 cm. long; rachis
tomentose. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, smooth or ciliate on
the margin, the lower ones about equaling the flowers or longer. Ovary tomentose.
Flowers small, greenish, densely tomentose without. Dorsal sepal elliptic-
oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, concave, acute, with the base adnate to the
column, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate below into a short tube; free
part obliquely obovate-oblong, up to about 8 mm. long. Petals falcate, oblanceo-
late-linear, fimbriate on the upper margins, shorter than the lateral sepals. Lip
uppermost, 6-9 mm. long, adnate to the lower part of the sepaline tube, with the
middle portion strongly cucullate and fleshy-thickened, the apical portion mem-
branaceous, recurved-spreading, semiorbicular and lobulate-dentate and the
lower portion short, abruptly narrowed and callose-auriculate on each side at the
base. Column slender, dilated above, shortly tomentose, retrorsely arcuate.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 3000 meters,
"evergreen bush-wood," Weberbauer 7583. Road from Tambo above
Osno to the Apurimac, 2800-3000 meters, Weberbauer 5651 (type of
S. elata). — Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, between Tanamanche and
Quellomayo, 3400 meters, on open slopes, Vargas 4469. — Puno:
Prov. of Sandia, 2-6 km. south of Limbani, 3550-3650 meters,
"moist open moss mats," Metcalf 30438. Also Brazil (type of S.
acuta) and Bolivia.
Stenoptera ananassocomos Reichb. f. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W.
Ind. Is. 640. 1864; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 254. 1895.
Plant dwarf, epiphytic, up to 5 cm. high. Leaves basal, rosulate, small,
elliptic-obovate (rarely elliptic-oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic), up to 3 cm.
long and 1.3 cm. wide, sharply acute, cuneate-narrowed to a short-petioled base,
minutely ciliolate. Stem filiform, densely tomentose, sometimes adorned with
an elliptic-linear or lanceolate, fimbriate leaf. Inflorescence an abbreviated,
subcapitate spike in which the flowers are subtended and concealed by imbricating,
ovate to lanceolate, erose-fimbriate bracts. Flowers very small. Ovary glabrous.
Perianth segments membranaceous, 1-nerved. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate-
oblong or linear, adnate to the column, obtuse, with a few stiff hairs near the apex
86 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
on the outer surface, about 4-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a tube
at the base, free part subequal to the dorsal sepal, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-
linear, complicate-acute with a dorsal, apical, fimbriate-serrate keel and scatter-
ing stiff hairs. Petals narrowly to linear-oblanceolate, abruptly subacute. Lip
similar to the petals, linear-cuneate, abruptly subacute with inrolled margins,
adnate to the sepaline tube, about 5 mm. long. Column complanate, oblong-
cylindric, long-adnate to the sepaline tube. Anther complanate-ovoid, 2-celled.
Jimin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 533. Same
locality, 1400 meters, Schunke 1810. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke,
about 1200 meters, in moss on coffee bush, Macbride 5657. Also
Jamaica (type), Cuba, and Brazil.
Stenoptera ciliaris C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 217, t. 1. 1941. Figure 9.
Plant terrestrial, tall, up to about 7.4 dm. high. Roots fasciculate, tuberous,
lanuginose. Stem stout, more or less glabrous below, densely tomentulose above,
with a cluster of about 4 crowded leaves near the base and scattering blades or
tubular sheaths above. Leaves oval or elliptic-oblong (near the base) to oblong-
lanceolate above, abruptly acute to short-acuminate, narrowed to a sheathing
base, up to 22 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. Spike elongate-cylindric, up to 27 cm.
long, many-flowered, subdense but looser toward the base. Floral bracts ovate-
lanceolate, long-acuminate, densely tomentulose without, finely short-ciliate,
slightly shorter than the flower. Ovary and outer surface of the flower tomentose.
Flowers small, subfleshy, green or greenish white, with the lower part of the sepals
tubular-concave and the apex reflexed. Dorsal sepal basally adnate to the column,
elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, about 6 mm. long. Lateral
sepals connate with the base of the lip into a short tube; free position obliquely
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate, somewhat larger than the dorsal
sepal. Petals adnate to the sepaline tube, obliquely linear or oblanceolate-linear,
subacute. Lip uppermost, basally adnate to the sepaline tube, tubular-concave
in natural position, broadly ovate in outline when expanded, thinner above,
lobulate-undulate at the subtruncate apex, about 7.5 mm. long, bicallose at the
base. Column relatively elongate, 5 mm. long in front, retrorsely geniculate
above, densely pubescent.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, in open woods, Killip & Smith 22521 (type). Same locality,
in clearing, Killip & Smith 22615. Same locality, on open hillside,
Killip & Smith 22692.— Cuzco: Machu-Picchu, Urubamba, 2000
meters, on cliffs, Vargas 1889.
Stenoptera laxiflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 219, t. 2. 1941. Figure 10.
Plant tall, stout, apparently up to 10.6 dm. high. Stem stout, finely tomen-
tose, densely leaved below, provided with numerous, close, tubular sheaths above.
Leaves imbricating near the base of the stem, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lance-
ci Claris \G. (Secure in/.
J*
FIG. 9. Stenoptera ciliaris C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1A- 2, flower and ovary
from side, natural position; X 2^. 3, flower from front, expanded; X 2^.
4, lateral sepals and lip, natural position; X 4. 5, floral bract; X 1J^.
87
88 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
olate, acuminate, gradually narrowed below to a sheathing base, up to 21 cm. long
including the sheathing base and 3.4 cm. wide, erect-spreading, gradually diminish-
ing above into loose, tubular sheaths and finally into bracts. Spike elongate-
cylindric, loosely many-flowered, up to about 26.5 cm. long, with a densely tomen-
tose rachis. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, tomentose without,
surpassing the densely tomentose ovary but shorter than the flower. Flowers
small, "white with yellow center." Sepals tubular-concave, with a recurved apex,
tomentose without. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic, subacute, 8 mm. long, adnate
to the column below. Lateral sepals connate at the base into a tube about 7 mm.
long; free portion obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, acute, commonly distinctly
larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear or oblanceolate-linear, very abruptly
and obliquely subacute, about equaling the dorsal sepal in length. Lip uppermost,
tubular-involute with a recurved-flaring apical part in natural position, long-adnate
to the sepaline tube at the base; free portion when expanded broadly spatulate-
obovate, with the lower part concave and very fleshy and the thin anterior part
semiorbicular and lobulate, about 8.5 mm. long. Column long, slender, about
12 mm. long, retrorsely arcuate and lightly clavate above, with the posterior
surface long-adnate to the sepaline tube, tomentose in the middle in front.
Huanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Hacienda at mouth of Rio
Chinchao, about 1070 meters, Macbride 5126 (type). Cayumba,
near Tingo Maria, 800-900 meters, high tropical forest, Ferreyra
4215 (immature flowers smaller than typical).
Stenoptera montana C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 220, t. 3. 1941. Figure 11.
Plant terrestrial, rather slender, up to about 5.1 dm. tall. Roots fasciculate,
numerous, slender-tuberous. Stem glabrous, provided with about 4 tubular-
cylindric sheaths which are acute at the tip. Leaves 4-5, crowded at or near the
base of the plant, oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, gradually narrowed to
the sheathing base, up to about 15.5 cm. long including the base and 2.5 cm. wide.
Spike slender-cylindric, loosely or subdensely flowered, commonly many-flowered,
up to 12.5 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, scarious,
longer than the pubescent ovary but shorter than the flowers. Flowers small,
green, with erect lip and membranaceous, reflexed or spreading sepals and petals.
Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, basally adnate to the column,
5.2-6.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
falcate, complicate-acute, basally connate into a short tube, the free portion
being somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely oblanceolate-
linear, adnate to the column or to the sepaline tube, obliquely acute or obtuse. Lip
uppermost, fleshy, tubular-involute and narrowly elliptic in natural position,
adnate to the sepaline tube, concave-obovate when expanded, obtuse, with the
free part 8-9.5 mm. long, densely muriculate without. Column elongate, clavate
and retrorsely geniculate above, pubescent, about 6.5 mm. long in front.
Huanuco: Mito, about 2760 meters, "in Bunch-grass uplands,"
Macbride 3357.
ST&NOPTBRA
FIG. 10. Stenoptera laxiflora C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X K- 2, flower, ovary
and floral bract from side (natural position) ; X 2. 3, flower from front (expanded) ;
X 2. 4, petal; X 4. 5, floral bract; X 2.
89
STBNOPTBRA
moniana
FIG. 11. Stenoptera montana C. Schweinf. 1, plant, lower half; X K. 2,
plant, upper half; X H- 3, flower and ovary, partially expanded; X 2%. 4, lip,
showing attachment to lateral sepal; X 5. 5, petal; X 5.
90
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 91
Stenoptera peruviana Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 95, t. 14. 1827;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 253. 1895. Spiranthes macrostachya
Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 8, t. 110, figs. a-k. 1838. Stenop-
tera macrostachya Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856. Gyrostachys macro-
stachya 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 664. 1891.
Plant terrestrial, up to 6.6 dm. or more tall. Roots numerous, fascicled,
tuberous. Leaves confined to the basal and lower part of the stem with their
bases usually imbricating, narrowly lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-
lanceolate, up to about 20 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide, acute or shortly acuminate
(rarely obtuse), narrowed below to a long-sheathing base. Stem mostly shortly
and densely pubescent, adorned with several ovate, amplexicaul, membranaceous,
acuminate sheaths. Spike elongate, narrowly cylindric, lax to subdense, many-
flowered, up to 20 cm. long; rachis tomentose. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, dorsally pubescent, shorter or longer than the ovary. Ovary and
outer surface of sepals tomentose. Flowers small, white, or green and olivaceous
yellow. Sepals in natural position tubular-concave with a more or less recurved
apex. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, acute or obtuse,
1- to 3-nerved, basally adnate to the column, with the free part about 4-7 mm.
long. Lateral sepals connate into a short tube below, free part obliquely oblong-
oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, 3- to 4-nerved, larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals
oblanceolate-linear, obtuse or acute. Lip uppermost, deeply tubular-concave or
cucullate in natural position, fleshy, long-adnate to the sepaline tube, suborbicular-
obovate when expanded, with membranaceous, often denticulate margins, about
6-8 mm. long. Column slender, long-adnate to the sepaline tube, dilated and
retrorsely arcuate above, tomentose on the upper part.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavdn s.n. — Amazonas: Near Cha-
chapoyas, Mathews s.n. — Hudnuco: On mountains, Haenke s.n. (type
of Stenoptera peruviana). Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu), in woods,
Poeppig 1070 (type of Spiranthes macrostachya). — Junin: Prov. of
Cerro, Huariaca, about 3200 meters, in thicket, Asplund 11962.
Uspachaca, about 2600 meters, on very rocky slope, Macbride &
Featherstone 1312. — Loreto: Near Tarapoto, on mountains along Rio
Mayo, Spruce 4448.
Stenoptera pilifera (HBK.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 8: 185. 1940. Altensteinia pilifera HBK. Nov. Gen.
et Sp. 1: 333, t. 73. 1816. Stenoptera cardinalis Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orch. 448. 1840. Porphyrostachys pilifera Reichb. f. Xen. Orch.
1: 18. 1854.
Plant terrestrial, very variable in size, up to about 5.5 dm. tall. Roots
fasciculate, numerous, tuberous, stout. Leaves often absent or reduced to withered
remains at flowering time, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute,
gradually narrowed to a sheathing base, confined to the basal or lower part of the
stem, up to about 30 cm. long and 4.8 cm. wide. Stem stout or slender, glabrous,
adorned (and often entirely concealed) by tubular-cylindric, scarious-membran-
aceous sheaths with a free, triangular-ovate, acuminate apex. Spike showy,
92 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
thick-cylindric, several- to many-flowered, subdense or dense, up to about 14 cm.
long, 4-6 cm. across. Floral bracts cucullate-ovate, subhyaline, acuminate,
exceeding the glabrous ovary. Flowers relatively large, showy, glabrous, scarlet,
or red and white. Dorsal sepal linear-oblong or oblanceolate-linear, acuminate,
adnate to the column, about 2.5 cm. or less long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblance-
olate-oblong to oblanceolate-linear, acuminate, long-connate into a slender tube
at the base, free part up to about 3 cm. long. Petals commonly much narrower
than the sepals, narrowly oblanceolate-linear, often much twisted. Lip upper-
most, long-adnate to the sepaline tube below, oblong-oblanceolate or obovate-
oblong, acute or acuminate, long-narrowed at the base, flat or lightly concave,
subequaling the lateral sepals. Column long, slender, dilated upward, adnate to
the sepaline tube by the posterior surface, densely fine-pubescent.
Peru: Habitat not recorded (Wilkes Exped. 1838^2). Hab-
itat not recorded, Weberbauer 5387. — Huanuco: San Rafael, about
2600 meters, "river canyon slopes," Macbride 3130. — Lima: Hab-
itat not recorded, Cuming 977 (type of Stenoptera cardinalis).
Along Rio Chillon below Obrajillo, 2400-2500 meters, on open rocky
slopes, Pennell 14433. Along Rio Chillon, near Viscas, 1800-2000
meters, on open rocky slope, Pennell 14464- Near Obrajillo, along
river banks, Mathews 678. Prov. of Conte, Yaso, about 2000 meters,
Soukup 2828. Prov. of Huarochiri, above Surco, on road between
Lima and Oroya, Ferreyra 660. Prov. of Lima, in lateral valley
south of Matucana, 2400 meters, on steep rocky slopes in full
exposure, Goodspeed 33074- Matucana, about 2400 meters, "steep
loose southern shale slopes," Macbride & Featherstone 126. San
Buenaventura, 2700-2800 meters, on open rocky slope, Pennell
14507. Also Ecuador (type of Altensteinia pilifera).
Stenoptera pilifera (HBK.) C. Schweinf. var. parviflora C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 222. 1941.
Plant terrestrial, up to 3.5 dm. tall, with only the remnants of leaves present
at flowering time. Stem similar to that of the type. Spike thick-cylindric, dense,
several- to many-flowered. Floral bracts long-acuminate, the lower ones some-
what surpassing the flowers. Flowers pure white. Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic-
lanceolate, acute, about 10.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals with the free part obliquely
oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, acute, about 11 mm. long. Petals
oblanceolate-linear, subacute. Lip with the free part oblong-elliptic, subacute,
gradually narrowed below, about 10 mm. long. Column similar to that of the type.
Huanuco: Llata, on steep canyon slope, in loose, rocky soil,
about 2150 meters, Macbride & Featherstone 2301 .
ALTENSTEINIA HBK. (Aa Reichb. f.)
Plant terrestrial, arising from a cluster of fibrous roots, often low and in-
conspicuous. Stem simple, erect, adorned with sheaths, leafy at the base, leafless
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 93
or with a short, lateral rosette of leaves. Leaves, if present, ovate to narrowly
ligulate. Inflorescence a many-flowered spike which is commonly dense and often
narrow and elongate. Flowers medium-sized or usually small. Floral bracts
commonly thinly membranaceous and hyaline. Sepals and petals more or less
recurved-circinate and membranaceous. Sepals subequal, free or shortly connate
at the base, spreading or reflexed. Petals smaller, often much narrower. Lip
uppermost, sessile, flat, concave or calceiform, surrounding the column at the
base, entire or 3-lobed, commonly ciliate or fimbriate. Column short, wingless,
footless, commonly dilated above.
Al. Lip flat or nearly so when mature, elliptic-ovate to suborbicular; flowers
relatively large, lip 8.5 mm. or more long A. fimbriata
A2. Lip strongly concave or cucullate; flowers relatively small, lip commonly
6 mm. or less long I
la. Floral bracts twice or more surpassing the flowers, very conspicuous.
A. paleacea
Ib. Floral bracts little surpassing the flowers or shorter 1
la. Lip entire on the margin A. marginata
Ib. Lip denticulate to lacerate or fimbriate 2
2a. Inflorescence conic or cylindric-conic; plants commonly dwarf 3
2b. Inflorescence cylindric, often elongate 6
3a. Lip distinctly 3-lobed or with a large and conspicuous apicule 4
3b. Lip not distinctly 3-lobed 5
4a. Dorsal sepal and petals obovate to linear-spatulate; petals lacerate-
fimbriate above; mid-lobe of the lip short, semiorbicular A. nubigena
4b. Dorsal sepal and petals oblong-ligulate or linear; petals minutely serrulate
above; mid-lobe of the lip oblong-ligulate A. Weberbaueri
5a. Anterior part of the lip irregularly erose-dentate A. chiogena
5b. Anterior part of the lip lacerate or fimbriate.
A. paludosa (A. brevis, A. pumilio)
6a. Lip not truly calceolate, tubular-concave 7
6b. Lip strongly calceolate; stem often very slender 8
7a. Plant very tall, over 5 dm. high; leaves ligulate A. longispicata
7b. Plant low, about 16 cm. tall; leaves short, oblong-elliptic A. elliptica
8a. Lamina of the lip deeply 3-lobed, with the mid-lobe much smaller than the
lateral lobes; sepals ovate-triangular A. Weddelliana
8b. Lamina of the lip not distinctly 3-lobed 9
9a. Opening of the lip minutely denticulate A. calceata
9b. Opening of the lip lacerate to fimbriate 10
lOa. Plant dwarf, about 6.5 cm. tall; stem very slender, with loose, infundibuli-
form sheaths A. inaequalis
lOb. Plant taller, 15 (rarely 10) cm. or more tall; stem stout or slender, com-
monly without very loose, infundibuliform sheaths 11
lla. Petals obliquely lanceolate-triangular A. Mandonii
lib. Petals not triangular, either ovate, ligulate or oblong-oblanceolate 12
12a. Floral bracts closely erose-dentate; lip carinate through the middle.
A. erosa
12b. Floral bracts not erose-dentate; lip not carinate through the middle. . .13
94 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
13a. Petals ovate or ovate-elliptic A. Rosei
13b. Petals ligulate or oblong-oblanceolate A. Matthewsii
Altensteinia calceata Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 19. 1878.
Aa calceata Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912.
Plant terrestrial, commonly slender, 1.3-5.7 dm. tall, with a fascicle of nu-
merous tuberoids, apparently leafless at flowering time. Stem glabrous, almost
altogether concealed by imbricating, tubular, hyaline, acute or acuminate sheaths.
Spike cylindric, very densely many-flowered, up to 4.8 cm. long. Floral bracts
broadly triangular-ovate, hyaline, subequaling the flowers. Flowers minute,
white, apparently blackened in drying, mostly glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate-
oblong, obtuse, 1-nerved with the nerve vanishing below the apex, about 2 mm.
long. Lateral sepals markedly longer, obliquely oblong or ligulate, acute. Petals
oblong or linear, circinate, lightly falcate, obtuse to acute. Lip uppermost,
calceiform, suborbicular when viewed from the front, with the opening denticulate
or minutely fimbriate. Column very short and stout, with a retuse rostellum.
Hudnuco: Yanahuanca, about 3000 meters, on southern slope,
low shrub "formation," Macbride & Featherstone 1158. — Puno, fide
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921. Also Bolivia (type).
Altensteinia chiogena (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean.
Harvard Univ. 16: 2. 1953. Aa chiogena Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih.
10: 35. 1922; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 134, nr. 524. 1929.
Plant small, up to 10 cm. tall. Roots fasciculate, stout-cylindric. Leaves
radical and rosulate or fascicled on a short, separate shoot, about 4-5, elliptic
or oblong-elliptic, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed below, up to about 1.8
cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Stem altogether concealed by hyaline, imbricating,
loosely infundibuliform sheaths. Spike cylindric-conic, densely many-flowered,
up to 2.7 cm. long. Floral bracts hyaline, suborbicular-ovate, with irregular
margins, subequaling the flowers. Flowers very small, glabrous, with erect sepals.
Dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse or rounded at the apex, about 3 mm. long. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, obtuse,
more or less falcate. Lip uppermost, strongly cucullate, hemispheric-ovate,
broadly obtuse with the upper margins irregularly sharp-dentate or shortly
lacerate-fimbriate, finely papillose on the posterior surface above, with 2 remote,
small calli at the base, shorter than the sepals. Column short, dilated above, with
a triangular, bidentate rostellum.
Peru: Pinasniocj, Panticalla Pass, about 3600 meters, Cook &
Gilbert 1306. Also Bolivia (type).
The Peruvian collection is markedly larger vegetatively than
the Bolivian type.
Altensteinia elliptica C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 3, t. 2. 1951. Figure 12.
O. Ocfiureinfi.
FIG. 12. Altensteinia elliptica C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X Vs. 2, flower; X 3.
3, dorsal sepal; X 4. 4, petal; X 4. 5, lateral sepal; X 4. 6, lip, partially ex-
panded; X 4. 7, column and summit of ovary; X 8.
95
96 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plant small, about 16 cm. high. Roots fascicled, tuberous, numerous. Leaves
4-5, clustered near the base of the stem and surrounded by several imbricating
sheaths, oblong-elliptic, more or less acute, narrowed to a broad sheathing base,
up to about 8.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Stem up to the raceme about 10.5 cm.
high, entirely concealed by several loose, imbricating sheaths. Raceme densely
many-flowered, thick-cylindric. Floral bracts ovate, acute or acuminate, sparingly
ciliate, shorter than the flowers. Flowers small, whitish green, membranaceous
except the lip. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, subacute to obtuse, about 7.5 mm.
long. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, complicate-acute.
Petals equally long, obliquely oblanceolate-linear, subacute. Lip fleshy, dorsal,
tubular-concave, ovate-elliptic in natural position, about 10 mm. long and broad
when forcibly expanded, the opening being minutely erose-fimbriate. Column
clavate from a slender base, about one half as long as the lip.
Apurimac: Prov. of Grau, slopes of Seccsecka, 3850 meters,
on rocks, Vargas 5771.
Altensteinia erosa Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 51. 1878 and
Xen. Orch. 3: 28. 1881. Aa erosa Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150.
1912.
Plant about 22.5 cm. tall, apparently leafless. Stem entirely concealed by
numerous loose, tubular, imbricating, hyaline sheaths. Spike cylindric, densely
many-flowered, about 3.7 cm. long; rachis glandular-pubescent. Floral bracts
short, broadly ovate, retuse, erose-dentate, hyaline. Flowers minute, apparently
glabrous. Sepals lanceolate-ligulate, acute. Petals obliquely ligulate-oblanceolate,
with the upper margins minutely erose. Lip calceiform with an inflexed, acute
apex, carinate through the middle, with the margins of the opening lacerate-
fimbriate. Column very short and stout, with large, inflexed lobes of the clinan-
drium.
Peru: Atamasco, in Andes. — Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921.
This description was prepared with the aid of a record of this
species with floral dissections from the Reichenbach Herbarium
in Vienna.
Altensteinia fimbriata HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 333, t. 72.
1816. A. sceptrum Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 18. 1854, nomen sub-
nudum. A. boliviensis Rolfe, Mem. Torr. Bot. Cl. 4: 265. 1895.
Plant terrestrial, 2.4 to about 18 dm. tall. Stem stout, leafy or leafy-bracted
Leaves mostly clustered in a basal rosette, lanceolate-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate
or oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed to a sheathing base, up to
about 3 dm. long and 4.8 cm. wide. Spike thick-cylindric, densely many-flowered
up to about 2.2 dm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, membran-
aceous, subequaling the flowers. Flowers relatively large, whitish, greenish, or
yellowish. Sepals pubescent outside. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, acute, up to
8 mm. long. Lateral sepals elliptic-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, slightly longer
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 97
than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear to elliptic-linear or linear-cuneate, more or less
ciliate. Lip erect, flat, or nearly so, suborbicular to round-ovate, densely short-
fimbriate, rounded at the apex, more or less narrowed at the base, up to about
13 mm. long; disc commonly thickened, with a membranaceous border. Column
short, dilated above, emarginate at the apex.
Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, Quishuala, 3000 meters, Balls
6897. — Cuzco: Colinares del Taxaihuaman, 3600 meters, Herrera
3506, 3503 (small form). Prov. of Calca, below Lares, 3100-3200
meters, in open places in shrubwood, Weberbauer 7893. Machu-
Picchu, Urubamba, 2000 meters, on rocky slopes, Vargas 2052. 01-
lantaitambo, about 3000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 388. Near Rio
Quencomayo, below Colquipata, 3200-3300 meters, on rocky banks,
Pennell 13788. Valle de Santa Ana, Bues 1920, fide Herrera, Sin.
Fl. Cuzco 1: 193. 1941.— Junin: Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters,
on open hillside, Killip & Smith 24241- Huariaca, about 2900
meters, on side of shrubby canyon, in yucca hedge, Macbride 3129.
Yanahuanca, about 3000 meters, in shallow canyon soils, Macbride
& Feather stone 1225. — Lima: Rio Blanco, about 3600 meters, on
rocks along river, Macbride & Featherstone 726. Prov. of Huarochiri,
Infiernillo, about 3300 meters, on dry slope, Asplund 11338. Also
Bolivia (type of Altensteinia boliviensis) , Colombia, and Ecuador
(type of A. fimbriata).
Altensteinia inaequalis Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 19. 1878.
Aa inaequalis Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912.
Plant low, up to about 6.5 cm. high. Roots a fascicle of stout tuberoids.
Stem very slender, nearly concealed by a few loosely flaring, infundibuliform
sheaths. Spike short-cylindric, very densely many-flowered. Floral bracts trans-
versely ovate, acute, denticulate, shorter than the flowers. Flowers very small.
Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate (oblong, as cited), obtusely acute. Lateral sepals
longer, oblong-ligulate, dorsally carinate. Petals narrowly oblanceolate, oblique,
obtuse. Lip calceiform, hemispherical, with a large fimbriolate opening. Column
stout, with a retuse, triangular rostellum.
Peru: Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921.
Also Bolivia (type).
This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of records from the
Delessert Herbarium in Geneva and the Reichenbach Herbarium
in Vienna.
Altensteinia longispicata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 9: 223, t. 4. 1941. Figure 13.
Plant tall, more or less robust, up to 7.7 dm. high (base of the plant not
present in specimens seen). Stem glabrous, provided with several leaves. Leaves
98 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
ligulate, acuminate, with clasping, tubular-sheathing bases which are imbricating
near the base of the plant, up to 15 cm. or more long and 2 cm. wide. Spike
elongate, slender-cylindric, very densely many-flowered, up to 19.6 cm. long and
2 cm. in diameter. Floral bracts lanceolate-ovate, acute or acuminate, scarious,
about equaling the flowers. Ovary densely pubescent. Flowers small, with mem-
branaceous sepals and petals and subfleshy lip. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate or
elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse at the cucullate apex, about 7 mm. long, dorsally
pubescent. Lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate, oblique below, acute, slightly longer
and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-oblanceolate, irregularly trun-
cate at the apex, with fimbriate margins except near the base. Lip semiellipsoid-
cucullate in natural position, with fimbrillate margins, about 9.6 mm. long.
Column small, clavate, with a pair of short, porrect ears at the apex.
Huanuco: Llata, about 2150 meters, "among yuccas on top of
stone fence," Macbride & Featherstone 2254-
Altensteinia Mandonii Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 19. 1878.
Aa Mandonii Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912.
Plant low, up to 17.8 cm. tall. Roots a cluster of tuberoids. Leaves lacking
at flowering time. Stem slender, concealed by numerous cylindrical, acuminate,
hyaline sheaths. Spike thick-cylindric, short, densely several-flowered, about
1.5 cm. long. Floral bracts transversely triangular-ovate, hyaline, much shorter
than the flowers. Flowers rather small, with a conspicuous mentum. Dorsal sepal
ovate-oblong, obtuse, 1-nerved. Lateral sepals slightly longer, obliquely oblong-
lanceolate (ligulate, as cited), obtuse, 1-nerved. Petals obliquely oblong-triangu-
lar, 2-nerved. Lip calceiform, hemispherical, with a broad fimbriate opening.
Column very short and stout, dilated above, retuse with a pair of curved arms,
apparently extended into a foot.
Peru, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912. Also
Bolivia (type).
This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of records from the
Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
Altensteinia marginata Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 20. 1878.
Prescoltia pteristyloides Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 393. 1906.
Altensteinia pterostyloides Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921.
Plant up to 40 cm. tall. Roots a fascicle of numerous tuberoids. Stem
glabrous, leafy below, mostly concealed above by loose, often leafy, tubular
sheaths. Leaves 4-5, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
gradually narrowed below to broad, sheathing, imbricating petioles, up to about
18 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Spike long-cylindric, up to about 15 cm. long, densely
many-flowered, with a glandular-pilose rachis. Floral bracts ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, shorter than or equaling the flowers. Dorsal sepal
oblong-ovate (oblong, as cited), acute, 3-nerved, about 6 mm. long. Lateral
sepals equally long but narrower, ovate-oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 1- to 3-
nerved. Petals about equaling the sepals or longer, linear, 1-nerved, obtusely
acute. Lip uppermost, cucullate or galeate, subrhombic or ovate when expanded,
AUTENSTEINIA
FIG. 13. Altensteinia longispicata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. 2, flower:
X 2 3/2. 3, lip, expanded; X 4. 4, petal; X 4. 5, lateral sepal; X 4. 6, column
from front; X 4. 7, column from side; X 4.
99
100 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
rather fleshy, with thinner, entire margins, about 7.5 mm. long, exceeding the
other segments. Column short, dilated above.
Ancachs: Prov. of Cajatambos, near Tallenga, 3600 meters,
among herbage, especially grasses, Weberbauer 2869 (type of Pres-
cottia pteristyloides) . — Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 125. 1921. Also Bolivia (type of A. marginata}.
This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of records of the type
of A. marginata from the Reichenbach Herbarium and the Delessert
Herbarium, as well as a photograph of the type of Prescottia pteri-
styloides from the Berlin Herbarium.
Altensteinia Matthewsii Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 19. 1878.
Aa Matthewsii Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912. Aa Lechleri
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 52. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57: t. 105, nr. 411. 1929.
Plant very variable, up to about 5.5 dm. tall. Leaves absent or in a basal
rosette, usually withering in course of development, elliptic to narrowly lance-
olate-oblong, gradually narrowed to a petioled base, up to about 30 cm. long and
3 cm. wide. Stem slender or stout, usually wholly concealed by numerous tubular-
cylindric, hyaline sheaths with an infundibuliform, often reflexed apex. Spike
cylindric, densely many-flowered, up to 9.2 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular-
ovate, acute, hyaline, subequaling or slightly surpassing the flowers, usually with
a reflexed apex. Flowers very small, white or green and white. Dorsal sepal ovate-
oblong to lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, up to about 2.4 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely oblong, longer than the dorsal sepal, up to about 4.5 mm. long. Petals
narrower than the sepals, narrowly oblong-cuneate or elliptic-ligulate, commonly
irregularly denticulate above, obtuse. Lip uppermost, calceiform, more or less
fleshy-thickened below, with lacerate-fimbriate margins to the opening. Column
very short and stout, dilated above, with a retuse rostellum.
Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Hacienda Pargora, 4200 meters,
on open hillside, Killip & Smith 23302. — Cuzco: Apurimac Valley,
Herrera 3078. Prov. of Canchis, between Huantura and Combapata,
3466 meters, Vargas 5001. Prov. of Cuzco, 3520 meters, hill, on
rocky slopes, Vargas 7042. Colinas del Taxaihuaman, 3600 meters,
Herrera 3505. Kenko, 3550 meters, in clayey, stony soil, Vargas
485. Prov. of Paruro, Hacienda Ayusbamba, Pico Sullcan, 4020
meters, Vargas 878. Prov. of Paucartambo, Hacienda Churu, 3500
meters, Herrera 1040. Same locality as last, 3400 meters, Herrera
2331. Cordillera of Pachatusan, Quebrada de Oropeza, Herrera
2603, fide Herrera, Sin. Fl. Cuzco 1: 194. 1941.— Huanuco: Mito,
about 2700 meters, on grassy western slope, Macbride & Featherstone
1809. Prov. of Pachitea, Panao, bushy slope, about 2800 meters,
Asplund 13582. — Junin: Prov. of Cerro, Huariaca, about 3200
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 101
meters, in open places in bush vegetation, Asplund 11961. Paria-
huanca, Mathews 677 (type of Altensteinia Matthewsii). — Lima: Rio
Blanco, about 3600 meters, in moist soil at base of rocky ledge,
Macbride & Feather stone 698. Pinasniocj, Panticalla Pass, about
3600 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1847. — Puno: Agapata (type of Aa
Lechleri). Also Bolivia and Ecuador.
This species appears to be very variable as to vegetative size,
presence or absence of leaves, form of the petals, etc.
Altensteinia nubigena (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3:
18. 1878. Myrosmodes nubigenum Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. I: 19, t. 8,
I, II, figs. 1-10. 1854. Aa nubigena Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150.
1912.
Plant low, up to about 12.7 cm. high. Roots a cluster of unequal tuberoids.
Leaves forming a dense, rosulate cluster on a short lateral shoot; blades broadly
ovate, up to 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, narrowed to broad, imbricating, sheath-
ing bases. Stem slender, mostly or wholly concealed by loosely flaring, hyaline,
infundibuliform sheaths which are obtuse, or retuse and apiculate. Spike short,
conic or cylindric-conic when young, densely many-flowered, up to about 4 cm.
long at maturity. Floral bracts rounded, crenulate above, a little shorter than the
flowers. Flowers very small. Dorsal sepal oblong-obovate (spatulate, as cited),
rounded at the apex when expanded, adnate to the column near the base. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong-spatulate (oblong, as cited), rounded or subacute at the
apex, connate below, up to about 7.2 mm. long, surpassing the rest of the peri-
anth. Petals obliquely linear or linear-spatulate, with the upper margins sparsely
lacerate-fimbriate, adnate to the column. Lip convolute around the column in
natural position, quadrate-cuneate in outline when expanded, shallowly 3-lobed
in front with rounded infolded lateral lobes and suborbicular-ovate mid-lobe, the
anterior margins densely fimbriolate; disc bicallose at the base. Column slender,
dilated above.
Cajamarca(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
This diagnosis was based largely upon two collections from
Ecuador.
Altensteinia paleacea (HBK.) Kunth, Synops. PI. Aequin. 1:
325. 1822. Ophrys paleacea HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 334. 1816.
Aa paleacea Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 18. 1854.
Plant tall, up to 4.5 dm. high. Roots fasciculate. Leaves (when present)
forming a basal rosette, narrowly oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, gradually
narrowed to a petiolate base, the lamina being up to 16.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide.
Stem stout or slender, entirely or mostly concealed by numerous hyaline, tubular-
cylindric sheaths with an often reflexed, long-acuminate apex. Spike cylindric,
elongate, very densely many-flowered, up to about 13 cm. long. Floral bracts elon-
gate, linear-triangular, hyaline, twice or more surpassing the flowers. Flowers
102 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
very small, white (drying brown), glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to
oblong-lanceolate, subacute, up to about 3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely
oblong, subacute, longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-oblong, narrowed
near the base, obtuse, with irregular margins. Lip uppermost, calceolate, laterally
compressed, with the opening deeply lacerate-fimbriate, up to nearly 5 mm.
long. Column short, dilated above with a retuse apex.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 126. 1921.
— Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3800-3900
meters, on open grassy banks on paramo, Pennell 13838. Prov. of
Canchis, Valle del Vilcanota, Sicuani, 3550 meters, Hicken 1903,
fide Herrera, Sin. Fl. Cuzco 1: 193-4, 1941.— Junin: Prov. of Cerro,
between Cerro de Pasco and La Quinua, about 3900 meters, on
cliff, Asplund 11876. Also Ecuador (type), Colombia, and Bolivia,
fide Herrera.
Altensteinia paludosa Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 19. 1878.
Myrosmodes nubigenum Kranzl. ex Weberb. Pflanzenw. Peruv. And.
84. 1911, pro parte, non Reichb. f. in synon. Aa brevis Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 51. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57; t.
105, nr. 410. 1929. Aa paludosa Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11 : 150. 1912.
Aa pumilio Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 52. 1921; Mansf. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 57: t. 105, nr. 412. 1929.
Plant very small, up to about 7 cm. tall (rarely taller). Roots fascicled,
tuberous, often unequal. Leaves 3-5, fascicled at the summit of a short lateral
shoot, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, narrowed below to
broad, sheathing, imbricating petioles, lamina up to about 2 cm. long and 1 cm.
wide. Stem entirely concealed by loosely flaring, hyaline, imbricating sheaths of
which the upper ones are retuse at the apex. Spike conic or cylindric-conic, very
densely many-flowered, up to about 2.5 cm. long. Floral bracts transversely oval
or suborbicular, erose-dentate above, hyaline, a little shorter than the flowers.
Flowers minute, glabrous, white. Dorsal sepal ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or
subacute, adnate to the column below, up to 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals broadly
oblong, very oblique, obtuse, erect, connate near the base, longer than the dorsal
sepal. Petals obliquely oblong to linear-spatulate, obtuse to subacute, with the
upper margins more or less irregular. Lip uppermost, calceiform, hemispherical
with the two lower sides involute and the margins of the opening lacerate-dentate,
minutely bicallose at the base. Column short, stout, dilated above.
Cuzco: Cerro de Colquipata, 3900-4000 meters, on open grassy
puna, Pennell 13747. — Lima: Alpine mats near Oroya, at the end
of the Lima-Oroya Railway, 4300 meters, Weberbauer 1715 (type
of Aa brevis). High Andes above Lima, 4500-4600 meters, Weber-
bauer 5173 (type of Aa pumilio). — Puno: Prov. of Carabaya,
Fauchinta, Allinccapac, 4600 meters, wet grassland, Vargas 7160.
Also Bolivia (type of Altensteinia paludosa) and Venezuela.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 103
Altensteinia Rosei (Ames) L. 0. Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 7: 137. 1939. Aa Rosei Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
35: 81. 1922.
Plant tall, slender, up to about 4.1 dm. high, without leaves at flowering
time or with a separate cluster of several small, narrowly lanceolate or elliptic-
lanceolate, petioled blades. Roots a fascicle of numerous tuberoids. Stem entirely
concealed by numerous, imbricating, tubular-cylindric, hyaline sheaths of which
the long-acuminate apex is often reflexed. Spike cylindric, densely many-flowered,
up to about 4.5 cm. long (but immature above), with tomentose rachis. Floral
bracts ovate-triangular or triangular-lanceolate, acute, white-hyaline, with ir-
regular upper margins, about equaling the flowers. Flowers minute, crowded,
glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or acute, about 2 mm. long.
Lateral sepals oblong, very oblique, concave, more or less acute, with the upper
margins minutely erose, longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals elliptic-ovate to
elliptic-oblong, obtuse or subacute, with the upper margins irregular. Lip upper-
most, calceiform, subhemispheric, with the margin of the opening subtrilobed and
irregularly lacerate-fimbriate except near the base, with a pair of fleshy calli below.
Column very short and stout, dilated above, retuse at the apex.
Cuzco: Mr. & Mrs. J. N. Rose 19039 (type). Paucartambo
Valley, Hacienda Pfuyucalla, 3400 meters, Hen era 2976. — Puno:
Prov. of Carabaya, Valley of Antapampa-Juro Juro, 4100 meters,
on grassy slopes, Vargas 6846.
Altensteinia Weberbaueri (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 2. 1953. Altensteinia paludosa Kranzl.
ex Weberb. Pflanzenw. Peruv. And. 84. 1911, pro parte, non Reichb.
f. in synon. Aa Weberbaueri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 53. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 105, nr. 413. 1929.
Plant small, erect, 7-13 cm. tall. Roots fasciculate, fleshy. Leaves basal,
on a short lateral shoot, not fully developed at time of blooming, 4-5, rosulate,
elliptic or ovate-elliptic, acute, narrowed to a sheathing petiole, with the lamina
about 1 cm. long and 6 mm. wide. Stem glabrous, mostly concealed by 3-4 loose,
cucullate-clasping, opaque, obtuse sheaths. Spike conic, very densely 5- to 15-
flowered, up to 3 cm. long. Floral bracts opaque, suborbicular, obtuse or subacute,
almost entirely concealing the flowers. Flowers medium-sized for the genus,
glabrous. Sepals oblong-ligulate, obtuse, suberect, 6 mm. long, the lateral ones
similar, oblique. Petals obliquely linear, obtuse, with the upper margins irregu-
larly serrulate. Lip uppermost, cucullate-concave, broadly obovate in outline,
6 mm. long, with a conspicuous, incurved, obtuse, oblong-ligulate apicule or
lobule at the apex, densely fimbriate except on the basal and apical margins.
Column rather long for the genus, with an oblong, apically tridentate rostel-
lum.
Lima: Near Jauli, 4400 meters, alpine mats of the Hacienda
Arapa, Weberbauer 283.
104 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Altensteinia Weddeliana Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 19. 1878.
Aa Weddeliana Schltr. Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912.
Plant 3 dm. up to nearly 6 dm. tall. Roots fasciculate, tuberous. Leaves of
the mature plant on a separate, abbreviated, basal shoot, rosulate; blades ap-
parently cuneate-ligulate. Stem more or less slender, almost entirely concealed
by tubular-cylindric, imbricating, membranaceous, acute sheaths which waste
away in course of development. Spike cylindric, densely many-flowered, about
7-9 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular-ovate, shorter than the flowers. Flowers
very small. Sepals triangular-ovate, obtuse, the lateral ones oblique, slightly
longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals falcate-ligulate or elliptic-oblong, oblique,
obtuse. Lip uppermost, calceiform, with the margins of the opening 3-lobed and
fimbriate; lateral lobes relatively large, semiovate; mid-lobe small, ovate-suborbi-
cular. Column very short and stout, with a retuse, 3- to 5-lobed rostellum.
Peru, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. 11: 150. 1912.— Cuzco:
Valle del Urubamba, Hacienda Silque, 2750 meters, Herrera 1689,
fide Herrera, Fl. Cuzco 1: 194. 1941. Also Bolivia (type) and per-
haps Ecuador and Argentina.
This diagnosis was amplified by reference to records of the type
from the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva and the Reichenbach
Herbarium in Vienna.
PRESCOTTIA Lindl.
Terrestrial herbs, with a fascicle of tuberous (often fleshy) roots. Stem
simple, slender or stout, adorned with several tubular-cylindric sheaths. Leaves
radical and often rosulate, 1 to several, sessile or long-petioled, small or large,
membranaceous. Inflorescence a slender and usually elongate spike of numerous,
very small, inconspicuous flowers. Sepals membranaceous, connate into a short
cup at the base, spreading and often revolute above. Petals narrower. Lip upper-
most, with its base adnate to the cup formed by the lateral sepals, strongly concave-
cucullate, fleshy, biauriculate at the base, with the margins of the opening entire.
Column very short, often included by the lip.
Al. Plant large, up to 9.4 dm. tall; leaves long-petioled; flowers green or
yellowish green P. stachyodes
A2. Plant small, about 2.3 dm. or less tall; leaves subsessile; flowers white.
P. tennis
Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, sub. t. 1916.
1836 and Gen. & Sp. Orch. 454. 1840; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 4: 258, t. 61. 1895. Cranichis stachyodes Sw. Prodr. Descr. Veg.
Ind. Occ. 120. 1788. Prescottia colorans Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22: t. 1916.
1836. Prescottia petiolaris Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, sub t. 1916. 1836
and Gen. & Sp. Orch. 454. 1840. Prescottia longipetiolata Barb.
Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 177. 1877.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 105
Plant very variable, large and stout, about 3-9.4 dm. tall. Roots fasciculate,
tuberous, stout. Leaves 2 or more, basal, long-petioled; lamina broadly ovate
or oval to elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, cuneate,
rounded or subcordate below, up to 22 cm. long and 16 cm. wide; petiole elongate,
stout or slender, up to about 31.5 cm. long. Stem (including the spike) commonly
much exceeding the leaves, adorned with several loose, tubular-cylindric sheaths
with the free part triangular-acuminate. Spike elongate, very narrow, many-
flowered, dense except near the base, up to about 3.6 dm. long. Floral bracts
equaling or longer than the ovary, ovate, long-acuminate. Flowers very small,
green, rarely yellowish white. Ovary glabrous. Sepals and petals revolute-
circinate. Dorsal sepal oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, up to
about 4 mm. long when expanded. Lateral sepals triangular-oblong, oblique,
deeply connate into a cup at the base, obtuse, larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals
linear, obtuse. Lip uppermost, deeply concave-cucullate, ovoid in outline with
incurved entire margins, more or less fleshy, bearing a pair of prominent auricles
at the base, about 6 mm. or less long. Column very short and stout, produced
into a relatively long foot.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Mathews 1875 (type of P. petiolaris).
— Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, on trail from Puyupata to Sayac-
marca, 3600 meters, terrestrial in small forest, Vargas 2892. — Junin:
Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 meters, Schunke 1120. La Merced,
Hacienda Schunke, about 1200 meters, Macbride 5640. A wide-
spread species, extending from Mexico and the West Indies (type
of Cranichis stachyodes) through Central America to Brazil (type of
Prescottia colorans and P. longipetiolata) .
Prescottia tenuis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 454. 1840.
Plant small, very slender, inconspicuous, up to about 2.3 dm. tall. Roots
tuberous, fasciculate, lanuginose. Leaves basal, rosulate, oval, subsessile or only
narrowed at the base, acute, about 2.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Stem slender,
glabrous, provided with several tubular-cylindric sheaths (imbricating at the base)
with an elongate-acuminate apex. Spike slender, short, densely flowered above,
laxly flowered toward the base, about 4.2-5.8 cm. long. Flowers minute, white,
glabrous. Dorsal sepal and petals reflexed. Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, obtuse,
about 1.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals erect, similar to the dorsal sepal but a little
larger, oblique, acute, connate into a cup at the base. Petals elliptic-oblong or
oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse. Lip deeply cucullate, apparently bluntly mucronate
in natural position, lamina when expanded reniform-ovate with the inner surface
papillose, biauriculate at the base, about 1.5 mm. long. Column small, stout.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Mathews 1862 (type) .— Ayacucho :
Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1200 meters, on
open hillside, Killip & Smith 22428.— Cuzco: Huayna Picchu, 240(
meters, Scolnik 842.— Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Chinchao, on
rather dry slope, Asplund 13147.
106 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
PSEUDOCENTRUM Lindl.
Tall terrestrial herbs with stout, fibrous roots on a short rhizome. Stems
simple, more or less erect, leafy. Leaves several at the base, long-petioled, mem-
branaceous, upper blades sessile and reduced to bracts. Inflorescence a terminal,
more or less elongate, spicate raceme. Flowers very numerous, medium-sized to
rather large. Floral bracts membranaceous. Dorsal sepal lowermost in position,
free, narrow, lanceolate, incurved. Lateral sepals shorter but much broader,
connate below, transversely oblong or triangular, often produced into an elongate,
spur-like mentum. Petals linear-lanceolate. Lip uppermost, 3-lobed; lateral
lobes oblong-triangular or hastate; mid-lobe falcate-lanceolate and acuminate or
linear and channelled. Column dwarf; rostellum acuminate. Anther erect,
dorsal, 2-celled.
Al. Lateral sepals transversely broadly oblong, not produced at the base;
raceme about 8.5 cm. long P. bursarium
A2. Lateral sepals triangular, produced at the base into an elongate, linear
canal; raceme about 25 cm. long P. macrostachyum
Pseudocentrum bursarium Reichb. f. Linnaea 41: 53. 1876.
Plant suberect from a short creeping rhizome, about 32 cm. tall. Leaves
mostly congested at or near the base, long-petioled with the lower part of the
petiole dilated and sheathing; lamina elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute, up to about
6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide; cauline leaves remote, sessile, becoming sheath-like.
Raceme thick-cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 8.5 cm. long. Floral bracts
lanceolate, about equaling the rough ovary. Flowers medium-sized. Dorsal sepal
oblong-ligulate, incurved, acute, 3-nerved. Lateral sepals much larger, trans-
versely and broadly oblong, very oblique, 3-nerved, forming a galea like Aconite.
Petals linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved. Lip uppermost, 3-fid, included between the
lateral sepals; lateral lobes obliquely oblong-triangular; mid-lobe much larger,
lanceolate-falcate when viewed from the side, acuminate.
Peru: Cintoc (Cuitoc?), in damp woods, 2700 meters, flowers
greenish white, Pearce s.n.
The measurements, the description of vegetative and flower
parts, as well as the data of collection, were taken from a copy of
the dried specimen of Pseudocentrum bursarium (presumably the
type) bearing a floral analysis from the Reichenbach Herbarium in
Vienna.
Pseudocentrum macrostachyum Lindl. Journ. Linn. Soc. 3:
64. 1859.
Plant terrestrial. Vegetative parts lacking. Inflorescence a densely many-
flowered, elongate spike or spicate raceme, about 25 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceo-
late or ovate-lanceolate, surpassing the slender ovary. Dorsal sepal elliptic-
lanceolate, acute, lowermost in natural position. Lateral sepals much larger,
obliquely triangular, connate in front and produced into an elongate canal which
is slender, ascending, arcuate, and spur-like. Petals linear-lanceolate or elliptic-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 107
linear, recurved near the apex, shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip membranaceous,
sessile, 3-lobed, included between the lateral sepals; lateral lobes hastate, acute;
mid-lobe linear, channelled, included in the canal formed by the lateral sepals and
equaling it. Column dwarf, with an acuminate rostellum; anther dorsal, erect,
apiculate, 2-celled. Pollinia 4, pulveraceous.
Peru?: Valley of Lloa, Jameson s.n. Also Ecuador. While this
species has been included, with an interrogation mark, in Schlechter's
enumeration of Peruvian orchids (Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 125. 1921),
it appears doubtful if this concept occurs in Peru.
The measurements, the interpretation of floral parts, and the
data were derived from a sheet of the type of this concept (bearing
pen drawings of the flower) in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
PTERICHIS Lindl. (Acraea Lindl.)
Plants terrestrial, with a cluster of tuberous roots. Leaves (if present) basal,
few, rosulate. Stem simple, loosely sheathed. Spike loosely to subdensely few-
flowered. Flowers medium-sized, with the lateral sepals and lip uppermost.
Sepals subequal, free, with the dorsal one pendulous. Petals narrower than the
dorsal sepal, free or adnate to the dorsal sepal. Lip uppermost, sessile and sub-
adnate to the base of the column, very broad, concave, more or less 3-lobed;
lateral lobes broad, surrounding the column; mid-lobe relatively narrow, recurved.
Column very short and broad.
Al. Lip not distinctly 3-lobed, at most abruptly contracted into a narrow
termination I
A2. Lip distinctly 3-lobed with sharp sinuses 1
la. Petals unguiculate or strongly narrowed below, elliptic-lanceolate; lip
broader than long P. galeata
Ib. Petals not unguiculate below, ovate-lanceolate; lip as broad as long.
P. Weberbaueriana
la. Petals ligulate, not dilated in the middle or above; lip transversely elliptic,
without recurved angles near the base P. silvestris
Ib. Petals lanceolate or oblanceolate, distinctly dilated in the middle or above
the middle 2
2a. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, with the broadest part in the middle ... P. triloba
2b. Petals spatulate-oblanceolate, with the broadest part above the middle. .3
3a. Spike 4- to 6-flowered; sepals about 7 mm. long; petals as long as the
dorsal sepal P. leucoptera
3b. Spike 10- to 14-flowered; sepals about 10 mm. long; petals distinctly
longer than the sepals P. macroptera
Pterichis galeata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 445. 1840; C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 255. 1941. Prescottia
barbifrons Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117, p. 19. 1916.
Pterichis acuminata Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 56. 1920; Mansf.
108 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 17, nr. 61. 1929. Pterichis barbifrons
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 127. 1921.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 7 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, tuberous. Leaf
(when present) basal, solitary, petioled; lamina narrowly oblong to oblong-elliptic,
up to 6.5 cm. long and 2.1 cm. wide. Scape glandular-pilose above, provided with
several more or less distant, tubular sheaths. Spike sublaxly up to 16-flowered,
about 7-13 (rarely 20) cm. long. Floral bracts ovate to lanceolate, shorter than
or subequaling the ovary. Flower inverted, dull red, brownish red, yellow or
greenish lined with brown. Sepals glandular-tomentose without. Dorsal sepal
pendent, lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate, about 10 mm. or less long. Lateral
sepals lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, lightly oblique, acuminate, subequally long
with the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely lanceolate-elliptic, unguiculate or nar-
rowed below, with a subacute or acute apex, more or less spreading and
twisted. Lip concave-cucullate, broadly reniform-ovate when expanded, cordate
or subcordate, rather abruptly narrowed to a triangular or triangular-lanceolate,
recurved tip, more or less broader than long, densely hairy on the upper surface
especially on the terminal lobule, provided with a series of irregular glands near
the margin, up to 8.4 mm. long. Column very short, characteristic of the genus.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Mathews 1882 (type of P. galeata) —
Cuzco: Villcabamba, Hacienda on Rio Chinchao, forested slope,
about 1800 meters, Macbride 5155.— Huanuco: Playapampa, about
2700 meters, on sphagnum bank, Macbride 4895.— Piura: Cordillera
east of Huancabamba, 3300-3400 meters, in grass-steppe of slight
periodicity, with scattered evergreen shrubs, Weberbauer s.n. (type
of Prescottia barbifrons).— Cajamarca and Junin, fide Schlechter
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 127. 1921. Also Colombia (type of P.
acuminata), Venezuela, and Bolivia.
Pterichis leucoptera Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 54. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 106, nr. 414. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, up to 3 dm. tall. Leaves unknown. Scape with about 6 close
sheaths, glabrous but minutely glandular-puberulent above. Spike up to 7 cm
long, laxly 4- to 6-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, a little shorter
than the ovary. Flowers inverted. Sepals glandular-tomentose on the outer
surface, ovate, acute or acuminate, about 7 mm. long, the lateral ones oblique.
Petals free, oblong-spatulate, obtuse, lightly oblique, equally long with the dorsal
sepal. Lip cucullate-concave, reniform-semilunate when expanded, with an
abrupt, terminal, recurved, oblong lobule, much broader than long, about 7 mm.
long and 10 mm. wide; disc densely papillose, provided with numerous, irregular
warts near the margin. Column very short.
Junin: Mountains west of Huacapistana, 3100-3500 meters,
Weberbauer 2206.
Pterichis macroptera Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 55. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 106, nr. 415. 1929.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 109
Plant terrestrial, up to 6.5 dm. tall. Leaf unknown. Scape glabrate below,
minutely glandular-tomentose above, provided with several (5) remote, close
sheaths. Spike up to 15 cm. long, sublaxly 10- to 14-flowered. Floral bracts
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, a little shorter than or subequaling the ovary.
Flowers inverted. Sepals ovate to lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, about 10 mm.
long, minutely glandular-tomentose on the outer surface, the lateral ones oblique.
Petals deflexed, oblanceolate (the lower third narrowly clawed), obtuse, about
14 mm. long. Lip cucullate-concave, broadly semilunate when expanded, abruptly
narrowed to a small oblong, obtuse, apical lobe which is densely papillose, about
8 mm. long and 14 mm. wide; disc provided with several scattered, rounded
glands near the margin. Column very short, stout.
Loreto: Near Moyobamba, Filomeno s.n.
Pterichis silvestris Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 446. 1912.
Plant terrestrial, about 20-52 cm. tall. Roots thick-cylindric, glabrate.
Scape leafless, glabrous below, densely glandular-puberulent above, provided with
several remote, more or less close sheaths. Spike short, densely or sublaxly
few-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-puberulent, usually
slightly exceeding the ovary. Flowers inverted. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, glandular-puberulent without, the lateral ones oblique, 6-7 mm. long.
Petals ligulate or linear-ligulate, subobtuse, apparently somewhat surpassing the
sepals. Lip cucullate-concave, transversely broad-elliptic when expanded, dis-
tinctly 3-lobed with a small apical, reflexed lobule, about 6 mm. long including
the apical lobule and 7 mm. wide; disc papillose, with a series of small glands
near the anterior margin. Column short, dilated above.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupatamarca area (Wenner Gren
National Park), 3200 meters, on open grassy slope, flower brown-red,
Vargas 2753. Also Bolivia (type). The Peruvian collection is much
higher than the type plant, the spike is rather loose, and the sepals
are somewhat longer.
Pterichis triloba (Lindl.) Schltr. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 45: 389.
1911; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 255. 1941.
Acraea triloba Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 386. 1845. Pteri-
chis seleniglossa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 42. 1921; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 76, nr. 295. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, very variable, about 12-77 cm. high. Roots fasciculate,
fusiform-cylindric. Leaf (when present) solitary or rarely 2, basal, petioled;
lamina oblong-elliptic, acute or subacute, gradually narrowed below, up to about
14.5 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide. Scape glabrous or sparingly glandular-tomentose
below, densely so above, provided with several close, distant sheaths. Spike lax to
subdense, up to 20-flowered, 14 cm. or less long. Floral bracts ovate to lanceolate-
ovate, glandular-pubescent, usually more or less shorter than the ovary. Flowers
inverted, yellow, brownish yellow, or yellow-green lined with purple. Sepals
glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal pendent, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate, 8.5-13.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate to
110 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals lin-
ear-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, oblique, acute or acuminate, about equally long
with the dorsal sepal. Lip cucullate-concave, sharply 3-lobed, when expanded
reniform-lunate from a more or less rounded base, 6-8.6 mm. long, 9-14 mm.
wide; lateral lobes semilunate, with a retrorse, rounded termination on each side;
mid-lobe reflexed, usually markedly smaller, ovate, oblong-ovate or triangular-
ovate, acute to rounded at the tip; disc pubescent, provided on each side near
the margins with more or less numerous glands. Column short, stout.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Hartweg s.n. (type of Acraea triloba).
— Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Hacienda Pargora, 4150 meters,
on open hillside, Killip & Smith 22204- — Cuzco: Paso de Tres
Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3400-3900 meters, on open grassy
slopes, Pennell 13889. — Huanuco: Mito, about 2760 meters, north-
eastern slope in deep grasses, Macbride & Feather stone 1494 (flowers
small). Same locality and altitude, on steep grassy slope, Macbride
3420. — Lima: Along Rio Chillon, above Obrajillo, on rocky bank at
river cascades, 3100-3300 meters, Pennell 14427 (flowers large).—
Puno: Prov. of Sandia, near Limbani, 3200-3450 meters, in moist,
mossy mat on granite boulder (plant about one third buried),
Metcalf 30478. Also Ecuador (type of P. seleniglossa) .
Pterichis Weberbaueriana Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37:
391. 1906.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 4 dm. tall. Roots tuberous, stout, fascicled.
Leaf solitary, long-petioled; lamina more or less narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute
or acuminate, 9 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide; petiole slender, about equally long with
the lamina. Scape glandular-pilose throughout, provided with a few remote
sheaths. Spike very loosely few- to several- (about 12-) flowered. Floral bracts
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, equaling the ovary. Sepals and petals greenish
brown, lip dull yellow striped with brown. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, suddenly
contracted above, acuminate, about 7 mm. long, the lateral ones oblique. Petals
obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, equally long with the sepals or a little
longer. Lip concave-cucullate in natural position, broadly cordate when expanded,
narrowed into a solid, thickly fleshy, reflexed apex, 7-8 mm. long and wide; disc
papillose, adorned near the margin with 2 series of large glands. Column abbre-
viated.
Cajamarca: Above Hacienda La Tabena near Hualgayoc, 3400-
3700 meters, in dense, frequently closed formation of herbs mingled
with shrubs and grasses, Weberbauer 4012.
CRANICHIS Sw.
Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs, erect, often with a short or creeping rhizome.
Roots often fascicled. Leaves commonly radical and rosulate, broad, spreading,
membranaceous, sessile or petiolate. Scape simple, slender, sometimes tall, pro-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 111
vided with a few distant, tubular sheaths or reduced leaf-blades. Flowers small,
loose or crowded, spicate. Floral bracts short and inconspicuous. Flowers in-
verted, with the lateral sepals and lip uppermost. Sepals free, subequal, the
dorsal one pendent, the lateral ones oblique. Petals commonly narrow, free,
spreading. Lip uppermost, more or less concave, sometimes saccate at the base,
sessile or clawed, usually simple. Column short or very short, with a large
rostellum.
Al. Petals distinctly ciliate, densely or sparingly so I
A2. Petals not ciliate 1
la. Lip obovate when expanded, broadly rounded in front C. ciliata
Ib. Lip ovate when expanded, narrowed toward the apex C. Wageneri
la. Lip distinctly 3-lobed at the apex, deeply saccate at the base.
C. pycnantha
Ib. Lip entire, concave throughout 2
2a. Sepals obovate-oblong; petals ovate-oblong, acute C. multiflora
2b. Sepals oblong-elliptic, oblong-ovate or ovate-oval; petals oblong to
spatulate-obovate, rounded to subacute at the apex 3
3a. Petioles much longer than the blades; upper part of the stem, rachis, and
ovaries glandular-pubescent C. longipetiolata
3b. Petioles subequaling or shorter than the blades; entire plant glabrous. . .4
4a. Petals oblong to elliptic-linear, not markedly broader toward the apex.
C. muscosa
4b. Petals cuneate-spatulate to spatulate-obovate, distinctly broader near
the apex 5
5a. Lateral sepals about 5 mm. or more long, ovate to oblong-ovate; petals
cuneate-spatulate C. calva
5b. Lateral sepals about 3.9 mm. long, oval-ovate; petals spatulate-obovate.
C. calva var. Vargasii
Cranichis calva (Kranzl.) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 128.
1921. Ponthieva calva Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117,
p. 20. 1916.
Plant epiphytic, about 14-27 cm. or more high. Roots fasciculate, stout-
fibrous, more or less elongate. Leaves basal, 1 or 2, long-petioled, very unequal in
size; blade oblong-elliptic (oblong-lanceolate, as cited), short-acuminate, cuneate
below, up to 18 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide; petiole slender, up to 8 cm. or more
long. Inflorescence slightly surpassing the leaf; peduncle below the raceme
smooth, provided with 1 or 2 remote, loose, foliaceous sheaths. Raceme spicate,
thick-cylindric, loose to subdense, many-flowered, about 5-9 cm. long. Floral
bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about half as long as the glabrous, slender
ovary. Flowers glabrous, small, white, the lip veined with purple or maroon.
Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse, up to 5.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely
ovate, subacute, as long as the dorsal sepal but much wider. Petals cuneate-
spatulate, obtuse, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip uppermost, semiovate and
concave-conduplicate when viewed from the side, with a slightly recurved, broadly
obtuse apex, 5-5.5 mm. long, very broadly ovate if expanded. Column short,
clavate, laterally winged above.
112 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, Pomocochas in Quebrada Chido,
southwest of village, common in mountain rain-forest at 2400 meters,
Hodge 6137. — Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Vilcabamba, 2600 meters, in
openings in forest in humus, Vargas 4057. (This collection is
vegetatively large with very young buds.) — Piura: Prov. of Huan-
cabamba, on the western slopes of the Cordillera east of Huanca-
bamba, above Hacienda Chantaco (5° 10 '-5° 20' S. Br.) in "Hart-
laubgebiisch," consisting of shrubs and trees, 2500 meters, Weber-
bauer 6314- (type of Ponthieva calvd).
This concept appears to be closely allied to C. multiflora (Poepp.
& Endl.) Cogn., and may prove to be conspecific.
Cranichis calva (Kranzl.) Schltr. var. Vargasii C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 4. 1951.
Plant about 31 cm. tall, smooth throughout. Leaves mostly basal, 1 or 2,
petioled; lamina obliquely elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, broadly cuneate
below, up to 9 cm. long and 3.6 cm. wide. Peduncle up to the raceme 20 cm. high,
adorned below with 2 remote, small, elliptic leaves and with a smaller narrow
bract. Raceme about 10 cm. long, rather densely many-flowered. Flowers
whitish yellow, somewhat smaller than in the typical plant. Dorsal sepal lanceo-
late-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, about 3.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely
oval-ovate, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals spatulate-obovate,
broadly rounded at the apex, distinctly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip similar
to that of the type, about 3.5-3.8 mm. long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc
2200 meters, in humus of dense forest, Vargas 2558.
Cranichis cilia ta (HBK.) Kunth, Syn. PI. Aequin. 1: 324. 1822.
Ophrys ciliata HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 334, t. 74. 1816. C. Man-
donii Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 10: 38. 1922; Mansf. Fedde Repert.
Beih. 57: t. 135. nr. 529. 1929.
Plant variable, up to over 6 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, tuberous. Leaves
1 to several, usually basal, often cauline as well; basal leaves long-petioled; blade
ovate or elliptic to oval, rarely up to 17 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, more or less
oblique, acute or acuminate, cuneate to rounded or lightly cordate at the base,
glabrous; cauline leaves (when present) much smaller, sessile. Peduncle up to the
raceme glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above, provided with a few,
remote, tubular sheaths. Raceme cylindric, subdensely many-flowered, up to
16.5 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than to (more rarely)
subequaling the ovary. Flowers very small, green or brown, often with white
markings (rarely yellowish), inverted with the lip uppermost. Dorsal sepal elliptic,
obtuse or subacute, concave, up to 4 (rarely 5.5) mm. long. Lateral sepals ob-
liquely elliptic-ovate, subacute, a little shorter but more or less broader than the
dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear or oblanceolate-ligulate, ciliate (usually
markedly so), obtuse, shorter than the sepals. Lip concave-conduplicate when
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 113
viewed from the side, about 3.6 (rarely 4.6) mm. long, broadly obovate when
expanded, rounded-obtuse or bluntly apiculate, with conspicuous, raised, reticulate
veins. Column of the genus.
Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, about
1500 meters, terrestrial in densely forested valley, Killip & Smith
22361 . Prov. of La Mar, between Tambo and the Apurimac, below
Yanamonte, 2600-2700 meters, Weberbauer 5W-— Cuzco: "Pilla-
huata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2200-2400 meters, in forest, Pennell
13979. Prov. of Urubamba, forests of Tuncapata, 2800 meters, in
shady forest, Vargas 2649. Prov. of Urubamba, Huinaihuaina,
in humus of forest, 2550 meters, Vargas 4102. — Huanuco: Cani,
7 miles northeast of Mito, "in debris of stream-wood clearing,"
about 2600 meters, Macbride 3388. Huacachi, near Muna, about
2000 meters, in forest, Macbride 4118. Mito, about 2700
meters, "in humus, eastern thicket-edge . . . 'Yapcha/ " Macbride
& Feather stone 1711. Muna, about 2100 meters, on mossy rock,
Macbride 3930. Muna, about 2100 meters, "on floor of small dry
wood," Macbride 4045. — Junin: Carpapata, above Huacapistana,
2700-3200 meters, terrestrial in edge of forest, Killip & Smith
24415, 24439. Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters, terrestrial in
thickets and open woods, Killip & Smith 24216. Huariaca, about
2900 meters, on side of shrubby canyon, in dense shade, Macbride
3109. Also Mexico and Central America, Colombia, Venezuela (type
of Ophrys ciliata), Ecuador, and Bolivia (type of C. Mandonii).
Cranichis longipetiolata C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc. Bull.
21:268, t., 1952. Figure 14.
Plant tall for the genus, about 3.9 dm. or less high. Roots fasciculate, slender-
tuberous, lanuginose. Leaves basal, 1-2, long-petioled; lamina elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, oblique, acute, cuneate at the base, 8-11 cm. long, up to 4.3 cm. wide;
petiole slender, channelled, up to 17.7 cm. long. Scape more or less surpassing
the leaves, glabrous below, finely pubescent above, racemose at the apex, with 3-5
inconspicuous, remote sheaths, up to 39 cm. long. Raceme densely many-flowered,
up to 5 cm. long with the apical flowers not developed. Flowers very small, white,
with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, acute, concave, about 3.9
mm. long. Lateral sepals oval-ovate, acute or subacute, slightly shorter and
broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse, more or less
oblique or curved, shorter than the sepals. Lip deeply concave in natural position,
suborbicular when expanded, more or less cuneate below, about 3 mm. long and
3.2 mm. wide; disc with 3 prominent nerves which are transversely anastomosing.
Column very short and stout, with fleshy lateral wings.
Piura: Prov. of Huancabamba, Canchaque, 1400-1600 meters,
Ferreyra 3120.
FIG. 14. Cranichis longipetiolata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X Y^- 2, flower,
expanded (oblique view); X 9. 3, lip, spread out, from above; X 9. 4, petal;
X 9. 5,. dorsal sepal; X 9. 6, lateral sepal; X 9.
114
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 115
Cranichis multiflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 4: 248. 1895. Ponthieva multiflora Poepp. & Endl. Nov.
Gen. ac Sp. 2: 16, t. 123. 1838. Cranichis foliosa Lindl. Gen. & Sp.
Orch. 451. 1840.
Plant up to 6 dm. tall, entirely glabrous. Roots fascicled. Leaves mostly at
or near the base; lower leaves petioled; lamina oblanceolate-elliptic, acute, up to
18 cm. long and about 5 cm. wide, gradually narrowed at the base; petiole chan-
nelled, 7-10 cm. long. Cauline leaves similar but much smaller, sessile and long-
sheathing. Scape above with 1 or more infundibuliform sheaths. Raceme
elongate-cylindric, subdensely many-flowered, about 11-15 cm. long. Floral
bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than the ovary. Flowers very
small, white, glabrous. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong (oblong, as cited), obtuse,
about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, but somewhat larger throughout,
oblique, acute. Petals obliquely oblong-ovate, acute, as long as the dorsal
sepal but broader. Lip concave-cymbiform when viewed from the side, 2.5-3 mm.
long, oval when expanded, obtuse, verrucose within. Column of the genus.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on Cerro de S. Cristobal,
on fallen trunks of old trees, Poeppig 1 724 (type of Ponthieva multi-
flora and Cranichis foliosa).
Cranichis muscosa Sw. Prodr. Descr. Veget. Ind. Occ. 120.
1788; Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 1: 32. 1910.
Plant terrestrial, variable, about 9.5- (rarely) 75 cm. tall. Roots fasciculate,
fibrous, lanuginose. Leaves of two kinds. Basal leaves much the largest, rosulate,
2 to several, distinctly petioled; blade elliptic to oval or broadly ovate, acute or
rarely short-acuminate, broadly cuneate to subcordate at the base, rarely up to
13.5 cm. long and 7.2 cm. wide; petiole slender or stout, channelled, up to 9.5 cm.
long. Cauline leaves much reduced, commonly round-ovate, remote. Raceme
spicate, several- to many-flowered, loose to rather dense, about 1.5- (rarely) 21 cm.
long. Flowers very small, white, sometimes tinged with pink, lip often dotted
with green or dark purple. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, obtuse, about 2.6-4 mm.
long. Lateral sepals broadly semiovate or obliquely ovate, obtuse to acute, more
or less larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblong, linear-oblong or obliquely
elliptic-linear, glabrous. Lip sessile, concave, suborbicular to oblong-suborbicular
when expanded, broadly obtuse to subacute, with 2 lateral longitudinal folds,
3-nerved with short transverse branches, about 3-4 mm. long. Column minute.
Cuzco: Camino "Ccochayoc" to "Mercedes," 900 meters, Bues
s.n. — Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, terrestrial on
shady shore of river, Asplund 12976. — Junin: Chanchamayo Valley,
1500 meters, Schunke 1652. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon,
1400-1700 meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 24879.
Florida (U.S.A.), West Indies (type), and Mexico, to Panama and
Colombia.
Cranichis pycnantha Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 62. 1920;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 19, nr. 71. 1929. C. Koehleri
116 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 55. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57: t. 106, nr. 416. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, very variable in size, about 1.4-5.6 dm. tall. Roots fascicu-
late, slender-tuberous. Leaves basal as well as cauline, largest near the base and
gradually diminishing upward, elliptic to lanceolate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate,
sessile or short-petioled with a sheathing base, the largest ones about 2 to 16 cm.
long and up to 2.3 cm. wide, acute or subacute, cuneate-narrowed below. Stem
glabrous below, finely pubescent above. Inflorescence spicate-racemose, about
2.5-21.5 cm. long, densely many-flowered, often lax at the base. Floral bracts
lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than or subequaling (rarely exceeding) the ovary.
Flowers very small, white, pubescent without. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, obtuse
or subacute, concave, 2-3.25 mm. long. Lateral sepals ovate or broadly ovate,
larger than the dorsal sepal, oblique, obtuse or subacute. Petals ligulate-oblong,
obtuse, somewhat narrowed near the base, equaling or somewhat exceeding the
dorsal sepal. Lip concave-conduplicate, about as long as the dorsal sepal, saccate
at the base, 3-lobed above; lateral lobes semiobovate with a short, rounded, free
portion, surrounding the column in natural position; mid-lobe much smaller,
semiorbicular, broadly ovate or transversely oval, obtuse or subacute. Column
minute.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, terrestrial in open woods, Killip & Smith 22531. — Cuzco:
Prov. of Convention, upper valley of Rio Sambray, western affluent
of the Vilcanota, about 1750 meters, terrestrial along forest trail,
Mexia 8062. Urubamba Valley, Machu-Picchu, about 1600 meters,
Balls 6811. Machu-Picchu, on wooded slope, Hunnewell 15.942.
Urubamba Valley, San Miguel, about 1800 meters, Cook & Gilbert
922. Prov. of Urubamba, Sta. Rita, on road to Tuncapata, 2000
meters, Vargas 2679a. Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel, 1500
meters, on border of slope, Vargas 7285. — Huanuco: Pozuzo, about
600 meters, on steep banks, Macbride 4711. Cueva Grande near
Pozuzo, about 1000 meters, on shaded slope, Macbride 4808. — Junin :
Huacapistana, 1800-2400 meters, terrestrial in thickets and open
woods, Killip & Smith 24189. Near La Merced, Kohler s.n. (type
of C. Koehleri). Pichis Trail, Dos de Mayo, 1700-1900 meters, in
dense forest, Killip & Smith 25879. Pichis Trail, Porvenir, 1500-
1900 meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25896. Pichis
Trail, Yapas, 1350-1600 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith
25443. — Loreto: Boqueron del Padre Abad, on road between Huan-
uco and Pucallpa, 400-500 meters, in forest, Ferreyra 1124- Prov. of
Coronel, Portillo, Divisoria, 1500-1600 meters, in dense evergreen
forest, Ferreyra 2226. Also Colombia and Ecuador (type of C.
pycnanthd) .
Cranichis Wageneri Reichb. f . Linnaea 41 : 19. 1876. Cranichis
pilosa Fawcett & Rendle, Journ. Bot. 47: 265. 1909; Fl. Jam. 1: 33,
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 117
t. 5, figs. 1-3. 1910. Cranichis Viereckii Ames, Sched. Orch. 7:1.
1924.
Plant terrestrial, slender, variable, 1.4-3 dm. high. Roots fibrous, fasciculate.
Leaves basal, 1 or 2, very unequal, distinctly petioled; lamina ovate, oblong-ovate
or elliptic-ovate, up to 11.7 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, rounded
or subcordate at the base; petiole relatively short, slender, channelled, up to 3
(rarely 6) cm. long. Stem glabrous below, finely pubescent above, provided with
4-6 remote, close, tubular sheaths. Racemes short-cylindric, sublaxly to densely
few- to many-flowered. Floral bracts ovate to lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate,
shorter than to subequaling the glabrous ovary. Flowers small, glabrous, white,
green or brown, sometimes tinged with pink. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-ovate to
elliptic-lanceolate, concave, acute or usually acuminate, about 4 mm. or less long.
Lateral sepals very similar, oblique. Petals slightly shorter, linear or linear-
lanceolate, provided with long hairs on the margin. Lip ovate or triangular-ovate,
more or less acuminate, deeply concave, about 3.5 mm. or less long, 3-nerved with
the lateral nerves transversely branching. Column of the genus; rostellum rather
long-rostrate.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22750. (Plant
vegetatively small.) Also Mexico and Central America (where often
abnormal), the West Indies (type of C. pilosa), Colombia (type of
C. Viereckii), and Venezuela (type of C. Wageneri).
BASKERVILLA Lindl.
Terrestrial or epiphytic herbs with fasciculate, fibrous roots. Stem simple,
with a few leaves at or near the base. Leaves conspicuously petioled; lamina
elliptic to obovate-oblong or oblanceolate, cuneate below. Flowers very small, in a
densely many-flowered, spicate raceme. Sepals spreading, free. Petals narrow,
spreading, adnate to the base of the column. Lip uppermost, concave-cucullate,
ovate when expanded, with a short, subglobose sac at the base. Column short,
clavate, with a bilobed appendage at the base in front; anther stipitate, 2-celled.
Baskervilla assurgens Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 505. 1840.
Plant medium-sized, 16-31 cm. high, glabrous. Leaves clustered near the base,
prominently petioled, erect-spreading, a little shorter than the inflorescence;
lamina oblanceolate, oblong-obovate or elliptic, acute or acuminate, more or less
gradually narrowed below, up to about 14 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. Peduncle up to
the raceme more or less concealed by about 3 loose, tubular, acute sheaths.
Raceme cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 6-12 cm. long. Floral bracts
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, about equaling the flowers.
Flowers very small, white. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, concave, acute, about
5 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequal, very oblique. Petals lanceolate-linear,
obtuse, a little shorter than the sepals, adnate to the column near its base. Lip
uppermost, deeply concave and slightly shorter than the sepals in natural position,
ovate when expanded, obtuse, about 5 mm. long, extended at the base into a short,
subglobose sac. Column clavate, winged on each side above, provided at the base
in front with a bilobed appendage.
118 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1888 (type). — Cuzco:
Prov. of Paucartambo, Kosnipata Santa Isabel, 1320 meters,
epiphyte, Vargas 5470. — Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 128. 1921.
PONTHIEVA R. Br.
Plants terrestrial or very rarely epiphytic, glabrous or pilose, with fascicled,
usually lanuginose roots. Leaves radical or subradical, ovate, elliptic or lanceolate,
membranaceous. Scape more or less elongate, with sublax, terminal racemes.
Flowers small to medium-sized, inverted, with the lateral sepals and lip uppermost.
All the sepals free from the column; the lateral sepals often larger, oblique and
sometimes more or less connate. Petals usually strongly asymmetric, adnate
to the column and inserted on it. Lip sessile or commonly distinctly clawed, with
the claw adnate to the column and the lamina abruptly spreading from it, often
very small. Column short or long, dilated above.
Plants extending from Virginia (U.S.A.) through the American
tropics to Argentina.
Al. Leaves distinctly long-pilose or villous I
A2. Leaves glabrous 3
la. Lip sharply 3-lobed at the apex, with acute sinuses P. villosa
Ib. Lip not sharply 3-lobed, at most with broad, rounded sinuses 1
la. Lamina of the lip distinctly and abruptly unguiculate with a prominent
free claw P. chuquiribambae
Ib. Lamina of the lip sessile or very indistinctly clawed 2
2a. Lip when expanded obovate or subquadrate-obovate, very obscurely
trilobulate at the broad apex; scape much exceeding the leaves . .P. similis
2b. Lip when expanded rhombic-lanceolate or rhombic-oblanceolate.
P. inaudita
3a. Lip oblong in outline, sessile at the base, with a prominent callus near
the apex P. diptera
3b. Lip not oblong in outline, prominently clawed; lamina ovate, obovate or
subquadrate, without a callus near the apex 4
4a. Petals linear-spatulate, more or less symmetrical P. Sprucei
4b. Petals obliquely triangular or ovate-triangular, with a distinct claw .... 5
5a. Lip subtrilobed, without sharp sinuses P. Mandonii
5b. Lip sharply trilobed, with sharp and often re-entrant sinuses 6
6a. Claw of the lip terminating in a pair of linear, fleshy horns . . P. bicornuta
6b. Claw of the lip without a pair of linear horns 7
7a. Petals and lip attached to the column near its base; lip long-clawed,
without calli at the apex of the claw P. Weberbaueri
7b. Petals and usually lip attached to the column near its middle or above;
lip short-clawed, commonly with a subconical, cucullate callus at the apex
of the claw 8
8a. Plant small and slender, usually 12 cm. or less (very rarely up to 17 cm.)
high; lip small, lamina about 2.8 mm. long, with the outer margins straight
or nearly so P. oligoneura
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 119
8b. Plant medium-sized to large, 15-30 cm. (very rarely 12 cm.) high; lip
larger, lamina 3-4 mm. long, with the outer margins strongly curved. . .9
9a. Claw and lamina of the lip horizontally spreading from the column or
ascending; base of the lamina abruptly cordate P. lilacina
9b. Claw and basal part of the lamina of the lip U-shaped and upcurved
(when seen from the side); base of the lamina rounded to subtruncate.
P. montana (P. venusta)
Ponthieva bicornuta C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 5, t. 3. 1951. Figure 15.
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized for the genus, about 4.8 dm. or less high.
Roots fibrous, lanuginose. Leaves 3 or 4, mostly near the base and rosulate; basal
leaves 3, oblong-elliptic to narrowly obovate, acute or short-acuminate, below
narrowed to more or less distinct, basally imbricating petioles, about 18 cm. or less
long including the petiole, 1.2-3.2 cm. wide; upper leaf much smaller, lanceolate-
elliptic, sessile. Peduncle up to the raceme glabrous below, sparingly glandular-
pubescent above, provided with 3-5 remote, close sheaths. Raceme loosely many-
flowered, the densely glandular-pubescent rachis 14-20 cm. long. Floral bracts
ovate-lanceolate, clasping, much shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers
nearly glabrous, white with outer surface of the sepals green and green lines on
the petals. Dorsal sepal elliptic, subacute, about 6.3 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely oblong-ovate, obtuse, broadly rounded on the anterior margin, a little
longer and much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the lower third
of the column, oblong-semihastate or triangular ovate, obtuse, with a narrow
cuneate claw, about as long and broad as the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the
lower third of the column in front by a stout claw which is semicircular when
viewed from the side, erect and parallel to the column; claw mostly occupied by
a complanate, semiorbicular callus terminated by a pair of linear, spreading,
recurved horns; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position, ovate-sub-
quadrate when expanded, subcordate at the base, sharply 3-lobed in front with
a small, suborbicular-obovate, concave middle lobule, about 4.8 mm. long and
4 mm. wide. Column stout, about 4 mm. high.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2400 meters, in highland
dwarf forest, Woytkowski 35457.
Ponthieva chuquiribambae (Kranzl.) A. & S. Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 4: 38. 1936. Pleurothallis Chuquiribambae
Kranzl. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 44: 327. 1930.
Plant low, caespitose, up to about 1.3 dm. tall, densely villous throughout.
Leaves basal, rosulate, up to 7, elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute to
acuminate, cuneate below, up to about 9.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Scape
(with inflorescence) more or less exceeding the leaves, with one small leaf in the
middle. Raceme laxly few- to several-flowered. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate, lightly concave, up to 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an
ovate, shortly bidentate lamina, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals
adnate to the apex of the column, shortly clawed, very oblique, narrowly semi-
lanceolate or elongate-dolabriform, obtuse. Lip very small, about 1.5 mm. long,
PONTHIEVA
FIG. 15. Ponthieva bicornuta C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X H- 2, flower, ex-
panded; X 3. 3, column and lip from side, natural position; X 3. 4, lateral
sepal; X 3H-
120
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 121
adnate to the summit of the column in front, with an abrupt oblong claw; lamina
broadly triangular, lightly 3-lobed. Column very small.
Chuquiribamba?, 3690 meters, Lehmann s.n.?
Ponthieva diptera Linden & Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 278. 1854.
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized to large, up to about 9.5 dm. tall. Roots more
or less fasciculate, coarsely fibrous, numerous, lanuginose. Leaves clustered at
or near the base, 3 to 8, long-petioled; lamina ovate or ovate-lanceolate to elliptic,
acute or acuminate, more or less cuneate below, often oblique, up to 13 cm. long
and 5.7 cm. wide; petiole channelled, dilated and sheathing in the basal portion,
up to 11 cm. long. Scape strict, very sparingly pilose below and more so above,
provided with about 3 distant, tubular sheaths of which the lowest is foliaceous.
Raceme loosely several- to many-flowered (the immature apical portion very
dense), about 7-25 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
dorsally pubescent, much shorter than the densely pubescent, pedicellate ovary.
Flowers carmine and yellow. Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, about 8.6 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-obovate,
acute, a little longer and much wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the
apex of the column, from a distinct claw gradually dilated into a transversely
oblong, oblique blade. Lip adnate to the apex of the column in front, very small,
about 3 mm. long, narrowly oblong in outline, obtuse, longitudinally concave,
with an erect, obtuse angle on either side of the callose base and with a conspicuous,
transverse callus near the decurved apical part. Column slender, about half as
long as the sepals.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, "bosques de Tuncapata (Sta. Rita),"
2800 meters, in humus of dense forest, Vargas 2652. Also
Colombia (type) and Cuba.
Ponthieva inaudita Reichb. f. Linnaea 41: 18. 1876. P. micro-
glossa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 56. 1921; Mansf . Fedde Repert.
Beih. 57: t. 106, nr. 417. 1929; non P. microglossa Schltr. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 7: 64. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 20,
nr. 74. 1929. P. Koehleri Mansf. Fedde Repert. 28: 93. 1930.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, densely villous throughout except for the
flowers. Leaves basal, rosulate, 3 or 4, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate,
acuminate, gradually narrowed into a petioled base; lamina up to about 19 cm.
long and 3.2 cm. wide; petiole short, channelled, sheathing at the base. Scape
shorter than the leaves or surpassing them and up to 35 cm. long in course of
development. Raceme up to about 16 cm. long at maturity, loosely few- to many-
flowered. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, about 1.5 cm. or less
long. Lateral sepals connate into a broadly ovate or suborbicular, concave,
shortly bidentate lamina which is slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but much
broader. Petals inserted near the apex of the column by a long slender claw;
lamina obliquely oblong-triangular or semihastate (often narrowly so), obtuse,
with the lower margin near the claw extended into a pair of short horns or lobules.
Lip very small, subsessile, inserted above the middle of the column, rhombic-
122 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
lanceolate, acute, concave-conduplicate, with a cucullate callus at the base, about
4.5 mm. or less long. Column short, slender.
Peru: Habitat not cited, Warscewicz s.n. (type of Ponthieva
inaudita; description from part of raceme only). — Huanuco: Huaca-
chi, near Mufia, about 2000 meters, on shaded slope, Macbride 4137.
— Junin: Near La Merced, Kohler s.n. (type of Ponthieva micro-
glossa) .
Ponthieva lilacina C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 224, t. 5, figs. 1-4. 1941. Figure 16.
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized. Roots fascicled, slender-tuberous, lanu-
ginose. Leaves clustered at or near the base, 2-4, petioled; lamina oval to oblong-
elliptic or broadly oblanceolate, acute to short-acuminate, more or less gradually
narrowed below, up to 12 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; petioles up to about 5.5 cm.
long, channelled, imbricating at the base. Scape slender, about 22 cm. or less tall,
finely glandular-pubescent above and sometimes near the base also, provided with
one small leaf near the base and with 2-3 remote, tubular sheaths above. Raceme
few- to several-flowered, up to about 9 cm. long, very loose in the course of de-
velopment. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, half as long as the elongate
pedicellate ovary or less. Flowers rather small, lilac, with spreading segments.
Sepals lightly glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal elliptic or ovate-elliptic,
acute, about 7 mm. long. Lateral sepals broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, oblique,
obtuse, about as long as the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals adnate to the
upper part of the column, conspicuously clawed; lamina very obliquely oblong-
triangular or semihastate, obtuse to subacute, shorter than the sepals, more or less
cellular-ciliate on the lateral margins. Lip clawed; claw short, spreading from the
column at a right angle, with a pair of erect triangular calli at the apex; lamina
conduplicate, about 3 mm. long, sharply 3-lobed in front, deeply cordate at the
base, when expanded semiorbicular and up to 4 mm. wide; lateral lobes broad
and semiobovate; mid-lobe small, ovate-oblong. Column very short, abruptly
much dilated above.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Sahuayaco, 900 meters,
Vargas 1819. Prov. of Quispicanchis, Marcapata Valley, 1700-1800
meters, in "evergreen hard-leaved bushwood consisting of trees and
shrubs in the shadow," Weberbauer 7842 (type).
Ponthieva Mandonii Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 18. 1878; Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 272, t. 66, fig. 2. 1895.
Plant small or medium-sized, slender, up to 2.5 dm. tall. Leaves basal, rosu-
late, glabrous, 6 or less, spreading, shortly or very shortly petioled; lamina elliptic
to oblong-elliptic, acute, more or less narrowed below, rarely up to 6 cm. long
and 2.5 cm. wide. Scape glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above,
provided with few (1-3) remote tubular sheaths. Raceme loosely few- to several-
flowered, short, rarely up to 8 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate
(oblong, as cited), less than half as long as the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small,
white, with the ovary and sepals (especially the lateral ones) densely glandular-
PONTHIEVA
li-facina
FIG. 16. Ponthieva lilacina C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1. 2, flower from front,
expanded; X 23^. 3, column and lip from side, natural position; X 5. 4, lip with
claw from front, expanded; X 7^. P. similis C. Schweinf. 5, flower from front,
expanded; X 1^- 6, column and lip from side, natural position; X 5. 7, lip,
expanded; X 5.
123
124 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
tomentose without. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic (ligulate, as
cited), acute or acuminate, about 6-7 mm. long. Lateral sepals free, ovate to
ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate (oblong, as cited), acute or obtuse, lightly ob-
lique, about as long as the dorsal sepal but distinctly broader. Petals adnate to
the upper part of the column, long and slenderly clawed, subequaling the sepals;
lamina very obliquely oblong-triangular, rounded or obtuse at the apex, with the
outer margin concave and more or less irregular. Lip small, adnate to about the
middle of the column, shortly clawed, up to 5 mm. long; lamina concave-condu-
plicate in natural position, when expanded ovate, subtrilobed above, obtuse, with
a transverse, triangular, cucullate callus at the base. Column short, dilated
above.
Cuzco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 128. 1921. Also
Bolivia (type) and Argentina.
Ponthieva montana Lindl. Benth. PL Hartw. 155. 1845;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 271, t. 66, fig. 1. 1895. Ponthieva
venusta Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 57. 1921; Mansf. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 57: t. 107, nr. 419. 1929.
Plant medium-sized, up to 3 dm. tall. Leaves chiefly basal and rosulate,
glabrous, 2-5 at the base, tapering to a short or long petiole; lamina oval, elliptic
or elliptic-oblong, acute, abruptly or gradually cuneate at the base, rarely up to 9
cm. long and 4 cm. wide; petioles channelled, sheathing and imbricating at the base,
up to 4.5 (rarely 10.5) cm. long. Scape slender to stout, glabrous below, glandular-
pubescent above, with 3-5 small, distant sheaths of which the lowermost is often
developed into a small sessile leaf. Raceme loosely few- to many-flowered, up to
12 cm. long, often nodding at the apex. Flowers small or rather small, white, often
veined or spotted with green or brown. Sepals glandular-pubescent without.
Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, obtuse to acuminate, up to 7.6
(rarely 10) mm. long. Lateral sepals free, lanceolate-ovate to broadly ovate,
oblique, obtuse to acute, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal and much broader.
Petals adnate to the upper part of the column, short- or long-clawed, about
equally long with the dorsal sepal; lamina very obliquely triangular or ovate-
triangular, acute to obtuse. Lip adnate to the middle or upper half of the column,
shortly clawed, lightly sigmoid in profile, about 5 mm. or less long; lamina concave-
conduplicate, when expanded round-obovate in outline, usually with 2 small calli
at the base, abruptly 3-lobed at the apex, with rounded or semiobovate lateral
lobes and oblong-ovate to linear-oblong, obtuse mid-lobe. Column more or less
short, dilated above.
Cajamarca: Cajabamba, near the bridge over Rio Lulichuco,
2600-2700 meters, Ferreyra 3046. — Cuzco: Prov. of Convention,
Machu-Picchu, 2400 meters, Vargas 821. Prov. of Urubamba,
Sta. Rita, on road to Tuncapata, 2000 meters, Vargas 2679, 2682.
Sandia, 2100-2300 meters, Weberbauer 529 (type of P. venusta,
a large-flowered form). — Huanuco: Maria del Valle, about 2100
meters, on moist, sparsely shrubby slope, Macbride 3552. Mito,
about 2700 meters, on moist, rocky arid shrubby slope, Macbride
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 125
3269. — Junin: Huariaca, on shrubby side of canyon in sunny yucca
hedges, about 2900 meters, Macbride 3120. — La Libertad: Prov. of
Otuzco, Camino a Paranday (Sinsicap), 2600 meters, Lopez 1050.
— Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 128. 1921.— Eastern
Peru: On mountains along Rio Mayo and on the ascent of Mt.
Guayrapurina, in low woods among dead leaves, Spruce 4578, fide
Cogniaux. Also Bolivia and Ecuador (type of P. montana).
Ponthieva oligoneura Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 57. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 107, nr. 418. 1929.
Plant small and slender, 7.5-17 cm. tall. Leaves mostly basal and rosulate,
up to 6; basal leaves gradually narrowed to short, channelled petioles which are
dilated and imbricating below; lamina oblong-elliptic or lanceolate (oblanceolate-
elliptic, as cited), acute or short-acuminate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, up to 1.4 cm. wide.
Scape provided with several remote, very small leaves or foliaceous bracts, glabrous
below, finely glandular-pubescent above. Raceme loosely 3- to 12-flowered, about
1.5-7 cm. long. Flowers small, white. Sepals glabrous or sparingly glandular-
puberulent without. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate (narrowly oblong, as cited),
obtuse, 5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals free, obliquely ovate, obtuse or subacute,
slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals attached to the
upper part of the column by a rather long claw; lamina very obliquely triangular
or triangular-semiovate, obtuse. Lip attached to the upper portion of the column,
shortly clawed, 3-4 mm. long; lamina concave-conduplicate, subquadrate or
subquadrate-obovate and 2.8-3 mm. wide when expanded, abruptly 3-lobed in
front with a small, ovate-oblong, rounded mid-lobe, at the base with a conical,
cucullate, apically bilobed callus. Column short, much dilated above.
Amazonas: In the vicinity of the Inca Fortress Halca near
Cuelap, south of Chachapoyas, 2800 meters, Weberbauer 4314 (type).
— Junin: Rio Paucartambo Valley, near Perene Bridge, 700 meters,
on moist rocks in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25258.
Ponthieva similis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 226, t. 5, figs. 5-7. 1941. Figure 16.
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized to large, up to about 4.5 dm. tall. Roots
fasciculate, slender-tuberous, lanuginose. Leaves chiefly basal and rosulate, up
to 9, long-petioled ; lamina elliptic, sharply acuminate, gradually narrowed below,
densely pilose on both surfaces, up to about 9.5 cm. long and 3.1 cm. wide; petioles
channelled, dilated and imbricating near the base, up to 6 cm. long. Scape densely
pilose throughout, provided below with 1 small leaf and above with 2 or 3 remote
sheaths. Raceme short, about 8.2 cm. or less long, loosely or rather loosely several-
to many-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, pilose, much shorter than
the pedicellate ovary. Flowers white, marked with green, brown, and pink. Sepals
sparsely long-pilose without. Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate
with an acute apex, about 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a suborbicular,
concave, shortly bidentate lamina which is slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal
but much wider. Petals adnate to the upper part of the column, rather long-
126 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
clawed, much shorter than the dorsal sepal; lamina very obliquely oblong-ovate or
semiovate, obtuse. Lip very small, sessile, adnate to about the middle of the
column, concave-conduplicate, about 4-4.5 mm. long, at the base with a prominent
porrect, bilobed, cucullate callus, when forcibly expanded broadly obovate or
subquadrate-obovate with a broad, indistinct terminal lobule. Column very
short, stout, abruptly dilated above.
Huanuco: Cani, about 7 miles northeast of Mito, about 2600
meters, in "decayed leaves of dense stream-wood floor," Macbride
8395.
Ponthieva Sprucei Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 274, t. 66,
fig. 3. 1895.
Plant small, slender, up to 13 cm. tall (rarely the scape up to 20 cm. long),
erect or arcuate above, often stoloniferous. Leaves mostly basal and rosulate, up
to 6, more or less petioled; lamina oblong-elliptic, abruptly acute or apiculate,
cuneate below, glabrous, up to 3 cm. long and 9 mm. wide; petioles very short, up to
1.5 cm. long, dilated at the imbricating base. Scape glabrous near the base, more
or less glandular-puberulent above, provided above with several small leaves or
foliaceous bracts. Raceme loosely few- to many- (25) flowered, up to about 13
cm. long (immature buds at the summit). Floral bracts ovate, acuminate, sub-
equaling the pedicellate ovary. Flowers very small, white, glabrous. Dorsal
sepal oblanceolate-oblong, acute or subacute, up to 5 mm. long. Lateral sepals
lanceolate-elliptic, obtuse or subacute, slightly longer and conspicuously wider
than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the basal part of the column, more or less
obliquely linear-spatulate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, distinctly shorter than
or subequaling the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the column at its base, long-
clawed, up to 4 mm. long; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position,
subquadrate-ovate in outline, about 2 mm. wide when expanded, abruptly 3-lobed
in front with a small, ovate-oblong, apically rounded mid-lobe. Column relatively
elongate, dilated above, up to 4.6 mm. long.
Loreto: Near Tarapoto, in rocky places in the mountains,
Spruce 3936 (type). — San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Rio Cai-
narachi, tributary of Rio Huallaga, about 230 meters, in forest,
King 2644-
Ponthieva villosa Lindl. Benth. PL Hartw. 155. 1845.
Plant up to about 18 cm. high. Leaves basal, rosulate, about 4, narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate, entirely villous, acuminate, gradually narrowed to a short
petiole; lamina up to about 16.5 cm. long and 2.1 cm. wide. Scape slender, shorter
than the leaves. Raceme loosely few-flowered. Floral bracts ovate, much shorter
than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers relatively large, about 9 mm. long. Dorsal
sepal elliptic-lanceolate, concave, acute. Lateral sepals similar, elliptic, apparently
free or nearly so. Petals inserted by a short slender claw to the apical part of the
column, very oblique, semilanceolate, broadly obtuse. Lip very small, sessile or
subsessile on the upper part of the column, concave-conduplicate in natural posi-
tion, obovate-oblong when expanded, sharply 3-lobed at the apex with short
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 127
rounded lobes; disc at the base with a fleshy callus produced into 2 short diverging
keels. Column rather short, with a prominent rostellum.
Junin: Habitat not recorded, ex Kranzlin, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 129. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
I have examined a record of the type from the Lindley Herbar-
ium at Kew.
Ponthieva Weberbaueri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 58.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 107, nr. 420. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, low to medium-sized, about 12-29 cm. high. Roots fascicu-
late, slender-tuberous, tomentose. Leaves basal, rosulate, commonly 3 to 4,
glabrous, more or less petioled; lamina elliptic to oval (rarely oblong-elliptic),
acute or short-acuminate, cuneate below, 2.5-9 cm. long, up to 4 cm. wide; petiole
slender or stout, channelled, up to 4 cm. long. Scape slender, glandular-puberulent
especially above, provided with 2-6 small, remote, tubular sheaths of which the
lowest is sometimes produced into a small sessile blade. Raceme loosely few- (3)
to many- (26) flowered, up to 10.5 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate or
elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, much shorter than the elongate pedicellate
ovary. Flowers small, white or green and white. Sepals pilose without. Dorsal
sepal lanceolate-elliptic, obtuse to acute, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals free,
obliquely ovate, obtuse to acuminate, about as long as the dorsal sepal but much
wider. Petals subequaling the dorsal sepal, adnate to the base of the column by
an elongate claw which is gradually dilated above; lamina very obliquely ovate-
triangular, obtuse, with the outer margin more or less irregular. Lip adnate to the
column near the base or below the middle by a long, channelled, upcurved claw,
about 4-4.5 mm. long; lamina concave-conduplicate in natural position, broadly
ovate in outline when expanded, subcordate at the base, deeply 3-lobed in front,
ecallose; lateral lobes relatively large, rounded-dolabriform, obtuse; mid-lobe
oblong-spatulate or oblong, rounded at the apex. Column rather long, dilated
above, about 3-3.5 mm. high.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, terrestrial in open woods, Killip & Smith 22559. Ccarrapa,
between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1000 meters, terrestrial on
wooded hillside, Killip & Smith 22488. — Cuzco: On side wall of the
Apurimac Valley, terrestrial on the grass steppe, 2000 meters,
Weberbauer 5882 (type). — Huanuco: Cueva Grande, near Pozuzo,
about 1000 meters, on shaded bank, Macbride 4807. — Junin: Along
Rio Perene, near "Hacienda 3," Colonia Perene, about 600 meters,
terrestrial in forest, Killip & Smith 25214-
BUCHTIENIA Schltr.
A monotypic genus of large terrestrials, apparently confined to the Andean
regions of Bolivia and Peru. Plant tall, up to 15 dm. high, arising from a fascicle
of elongate, tuberous, lanuginose roots. Leaves several, basal, long-petioled;
128 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
lamina oval, elliptic or oblong-obovate, acute, subcordate to long-narrowed at the
base. Scape basal, much surpassing the leaves; peduncle with several remote,
close, long-tubular sheaths, glabrous below, brown-pilose above; raceme elongate,
subdensely many-flowered. Flowers rather small, subfleshy, with widely spreading
sepals. Dorsal sepal uppermost, lanceolate, acuminate, concave, recurved above.
Lateral sepals recurved, obliquely and narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate.
Petals agglutinated to the dorsal sepal, obliquely lanceolate. Lip shorter than the
other perianth-segments, from a subquadrate, callose-margined claw, abruptly
3-lobed. Column short, footless.
Buchtienia boliviensis Schltr. Fedde Repert. 27: 34. 1929;
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 2. 1953.
Plant terrestrial, tall, stout, up to 15 dm. high in the type. Leaves 4 or
5, basal, long-petioled, about 49.5 cm. or less long; petiole stout, channelled;
lamina oval, elliptic or oblong-obovate, acute, long-cuneate to subcordate at the
base, up to 23.5 cm. long and 13 cm. wide. Scape much exceeding the leaves, strict,
about 12 dm. or more tall; peduncle mostly glabrous, with remote, close, long-
tubular sheaths; raceme elongate, narrow, subdensely many-flowered, up to 60
cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, the lower ones equaling or
exceeding the flowers. Flowers rather small, rose-colored or greenish. Dorsal
sepal lanceolate, long-acuminate, concave, with the upper portion recurved, about
10 mm. long when extended. Lateral sepals narrowly lanceolate, very long-
acuminate, longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals very obliquely
elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate, lightly connate with, and much shorter than,
the dorsal sepal. Lip much shorter than the sepals, recurved with erect sides in
natural position, up to about 7.7 mm. long and 6 mm. wide when expanded, from
a subquadrate claw with a pair of basal calli, abruptly dilated into a 3-lobed
lamina, with obliquely subquadrate-ovate, obtuse lateral lobes and a triangular-
ovate, acute mid-lobe. Column very short, footless, abruptly dilated above.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, between Mistiana and Keros,
700 meters, terrestrial in dense shady forest, Vargas 7381. Also
Bolivia (type).
SPIRANTHES L. C. Rich.
(Brachystele Schltr., Coccineorchis Schltr., Cyclopogon Presl,
Synassa Lindl.)
A large, variable and complicated group of plants cosmopolitan in distribution,
but mostly limited to the New World. Species commonly terrestrial (rarely
epiphytic), with a cluster of tuberous roots which are usually much thickened and
pubescent. Scapes short or tall, slender or stout, provided with one or more
cauline sheaths, smooth or commonly more or less pubescent above. Leaves
either absent at flowering time, or usually basal and rosulate, and often cauline
as well. Inflorescence consisting of terminal spikes or racemes, few- to many-
flowered, loose or dense, secund to quaquaversal. Flowers very small to relatively
large, glabrous or pubescent without. Dorsal sepal narrow. Petals more or less
adherent to the dorsal sepal. Lateral sepals oblique at the base, often more or
less decurrent on the ovary (together with the column), sometimes connate below
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 129
and more or less saccate or produced into a spur at the base. Lip sessile or ungui-
culate, simple to 3-lobed. Column nearly footless or produced into a distinct
foot. Anther dorsal, sessile or stipitate.
For the sake of convenience in this puzzling group, the more or
less distinct and often highly confused genera Pelexia, Sarcoglottis,
and Stenorrhynchus are included in the genus Spiranthes, and the
"generic" distinctions are relegated to subgeneric categories in the
following key.
Al. Lateral sepals not conspicuously decurrent on the ovary; column-foot
short or obscure Section Spiranthes .... I
A2. Lateral sepals more or less conspicuously decurrent on the ovary, forming
a saccate or spurred base; column-foot prominent 8
la. Lip about equally long and broad, . usually papillose on both surfaces;
plant commonly leafless S. Ulaei
Ib. Lip distinctly longer than broad, commonly not papillose on both sur-
faces 1
la. Lip gradually narrowed toward the base 2
Ib. Lip not gradually narrowed toward the base 3
2a. Leaves (when present) linear or oblong-linear; spike very dense.
S. Lechleri
2b. Leaves obliquely suborbicular-ovate; spike very loosely flowered.
S. inaequilaiera*
3a. Apical portion of the lip transverse, broader than long S. elata
3b. Apical portion of the lip not transverse, oblong-ovate to suborbicular . . .4
4a. Lamina of the lip with a pair of calli near the middle 5
4b. Lamina of the lip without a pair of calli in the middle 6
5a. Leaves ovate; scape glabrous; spike 8- to 9-flowered S. micrantha*
5b. Leaves lanceolate-oblong; scape pubescent; spike many-flowered.
S. olivacea*
6a. Lip sessile, ecallose at the base or essentially so, apical lobe about as broad
as the basal portion S. pumila
6b. Lip clawed, prominently bicallose at the base, apical lobe commonly
much narrower than the basal portion 7
7a. Flowers large, lateral sepals about 13 mm. long; basal calli stout, intra-
marginal and erect or incurved S. Rimbachii
7b. Flowers small, lateral sepals about 6 mm. or less long; basal calli slender,
apparently marginal, strongly retrorse and often twisted . . . S. costaricensis
8a. Rostellum elongate, produced into a linear-triangular or subulate, usually
rigid, acuminate process Section Stenorrhynchus .... 9
8b. Rostellum short or at most produced into a membranaceous, ligulate,
usually truncate process Section Sarcoglottis. ... 15
9a. Flowers very small, lateral sepals about 5 mm. long (on the posterior
margin) S. Esmeralda
9b. Flowers medium-sized to large, lateral sepals 10 mm. or more long. . . .10
* Of the species marked by an asterisk, I have seen no specimens.
130 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
lOa. Lip terminating in a semiorbicular-ovate lobule; upper surface of the
leaves dark green mottled with white or light green S. maculata
lOb. Lip not terminating in a distinct semiorbicular-ovate lobule; leaves com-
monly unspotted 11
lla. Inflorescence secund; lateral sepals very narrowly linear S. laxa*
lib. Inflorescence quaquaversal; lateral sepals lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or
triangular-lanceolate 12
12a. Leaves hysteranthous; spur formed by the base of the lateral sepals con-
spicuous, triangular-ovate or triangular-oblong (when viewed from the
side) S. orchioides
12b. Leaves synanthous (sometimes absent in the dried plant) ; spur formed by
the base of the lateral sepals inconspicuous, merely a subrotund or ovoid
swelling 13
13a. Plant slender; stem with 3 more or less remote sheaths S. corymbosa
13b. Plant stout; stem mostly concealed by several approximate or imbricating
sheaths • 14
14a. Leaves with a more or less distinct (often elongate) petiole, relatively
large, commonly about 7-20 cm. long; cauline sheaths sharply acuminate;
flowers relatively small, dorsal sepal about 1.5 cm. or less long; terminal lobe
of the lip lanceolate-ovate or oblong-lanceolate S. speciosa
14b. Leaves without any petiole, relatively small, 5.5 cm. or less long; cauline
sheaths obtuse to acute; flowers relatively large, dorsal sepal about 1.7-2
cm. long; terminal lobe of the lip obovate-oblong S. vaginata
(The latter concept may prove to be a variety of S. speciosa.)
15a. Sepals produced at the base into a conspicuous hamate spur; lower margins
of the lip long-adnate to the column S. curvicalcarata
15b. Sepals not produced into a hamate spur 16
16a. Flowers crowded into a capitate or subcapitate cluster; rachis much
abbreviated S. subumbellata
16b. Flowers not capitate or subcapitate; rachis more or less elongate at
maturity 17
17a. Lateral sepals produced into a prominent ovoid or gibbous spur 18
17b. Lateral sepals not produced into a prominent gibbous spur, although often
forming a saccate base 19
18a. Lip oblong, flat S. hirta*
18b. Lip spatulate, conduplicate-concave below S. saltensis
19a. Lip obovate, without a linear or elongate basal portion; raceme at maturity
short and very dense S. Lechleri
19b. Lip not obovate but with a linear, oblong or elongate basal portion;
raceme at maturity commonly elongate 20
20a. Lip not conspicuously constricted above, nor with a suborbicular-ovate
apical lobe 21
20b. Lip conspicuously constricted above, with a prominent suborbicular-ovate
or transversely ovate apical lobe 22
21a. Flowers greenish; column long-pilose in front S. Weberbaueri*
21b. Flowers orange to brick-red; column glabrous in front.
S. Weberbaueri var. auranliaca
22a. Flowers large, lamina of the lip about 3-4 (rarely 2.2) cm. long, gradually
narrowed toward the base S. acaulis (S. picta)
22b. Flowers relatively small, lamina of the lip about 1.8 cm. long, slightly
dilated at the base S. Pavonii (S. matucanensis, S. pachyrhiza)
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 131
Spiranthes acaulis (Smith) Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4:
221. 1895. Neottia acaulis Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: 91, t. 105. 1806.
Neotlia picta R. Br. Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2: 5, 199. 1813; Sims,
Bot. Mag. 37: t. 1562. 1813. Sarcoglottis speciosa Presl, Rel. Haenk.
1: 96, t. 15. 1827. Spiranthes picta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 10, sub t. 823.
1824 and Gen. & Sp. Orch. 475. 1840. Spiranthes speciosa Lindl.
Gen. & Sp. Orch. 475. 1840. Sarcoglottis picta Kl. Allg. Gartenz.
10: 106. 1842. Gyrostachys picta 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 664.
1891.
Plant terrestrial, variable, medium-sized to large, up to 8 dm. high. Roots
fasciculate, stout, numerous. Leaves basal, rosulate, up to 8 (sometimes absent
at flowering time), more or less distinctly petioled; lamina elliptic (rarely oval)
to obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, acute or subacute, more or less cuneate below,
together with the petiole up to 45 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, often with light
spots or streaks or both. Scape glabrous below, often somewhat pilose above, more
or less surpassing the leaves, provided with several close, tubular, subremote to im-
bricating sheaths. Raceme spicate, laxly few- to many-flowered, up to about 36
cm. long, quaquaversal. Flowers large, more or less pilose without, green, white,
yellow or brown. Dorsal sepal linear to oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse to acuminate,
up to 2.6 cm. long. Lateral sepals spreading-decurved, falcate-lanceolate, falcate-
oblong or falcate-oblanceolate, acute to acuminate, with the base very long-
decurrent on the ovary and the lower anterior margins connate to form a saccate
base, broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-linear, obtuse to acute,
strongly adnate to, and slightly shorter than, the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the
sepaline sac at the base, linear-spatulate in outline when expanded, gradually
dilated above, then abruptly contracted to form an ovate, suborbicular or trans-
versely ovate apical lobe, with a pair of long retrorse horns at the base, more or less
pubescent below the middle on both surfaces, up to 4 cm. long from the apex to
the tip of a basal horn, and 1 cm. or less wide above. Column short, with an
elongate foot and a triangular-ligulate, obtuse, rostellar process.
Peru: Near Pangoa, Mathews 1070. — Huanuco: Mountains,
Haenke s.n. (type of Sarcoglottis speciosa}. Prov. of Huanuco, Tin-
go Maria, in forest, Asplund 13321, 13396. — Junin: La Merced,
about 600 meters, on forested slope, Macbride 5525. Tarma, Vitoc,
"Eyebrow of the Jungle," 1800 meters, Woytkowski 20. — Loreto:
Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 1566. Near
Tarapoto, Spruce 4604- Also Mexico, through Central America
and the West Indies (type of Neottia acaulis and N. picta} to Brazil,
Paraguay, and Argentina.
Spiranthes corymbosa Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl.
117, p. 17. 1916. Coccineorchis corymbosa Schltr. Beih. Bot. Cen-
tralbl. 37, Abt. 2, p. 434. 1920.
Plant erect to sublax, variable, about 13-38 cm. high. Roots fascicled, long,
lanuginose. Leaves clustered at the base or lower part of the stem (rarely a cluster
132 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
appears near the middle of the stem), long-petioled, about 6-12; blades ovate or
elliptic-ovate to elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate to subtruncate below,
up to 7 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, more or less oblique; petioles slender or stout,
channelled, gradually dilated and imbricating below, longer than the blade. Scape
slender, glabrous below, densely fine-tomentose above, provided with about 3
distant, long, tubular sheaths. Inflorescence a short spicate raceme, very dense
and subcapitate when young, loose in course of development, about 5.5 cm. or less
long, up to 12-flowered (with strongly ascending flowers), commonly arcuate.
Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subequaling or somewhat exceeding
the tomentose ovary. Flowers campanulate, rather large for the genus, dark red or
scarlet and yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 1.5-1.8 cm. long.
Lateral sepals similar but slightly longer, decurrent on the ovary, connate near
the oblique, saccate base, dorsally keeled near the apex. Petals strongly adnate
to the dorsal sepal and about equally long, obliquely linear-oblanceolate, acute or
subacute. Lip about as long as the lateral sepals, tubular-concave in natural
position, elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes lightly constricted on each side near the
apex, up to 7.2 mm. wide when expanded, abruptly subacute, adnate to the lateral
sepals at the base, with fleshy, incurved basal auricles, minutely pubescent on both
surfaces below. Column gradually dilated upwards, finely pubescent, with the
long-acuminate, rigid rostellum of Stenorrhynchus.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupatamarca area (Wenner Gren
Nat. Park), 3200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2756.
— Junin: Prov. of Jauja, Valley of Rio Masamerich (now called Rio
Postachuelo), one of the sources of the Pangosa between Atac and
Calabaca Resthouses, 2700-2800 meters, in evergreen thickets with
many sclerophyllous trees, Weberbauer 6635 (type).
Spiranthes costaricensis Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 214. 1855; Xen.
Orch. 2: 185, t. 179, figs. I, 1-3, b. 1873. Gyrostachys costaricensis
0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 664. 1891. Beloglottis costaricensis
Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2, p. 365. 1920. Figure 17.
Plant slender, variable, about 12-50 cm. tall. Roots stout, fascicled, lanu-
ginose. Leaves basal, rosulate, commonly 3-5 (sometimes wanting in the dried
specimen), long-petioled; lamina elliptic to oblong-elliptic, rarely elliptic-ovate
or oblanceolate, acute to short-acuminate, cuneate to (rarely) subrounded below,
3-18.5 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide, often slightly oblique; petioles commonly
more or less shorter than the blades, channelled, dilated at the imbricating base.
Scape surpassing the leaves, glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above,
provided with several more or less distant, tubular sheaths. Raceme spicate,
laxly to densely many-flowered, about 5-22.5 cm. long. Flowers small, white to
green, with only the upper part of the segments spreading. Dorsal sepal oblong,
acute, up to 5.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer and narrower, linear-
oblong, acute, oblique at the somewhat dilated base. Petals strongly adnate to the
dorsal sepal, linear or linear-oblanceolate, acute, a little shorter than the dorsal
sepal. Lip apparently slightly shorter than the lateral sepals, distinctly clawed
with the claw adnate to the lateral sepals, ovate-oblong and subpandurate in
outline, up to 6 mm. long, ovate at the base then narrowed with a slightly expanded
S FIR ANTHERS
^ •
costancensis c/teic
FIG. 17. Spiranthes costaricensis Reichb. f. Flowering plant; X %. 1, lip,
side view; X 5. 2, lip, spread out; X 5. 3, flower, side view; X 5. 4, column;
X 5. 5, dorsal sepal, one lateral sepal and petals, spread out; X 5. Drawn by
E. B. Phillips.
133
134 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
ovate-oblong termination, provided at the base of the lamina with a pair of slender,
more or less twisted, retrorse horns parallel to the claw. Column short, geniculate
below, finely pubescent, with a short bifid rostellum.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cadena, 1020 meters, in a rocky
place, Vargas 6181. — Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria,
epiphyte on tree-trunk by rivulet in forest, Asplund 12291. — Junin:
Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1092, 1877. — San
Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, in moun-
tain forest, Klug 3718. Also Mexico and Central America (type)
to Trinidad.
Spiranthes curvicalcarata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 9: 227, t. 6, figs. 1-3. 1941. Figure 18.
Plant medium-sized, terrestrial, up to about 5 dm. high. Roots fasciculate,
stout, lanuginose. Leaves 7, basal, rosulate, petioled; lamina ovate-elliptic,
sharply acute, broadly cuneate below, up to about 8 cm. long and 3.6 cm. wide;
petioles rather slender, channelled, somewhat dilated at the imbricating base,
about 6 cm. or less long. Scape glabrous below, densely pilose to lanuginose above,
provided with about 6 long-acuminate, separated, strict sheaths. Raceme sub-
laxly many-flowered. Flowers large, with the dorsal sepal and petals erect and
adnate and the lateral sepals arcuate-recurved. Sepals densely glandular-pubes-
cent without. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, acute, concave, about
23.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate below, forming a narrowly ellipsoid spur
about 12.7 mm. long with an incurved, free apex; free portion arcuate-recurved,
when expanded linear-oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate, a little shorter and much
narrower than the dorsal sepal, tubular-involute in natural position. Petals
strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, narrowly oblanceolate-linear, acute at the
very oblique apical portion, slightly exceeding the dorsal sepal. Lip linear-spatu-
late in outline, lightly 3-lobed near the apex, with all except the basal and apical
margins strongly adnate to the column, shortly clawed, furnished at the base with
a pair of fleshy retrorse auricles, about 34.5 mm. long and 6.5 mm. wide just below
the suborbicular-ovate, decurved mid-lobe; disc with the basal and middle portions
conduplicate and densely pubescent on both surfaces. Column long and slender,
about 20 mm. long, pubescent on the anterior surface, produced into a foot about
7 mm. long; rostellum oblong-ligulate with an erose-truncate apex.
Junin: La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1230 meters,
"humus floor of montana, plant brownish-red thruout except
yellowish-white lower lip," Macbride 5770.
Spiranthes elata (Sw.) L. C. Rich. Orch. Europ. Annot. 37.
1817, in Me"m. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 4: 59. 1818. Satyrium datum
Sw. Prodr. Descr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 119. 1788. ?Spiranthes peruviana
Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 93. 1827. Cyclopogon ovalifolium Presl, Rel.
Haenk. 93, t. 13, fig. 1. 1827. Spiranthes plantaginea Lindl. Gen. &
Sp. Orch. 468. 1840. Spiranthes Preslii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch.
3PIRANTHE1S ^
curiliccLLcaraia Q oScnurem
FIG. 18. Spiranthes curvicalcarata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1A- 2, flower,
expanded, showing interior of spur; X 1. 3, lip; X 1. S. pumila C. Schweinf.
4, plant; X 1A- 5, flower from front, expanded; X 2J^.
135
136 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
470. 1840. Spiranthes minuliflora Reichb. f. Bonpl. 2: 11. 1854.
Spiranthes alpestris Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 184. 1877;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 188, t. 41, fig. 1. 1895. Cyclopogon
alpestris Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1, Index III. 1877.
Gyrostachys peruviana 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 663. 1891. Gyro-
stachys Haenkeana 0. Ktze. loc. cit. Gyrostachys ovalifolia 0. Ktze.
loc. cit. Spiranthes variegata Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37 : 392. 1906.
Cyclopogon elatus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 6: 53. 1919. Cyclo-
pogon minutiflorus Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 391. 1920.
?Cyclopogon peruvianus Schltr. loc. cit. 393. 1920. Cyclopogon plan-
tagineus Schltr. loc. cit. 393. 1920. Cyclopogon stictophyllus Schltr.
(as C. stictophyllua) loc. cit. 394. 1920. Cyclopogon densiflorus Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 59. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57:
1. 108, nr. 422. 1929. Cyclopogon moyobambae Schltr. Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 60. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 108, nr. 423.
1929. Figure 19.
Plant very variable, stout or slender, terrestrial or apparently epiphytic,
up to 8 dm. high. Roots fascicled, commonly stout and tuberous. Leaves basal,
rosulate, 2 or more (very rarely absent in the dried specimen), indistinctly short-
petioled to distinctly long-petioled; lamina (very variable) ranging from broadly
ovate or elliptic-ovate to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute
or acuminate, rather abruptly rounded to gradually cuneate below, up to about 20
cm. long and 5.8 cm. wide. Scape glabrous below, commonly finely pubescent
above, adorned with several tubular sheaths. Raceme ranging from loose to dense,
few- to many-flowered, subsecund to quaquaversal, up to about 23 cm. long.
Flowers small, greenish, white, brownish or reddish, sometimes striped with violet.
Dorsal sepal lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, about 4.1-
7.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate to linear-oblong, usually slightly
longer than the dorsal sepal, acute or obtuse, oblique. Petals strongly adnate to
the dorsal sepal, oblanceolate-linear, obtuse or rounded at the tip. Lip very
short-clawed, oblong-pandurate in outline, 4.5-9 mm. long; lamina below quadrate-
oblong or ovate-oblong (commonly slightly pandurate), then markedly constricted
on each side with the anterior portion transversely dilated and commonly truncate
or 3-lobulate, abruptly rounded at the base with a pair of flap-like (rarely fleshy)
calli which are sometimes retrorse. Column small, more or less pubescent in
front, with an ovate, ligulate or lanceolate rostellum.
Peru: Mathews s.n., 1862. Diehl 2430. — Cuzco: Urubamba Val-
ley, Santa Rosa, about 1200 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1730. Prov. of
Calca, environs of Lares, on fences, 3200 meters, Vargas 3599.
Prov. of Convention, Idma, 1500 meters, in humus, Vargas 8551.
— Huanuco ("Huanocco"), in the mountains, Haenke s.n. (type of
Spiranthes peruviana, Cyclopogon ovalifolium, and Spiranthes Preslii) .
Mito, about 2800 meters, "in Yuccas on stone fence top," Macbride
& Feather stone 1920. Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish, about 2700
FIG. 19. Spiranthes elata (Sw.) L. C. Rich. 1, plant; X 1A- 2, flower, side
view; X 5. 3, lip, front view, spread out; X 5. 4, column, side view; X 5.
137
138 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
meters, Asplund 13117. — Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Kohler s.n.
(type of Cyclopogon densiflorus). Same locality as the last, 1600
meters, Schunke 1889. La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, about 1200
meters, on rotted tree, Macbride 5647. Yanahuanca, about 3000
meters, in low shrub formation on southern slope, Macbride &
Featherstone 1159. — Lima: Near Obrajillo, Mathews 676 (type of
Spiranthes pkmtaginea) . — Loreto: Near Moyobamba, Filomeno s.n.
(type of Cyclopogon moyobambae) . Same locality as the last, 900
meters, terrestrial in shade of rather dry woods and scattered shrubs,
Weberbauer 4547 (type of Spiranthes variegata). Vicinity of Iquitos,
100 meters, epiphyte, Klug 10128. Puerto Arturo, on lower Rio
Huallaga, below Yurimaguas, about 135 meters, epiphyte in dense
forest, Killip & Smith 27884- Santa Rosa, on lower Rio Huallaga,
below Yurimaguas, about 135 meters, epiphyte in dense forest,
Killip & Smith 28892. A very widespread and variable species
extending from Florida (U.S.A.) through the West Indies (type of
Satyrium elatum), Central America and South America to Brazil
(type of Spiranthes alpestris), Argentina and Uruguay.
Spiranthes Esmeralda Linden & Reichb. f. Otto, Hamb.
Gartenzeit. 18: 36. 1862; Reichb. f. Saunders Refug. Bot. 2, pt. 3:
t. 121. 1882. Stenorrhynchus Esmeraldae Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 4: 170, t. 39, fig. 1. 1895. Mesadenella esmeraldae Pabst. &
Garay, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Janeiro 12: 208, t. figs. 1-8. 1952.
Plant terrestrial, erect, small to medium-sized, up to 4.5 dm. tall. Roots fasci-
cled, long, slender-tuberous. Leaves basal, rosulate, 3-5, indistinctly short-petioled
to distinctly long-petioled; lamina ranging from elliptic or elliptic-ovate to lanceo-
late-ovate or oblong-obovate, acute or acuminate, broadly to narrowly cuneate
at the base, up to 15 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, often with small whitish spots on
the upper surface; petiole channelled, up to 8.5 cm. long. Scape slender, glabrous
below, finely pubescent above, provided with several tubular, acuminate sheaths.
Inflorescence a slender spicate raceme, loose to subdense, many-flowered, some-
what spirally arranged, up to about 25 cm. long. Flowers very small, greenish
(often with white), salmon pink or yellowish, pubescent without. Dorsal sepal
oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, about 3-5 mm. long. Lateral
sepals long-decurrent on the ovary and shortly connate in front, obliquely oblong
to ovate-oblong, acute to obtuse, slightly longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals
strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, very obliquely oblanceolate, acute or obtuse,
about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip shortly clawed, longitudinally concave with
the anterior portion recurved in natural position, when expanded oblong-oblanceo-
late, slightly constricted below the middle, acute at the broadly rounded apex,
with a pair of fleshy, retrorse, linear calli at the base, about 4-7 mm. long from the
apex to the tip of a basal callus. Column small, finely pubescent in front with
a linear-triangular, acicular, rostellar process, and a prominent foot adnate to
the ovary.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 139
Junin: East of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1300 meters,
terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 23830. San Ramon,
900-1300 meters, terrestrial at the edge of woods, Killip & Smith
24887. — Loreto: Iquitos, about 100 meters, terrestrial in woods,
Killip & Smith 27057. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in
forest, Klug 1536. Also Venezuela and Brazil (type).
Spiranthes hirta Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 476. 1840. Gyro-
stachys hirta 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2: 664. 1891. Pelexia hirta
Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 402. 1920.
Plant nearly 6 dm. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, long-petioled. Scape pro-
vided with several spreading, long-acuminate sheaths of which the lower ones are
foliaceous. Spike elongate, densely many-flowered, about 23 cm. long. Floral
bracts linear, acuminate, surpassing the flowers. Flowers medium-sized, densely
villous without, yellowish green or brownish green. Dorsal sepal not described.
Lateral sepals oblique, produced at the base into a short gibbous horn. Lip
oblong, flat, obtuse, sagittate at the base, pubescent below, in front with a some-
what narrower quadrate-rhombic lobe. Rostellum long, truncated.
Junin: Pariahuanca, on mountains, Mathews 1065 (type).—
Huanuco and Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 130.
1921.
Spiranthes inaequilatera Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp.
2: 7, t. 110. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 194. 1895. Gyro-
stachys inaequilatera 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PL pt. 2: 664. 1891. Cyclo-
pogon inaequilaterus (as inaequilatera) Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.
37, Abt. 2: 389. 1920.
Plant rather large, erect, up to 5 dm. high. Roots fascicled, tuberous-cylindric,
numerous, tomentose. Leaves basal, rosulate, about 3, long-petioled; lamina
obliquely oval or suborbicular-ovate with very unequal sides, obtusely acute,
rounded at the base, up to about 12 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide; petioles robust,
channelled, imbricating below, up to 9 cm. long. Scape exceeding the leaves,
glabrous below, minutely pubescent above, provided with several remote, ap-
pressed sheaths of which the lowermost is largest and produced into a linear,
foliaceous apex. Spike rather short, loosely several- (up to 20-) flowered, spiral,
10-12 cm. long. Floral bracts linear-subulate, subequaling the flowers. Flowers
small, greenish-purple, inconspicuous, puberulent without. Perianth-parts paral-
lel below, ringent above. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, acute, 6-6.5 mm. long.
Lateral sepals similar but a little broader, falcate-oblique at the base. Petals
adnate to, and slightly shorter than, the dorsal sepal, linear-spatulate, obtuse.
Lip in natural position tubular-concave below with the apical portion reflexed,
when expanded obovate-oblong in outline, cuneate below, then abruptly con-
tracted to form dentiform, obtuse lateral lobes and an obcordate (thus retuse)
mid-lobe, 6.5-7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Column short, dilated above, with a
bidentate or obtuse rostellar process.
140 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu), in woods, Poeppig
1011.
Spiranthes laxa (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 29. 1941. Stenorrhynchus laxus (as
Stenorrhynchos laxum) Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 7, t.
109. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 172. 1895. Pelexia?
laxa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 482. 1840.
Plant rather robust, up to 4.5 dm. high. Roots fascicled, thick-cylindric,
numerous. Leaves basal, rosulate, about 3, long-petioled ; lamina elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, cuneate at the base, 12-15 cm. long, 3-6 cm.
wide; petiole stout, channelled, up to 12 cm. long. Scape glabrous below, minutely
puberulent above, provided with several tubular, appressed sheaths. Raceme
spicate, densely many-flowered, secund, about 10 cm. long, with the upper part
nodding. Floral bracts linear-subulate, shorter than the flowers. Flowers medium-
sized, spreading, red, with the perianth-parts parallel below and ringent above.
Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, about 10 mm. long. Lateral sepals
very narrowly linear, strongly acuminate, somewhat longer than the dorsal sepal,
with the oblique base forming a prominent, cylindric-oblong, rounded sac. Petals
adnate to the dorsal sepal, narrowly linear, acuminate, long-attenuate below,
about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip linear-oblanceolate, acuminate, about
13-14 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide when expanded, with the apex recurved in
natural position. Column slender, elongate, with an acuminate rostellum.
Loreto: Near Tocache Mission Post, in virgin swampy woods,
Poeppig s.n. (type). Near Tarapoto, Spruce s.n.
Spiranthes Lechleri (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 10: 29. 1941. Br achy stele Lechleri Schltr. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 59. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 107,
nr. 421. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, about 2-4.5 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, tuberous, very stout,
lanuginose. Leaves (often lacking and usually withering before floral develop-
ment) basal, linear to oblong-lanceolate, about 10-11 cm. long, acute, narrowed to
a petioled base. Scape more or less glabrous below, finely tomentose above, pro-
vided with 6-7 tubular, appressed sheaths. Raceme spicate, short, very densely
many-flowered, up to about 7 cm. long. Floral bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate,
equaling or surpassing the flowers. Flowers small, yellow, pubescent without, with
the perianth-segments ringent above. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-
elliptic, concave, obtuse or subacute, 5-6.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely
oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, with an oblique base, subacute, about as long
as the dorsal sepal. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal and nearly as long,
oblanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, lightly incurved, obtuse. Lip sessile,
longitudinally concave and recurved in natural position, when expanded obovate
in outline, up to 6.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, glandular-verrucose on both
surfaces, constricted near the apex with the apical portion transversely oblong
to suborbicular, lobulate-undulate and more or less retuse and apiculate. Column
short, dilated upwards, with a truncate rostellar process.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 141
Huanuco: Llata, about 2150 meters, "grassy stony eastern slope,"
Macbride & Featherstone 2273. Chinchapalca, 5 miles above Mito,
about 2900 meters, on dry sunny ledges, Macbride & Featherstone
1589. — Junin: Prov. of Cerro, Huariaca, about 3200 meters, in
thicket, Asplund 11963. Yanahuanca, about 3000 meters, "shallow
soil on rocks," Macbride & Featherstone 1224- — Puno: Tabira,
Lechler 2133 (type).
Spiranthes maculata (Rolfe) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 10: 30. 1941. Pelexia maculata Rolfe, Kew Bull.
(1893) 7; Summerhayes, Bot. Mag. 158: t. 9418. 1935.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 5.2 dm. high. Roots fascicled, tuberous, numer-
ous. Leaves basal, rosulate, long-petioled, about 3-4; lamina ovate to oblong-
elliptic or lanceolate, somewhat oblique, up to about 18.5 cm. long and 8.7 cm.
wide, acute, rounded or rounded-cuneate at the base, dark green with scattered
light green spots on the upper surface; petioles elongate, channelled, up to 15 cm.
long, slightly dilated at the imbricating base. Scape glabrous below, tomentose
above, adorned with numerous, imbricating or approximate, appressed sheaths,
up to 4.5 dm. high. Raceme elongate, many-flowered, dense to lax, up to about
30 cm. long. Flowers ascending, medium-sized, pubescent without, green with
a white lip. Dorsal sepal broadly oblanceolate, acute, concave especially above,
10-12.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely linear-oblanceolate, acute, spreading,
about as long as the dorsal sepal, long-produced below and connate, forming
a cylindrical spur with a short, ovoid-conic free apex. Petals strongly adnate to
the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblanceolate, acute, finely ciliolate on the outer margins
except near the apex, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the sepaline
sac, narrowly oblanceolate or cuneate-spatulate in outline with the margins (except
near the apex) adnate to the column, gradually dilated above, then abruptly
contracted to form a recurved, transversely ovate, acute lobule, retrorsely bi-
callose at the base, about 17 mm. long when expanded including the linear calli
and 4-5 mm. wide. Column slender, dilated above, with a subulate rostellar
process.
Junin: La Merced, about 600 meters, at edge of forest stream,
Macbride 5526. Also Bolivia and perhaps Venezuela. Typical
collection of unknown habitat.
Spiranthes micrantha Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov.
1: 183. 1877; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 197, t. 42, fig. 2. 1895.
Cyclopogon micrantha Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1, Index
III. 1877, nomen; Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 390.
1920.
Plant terrestrial, slender, up to 3 dm. high. Roots 1-2, stout-tuberous, short.
Leaves basal, 1-2, long-petioled; lamina ovate, subacute, subrounded below, up to
4 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide; petiole slender, channelled, a little longer than the
blade. Scape slender, glabrous, provided with 4-5 appressed sheaths. Spike
142 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
short, loosely 8- to 9-flowered, spiral, 6 cm. long. Bracts linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, exceeding the flowers. Flowers very small, glabrous. Dorsal sepal oblong-
lanceolate, strongly concave, obtuse, 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals linear-oblong or
narrowly lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, lightly constricted below, somewhat longer
than the dorsal sepal. Petals adnate to the dorsal sepal and subequally long, very
obliquely rhombic-lanceolate, obtuse. Lip obovate-oblong in outline, ligulate and
concave below, then abruptly dilated into a suborbicular, obtuse, ciliate apical
lobe, slightly shorter than the lateral sepals; disc above the middle with a pair of
pubescent, ovoid appendages. Column pubescent in front.
Loreto, ex Cogniaux fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9:
129. 1921. Brazil (type).
Spiranthes olivacea Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1892) 141. Cyclopogon
olivaceus Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt 2: 392. 1920. Sarco-
glottis olivacea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 130. 1921.
Plant about 3 dm. high. Leaves basal, rosulate, petioled; lamina lanceolate-
oblong, acute, up to about 4 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide, green with a few small,
white spots. Scape slender, pubescent, up to 3 dm. tall. Inflorescence many-
flowered. Flowers small, subsessile, about 7 mm. long, green tinged with pink and
white. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-linear, obtuse. Lateral sepals linear, subobtuse.
Petals spatulate, obtuse, connivent with the dorsal sepal. Lip linear-oblong with
a subventricose base, expanded in front into a suborbicular, crenulate lobe, pro-
vided in the middle with 2 small, pubescent calli. Column linear-clavate.
North Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded (introduced by
Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co.).
Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich. Sagra Hist. Isl. Cub.
Segunda parte, Hist. Nat. 11 (Fl. Cub. Fanerog. 2): 252. 1850.
Satyrium orchioides Sw. Prodr. Descr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 118. 1788.
Neottia orchioides Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1411. ?1806. Stenorrhynchus
orchioides L. C. Rich. De Orch. Europ. Annot. 37. 1817, and in
M<§m. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 59. 1818; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras.
3, pt. 4: 177. 1895. Figure 20.
Plant terrestrial, very variable, up to 9.1 dm. high. Roots fascicled, tuberous,
numerous. Leaves most commonly hysteranthous and not present in flowering
specimens, several, basal, rosulate, sessile or short-petioled; blades oblong-
oblanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, gradually narrowed toward
the base, up to 40 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. Scape rather stout, glabrous below,
more or less glandular-pilose or scurfy above, provided with several tubular
sheaths. Raceme dense or lax, few- or more commonly many-flowered, qua-
FIG. 20. Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich. 1, inflorescence; X %. 2,
basal part of plant, showing leaves and roots; X %. 3, flower, longitudinally
dissected to show the column; X 2. Drawn by Blanche Ames.
143
144 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
quaversal, up to 22 cm. long. Flowers rather large, rose-red, purplish, brown,
yellow or green and white, more or less pubescent without. Dorsal sepal lanceolate,
linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subacute to acuminate, 12-20 mm. long.
Lateral sepals triangular-lanceolate or linear-triangular, acuminate, long-decurrent
on the ovary at the oblique base, with the free portion about as long as the dorsal
sepal, connate below and forming a short conical spur. Petals obliquely lanceolate
(commonly narrowly so), strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, acute to acuminate.
Lip rhombic-lanceolate in outline with the middle portion dilated and the apical
part lanceolate-attenuate to an acute tip, pubescent below the middle on both
surfaces, with the margins of the lower part more or less thickened, 15-24 mm.
long, 5-9 mm. wide when expanded. Column commonly glabrous, with a rigid,
acicular, rostellar process.
Apurimac: Abancay, slopes of Curahuasi, 2700 meters, Vargas
2051. — Cuzco: Below Machu-Picchu, on dry granite slopes, West
6468. Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2100 meters, in humus, Vargas
2194- — Junin: La Merced, about 600 meters, on "sandy brushy river
flat," Macbride 5545. — Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 131. 1921. A widespread and variable species extending from
Florida (U.S.A.), the West Indies (type of Satyrium orchioides) and
Mexico, through Central America to Brazil and Argentina.
Spiranthes Pavonii Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856; C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 7. 1951. Spiranthes matucanensis
Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 16. 1916. Spiranthes
pachyrhiza Kranzl. loc. cit. Pelexia matucanensis Schltr. Beih. Bot.
Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 410. 1920. Sarcoglottis Pavonii Schltr. Beih.
Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 419. 1920.
Plant terrestrial, up to 4 dm. high. Roots fascicled, tuberous, very stout,
numerous. Leaves basal, rosulate, 3-5, shortly or indistinctly petioled; lamina
lanceolate-elliptic (cited as oblong-lanceolate), acute, gradually narrowed below,
15-25 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide; petioles short, broad, channelled, imbricating
at the base. Scape glabrous below, densely glandular-pilose above, more or less
concealed by 6-8 close, tubular sheaths. Spike up to 14 cm. long, short, dense and
quaquaversal when immature and becoming elongate and secund in course of
development, several- to many-flowered. Flowers medium-sized for the genus,
glandular-pubescent near the base without. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate,
acute (cited as obtuse), concave, about 17 mm. long. Lateral sepals spreading,
oblanceolate-linear, lightly oblique, acute or acuminate, slightly dilated at the
base which is long-decurrent on the ovary and connate on the anterior margin to
form a slight swelling. Petals linear-cuneate, adnate to the dorsal sepal and
slightly shorter, very abruptly and obliquely acute. Lip adnate to the sepaline
sac at the base, channelled below, ligulate-pandurate or linear-spatulate when
expanded, with a pair of retrorse horns at the slightly broader base, dilated above
and constricted to form a broadly ovate or transversely ovate, crenulate terminal
lobe, when expanded about 18 mm. long from the apex of the lamina to the tip of a
basal horn. Column long, slender, dilated above, nearly glabrous, with a linear,
membranaceous rostellar process.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 145
Huanuco: Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n. (type of Spiranthes Pa-
vonii). — Lima: On the Lima-Oroya Railway near Matucana, 2400-
2600 meters, on stony slopes occupied by rather open xerophytic
vegetation, especially "regengrunen" shrubs, Weberbauer 5279 (type
of Spiranthes matucanensis) . Mountain railway of San Augustin,
400^480 meters, on a rock in the Loma formation, Weberbauer 5696
(type of S. pachyrhiza). Also Ecuador.
Spiranthes pumila C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 229, t. 6, figs. 4-5. 1941. Figure 18.
Plant small and slender, terrestrial, about 13 cm. or less tall. Roots fas-
ciculate, slender- tuberous. Leaves 6, basal, rosulate, petioled; lamina ovate,
acuminate, broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, up to 2 cm. long and nearly
1 cm. wide; petioles channelled, dilated at the imbricating base, 1.4 cm. or less long.
Scape slender, glabrous below, finely glandular-pubescent above, provided with 4
tubular sheaths of which the lowermost is foliaceous. Inflorescence a secund spike,
2- to 8-flowered, rather loose below, about 3.5 cm. or less long, arcuate. Flowers
small, with subparallel, mostly glabrous segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong,
obtuse, about 5.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but a little larger throughout,
subacute, slightly oblique. Petals narrowly oblong, acute or subacute, slightly
broader above the middle, a little smaller than the dorsal sepal. Lip tubular-
involute in natural position with a recurved apex, sessile; lamina when expanded
subquadrate-oblong or obovate-oblong, obscurely 3-lobed near the apex, about
6 mm. long and 2.8 mm. wide above the middle. Column cuneate below, about
3.7 mm. long, with a triangular-ovate, shortly bidentate rostellum.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1600 meters, Schunke 1886 (type).
Same locality, 1800 meters, Schunke s.n.
Spiranthes Rimbachii (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 10: 30. 1941. Cyclopogon Rimbachii Schltr. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 8: 166. 1921.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 6.2 dm. high. Roots fascicled, slender-tuberous.
Leaves mostly basal, rosulate, 3-6, long-petioled; lamina elliptic to ovate-elliptic
(oblong, as cited), acute or short-acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base,
up to 8 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; petioles channelled-conduplicate, somewhat
dilated toward the imbricating base, up to 11 cm. long. Scape glabrous below,
densely tomentose above, provided with 3-8 sheaths of which the lower ones are
produced into a small lanceolate to ovate leaf. Spike more or less secund, 10- to
15-flowered, loose in course of development, up to 14 cm. long. Flowers medium-
sized for the genus, reddish white or greenish white, recalling those of S. elata,
externally pubescent below. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, concave,
about 12 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little longer, linear-oblong, obtuse, slightly
oblique. Petals adnate to and subequaling the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblanceolate-
linear, rounded at the apex. Lip pandurate-oblong or pandurate-ovate in outline,
very shortly clawed, subquadrate-pandurate to above the middle, then contracted
and dilated to form a suborbicular terminal lobe, subcordate at the base with
146 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
a pair of intramarginal, flat-conical calli, about 14 mm. long and 5-7 mm. wide in
the middle. Column slender, fine-pubescent in front, with a conspicuous ovate-
triangular, truncated, rostellar process.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 2900-3000
meters, "shady places in evergreen bush-wood," Weberbauer 7575.
Also Ecuador (type).
Spiranthes saltensis Griseb. Abhandl. K. Gesell. Wiss. Gott.
24 (Symb. Fl. Argent.): 338. 1879. Stenorrhynchus saltensis Cogn.
Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 165. 1895. Pelexia saltensis Schltr. Beih.
Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 405. 1920.
Plant terrestrial, tall, up to over 7 dm. high. Roots fascicled, slender-tuber-
ous, numerous. Leaves basal and cauline, oblanceolate, oblong or oblong-lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed below to an often indistinct chan-
nelled petiole, up to 44 cm. long and 5.3 cm. wide (the cauline smaller and sessile).
Stem glabrous below, tomentose above, provided with several tubular, appressed
sheaths. Spike densely (rarely subdensely) many-flowered, quaquaversal, 5-20
cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, white, greenish or yellow, externally pubescent.
Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acute, strongly concave, 10-14 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, decurved-spreading, dilated at
the base, long-decurrent on the ovary, connate in front to form a subglobose spur.
Petals obliquely linear-oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, strongly adnate to and sub-
equaling the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the sepaline sac, longitudinally concave
and recurved in natural position, gradually dilated from the base to above the
middle, then slightly contracted on each side forming a suborbicular-ovate or trans-
versely ovate terminal lobe, oblong-spatulate in outline when expanded, 11-17
mm. long, up to 8 mm. wide above the middle, with a pair of fleshy, linear calli
at the base. Column extended into a long foot adnate to the ovary, terminating
in a prominent, ovate-triangular, truncate rostellar process.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero San Pedro, 2200
meters, on open bushy slope, Vargas 2563. "Mercedes," Hda.
"Quellouna," 900 meters, Bues s.n. (Herb. Field Mus. 660002).
Also Argentina (type), Bolivia and Paraguay.
Spiranthes speciosa (J. F. Gmel.) A. Rich. Sagra Hist. Isl. Cub.
Segunda parte, Hist. Nat. 11 (Fl. Cub. Fanerog. 2): 252. 1850.
Serapias speciosa J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 59. 1791. Neottia spe-
ciosa Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. 3: t. 600. 1793. Stenorrhynchus speciosus
L. C. Rich. De Orch. Europ. Annot. 37. 1817, and in Me"m. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Paris 4: 59. 1818. Spiranthes colorata N. E. Br. & S. colorata
var. maculata N. E. Br. Gard. Chron. n. s. 19: 210. 1883.
Plant terrestrial or epiphytic, up to 6 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, tuberous,
numerous. Scape stout, glabrous, mostly or wholly concealed by several tubular,
acuminate sheaths. Leaves basal, rosulate, up to 7, gradually narrowed below
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 147
into a more or less distinct channelled petiole, up to 34 cm. long; lamina oval to
oblong-elliptic or obovate to oblong-obovate, acute, 2-8 cm. wide. Spike densely
many- (rarely few-) flowered, up to 10 cm. long. Floral bracts showy, lanceolate,
equaling or surpassing the flowers, scarlet. Flowers medium-sized, orange to scar-
let, purple-red or pink, glabrous. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
acute to acuminate, concave, 12-15 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-
lanceolate or triangular-oblong, acuminate, long-decurrent on the ovary and shortly
connate in front, about equaling the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely elliptic-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, strongly adnate to and subequaling the dorsal
sepal. Lip lanceolate in outline, sessile, with the lower part pandurate and
dilated in the middle, then abruptly contracted and forming a lanceolate or
lanceolate-ovate, acute terminal lobe, callose-thickened on each side at the base,
13-15 mm. long, up to 6.4 mm. wide, more or less pubescent. Column dilated
above, pilose in front, with a long, acicular rostellar process.
Huanuco, ex Kranzlin fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9:
131. 1921. Also the West Indies (type of Serapias speciosa), and
Mexico through Central America to Colombia (type of Spiranthes
colorata) and Venezuela.
Spiranthes subumbellata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Har-
vard Univ. 10: 31. 1941. Synassa corymbosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19:
sub t. 1618. 1833. Pelexia corymbosa Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 482.
1840; Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 19. 1916.
Plant terrestrial, up to about 4.5 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, slender-cylindric.
Leaves (often not present in dried specimens) basal, 2, long-petioled; lamina ellip-
tic, oblong-elliptic (lanceolate, as cited), acute or acuminate, up to 10 cm. long and
2.8 cm. wide; petiole channelled, stout or slender, up to 6 cm. long. Scape glandu-
lar-pilose throughout (especially above), provided with several appressed, tubular-
cylindric sheaths. Spike short, subumbellate-congested, densely many-flowered
with the lowermost flowers sometimes rather loosely separated, up to 5 cm. long
and 4 cm. in diameter. Flowers rather small, yellow to orange. Dorsal sepal
obovate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, concave, obtuse or subacute, about 9-10
mm. long. Lateral sepals about equally long, obliquely spatulate-oblanceolate or
linear-oblanceolate, acute, long-decurrent on the ovary at the base where shortly
connate in front to form a small, abrupt, semiglobose spur. Petals strongly adnate
to the dorsal sepal, obliquely linear-spatulate, obtuse to rounded at the apex,
slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip adnate to the sepaline sac at the base,
in natural position tubular-cylindric with the lower part adnate to the column,
when expanded spatulate with a slender lower portion, slightly dilated toward the
bicallose base, above rather abruptly dilated to an obovate, lightly 3-lobulate apical
portion which is broadly rounded or subtruncate and crenulate on the decurved
margins, about 13 mm. long, up to 7 mm. wide above. Column slender, dilated
above, subglabrous, with a triangular-ovate rostellar process.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavdn s.n. (type of Pelexia corym-
bosa).— Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, on road from Tambo above
Osno to the Apurimac River, 2500 meters, in the grass-steppe with
148 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
scattered shrubs, Weberbauer 5617. — Junin: Huacapistana, 1800-
2400 meters, on open hillside, Killip & Smith 24242. Carpapata,
above Huacapistana, about 2400 meters, on open hillside, Killip &
Smith 24347. Prov. of Tarma, Yanamayo, between Palca and
Acobamba, 2600-2700 meters, in low woods on mountain slope,
Ferreyra 3751 .
Spiranthes Ulaei Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 207, t. 47,
fig. 1. 1895. Brachystele Ulaei Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37,
Abt. 2: 374. 1920.
Plant erect or suberect, up to 4 dm. tall, leafless or with one or two blades
at the base. Roots fascicled, tuberous, attenuate below. Leaves (when present)
oblanceolate-linear, produced from a somewhat wider scarious sheath, acute, about
9 cm. or less long and 5 mm. wide above. Stem provided with 5 or more tubular,
approximate or imbricating, erect sheaths, glabrous below, densely villous near the
inflorescence. Raceme short to rather long, 3.7-14 cm. long, very densely many-
flowered with imbricating flowers. Floral bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate,
scarious, surpassing the flowers. Flowers very small, horizontal, villous without.
Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, acute, strongly concave, about 4.5-7 mm. long.
Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate, decurved, short-acuminate,
about as large as the dorsal sepal. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal,
linear-oblanceolate, very little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip about as long
as the sepals, gently recurved and tubular-concave in natural position, sub-
orbicular-obovate when expanded, about equally long and broad, minutely
3-lobed at the apex with a very small, transverse, median lobule; disc densely
papillose without and pubescent within, with a pair of more or less distinct calli
at the sessile base. Column small, clavate, with a pair of porrect, semiorbicular
wings at the apex.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, between Huinaihuaina and Puyu-
pata, 3100 meters, Vargas 7258. Also Brazil (type), Argentina, and
Uruguay.
Spiranthes vaginata (HBK.) Lindl. ex B. D. Jackson, Ind.
Kew 1895, p. 967. Neottia vaginata HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp.
1: 331. 1816; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 472. 1840. Stenorrhynchus
vaginatus (as Stenorrhynchos vaginatum) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 710.
1826. Gyrostachys vaginata 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. pt. 2. 664. 1891.
Plant stout, about 16-44 cm. tall. Stem strict, entirely or mostly concealed
by several approximate or imbricating sheaths which are oblong, concave-ventri-
cose and obtuse to acute. Leaves mostly confined to the base (sometimes ap-
parently absent in the dried specimens), ovate or oval, acute, sessile, up to about
5.5 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide. Spike few-flowered, rather dense, 3.5-8.5 cm. long,
quaquaversal. Floral bracts conspicuous, as long as the flower, ovate or elliptic-
ovate, acute or acuminate. Flowers medium-sized for the genus, glabrous, cam-
panulate with little-spreading segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, concave, long-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 149
narrowed to an acute point, about 1.7-2 cm. long. Lateral sepals about equally
large, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, saccate at the base and de-
current on the ovary. Petals very obliquely oblong-lanceolate and lightly sig-
moid, strongly adnate to, and subequaling, the dorsal sepal. Lip a little shorter
than the sepals, oblong-pandurate or rhombic-lanceolate in outline, dilated in the
middle, then rather abruptly narrowed to an obovate-oblong, acute apical portion,
pubescent below on both surfaces, concave-saccate at the ciliate base, 1.9 cm. or
less long, up to 1 cm. wide; disc obscurely bicallose at the base. Column as in
S. speciosa (J. F. Gmel.) A. Rich.
Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 131. 1921. Also
Colombia and Ecuador (type of Neottia vaginata).
This description was largely compiled from Colombian specimens
referable to this concept, as well as from a photograph of the type
of Neottia vaginata.
Spiranthes Weberbaueri Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl.
117: 18. 1916. Pelexia Weberbaueriana Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.
37, Abt. 2: 411. 1920. Spiranthes Weberbaueriana Kranzl. ex Schltr.
Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37, Abt. 2: 411. 1920, sphalm.
Plant terrestrial, up to 7 dm. tall. Roots fascicled, slender-tuberous, numer-
ous, villous. Leaves basal, rosulate, up to 5, long-petioled; lamina elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, broadly cuneate at the base, up to 12 cm.
long and 4.5 cm. wide; petioles stout, channelled-conduplicate, slightly dilated at
the imbricating base, up to 9 cm. long. Scape glabrous below the middle, glandu-
lar-pilose above, provided with about 9 sheaths of which the upper ones decrease
into bracts. Spike elongate, many-flowered, lax below, rather dense above, qua-
quaversal, up to 18 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, greenish, densely pubescent
without. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, about 1.3 cm.
long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate (obovate-oblong, as cited),
subacute or "obtuse," long-decurrent on the ovary at the base, decurved-spread-
ing. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, spatulate-linear, rounded at the
apex. Lip nearly as long as the sepals, linear-spatulate in outline, the lower
portion being linear and retrorsely bicornute and the anterior portion cuneate-
obovate and retuse with a reflexed margin, provided with a very fleshy median
line extending to the apex, about 5 mm. wide near the apex. Column slender,
long-pilose in front, with a broadly ligulate, obtuse rostellar process.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, on road from Tambo above Osno to
the Apurimac River, in open places among thickets rich in sclero-
phyllous forms, Weberbauer 5593.
This description was drawn from the diagnosis of the type, in
addition to an examination of a photograph of the type.
Spiranthes Weberbaueri Kranzl. var. aurantiaca C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 7. 1951.
150 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plant terrestrial, very variable, slender or stout, 1.5-7.5 dm. tall. Leaves
usually present at flowering time, basal, rosulate, 5 or less, more or less distinctly
petioled; lamina oblong to elliptic, more or less acute, about 6.5-20 cm. long,
up to 3.7 cm. wide. Scape slender to stout, more or less glandular-tomentose
(sometimes glabrous below), provided with several, more or less remote, tubular
sheaths. Spike short to elongate, several- to many-flowered, commonly very loose
at the base, with the rachis about 3 to 25 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized,
antimony-yellow, orange or dull brick-red, densely glandular-pubescent without.
Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-linear, acute at the lightly cucullate apex, about 1.2-1.6
cm. long. Lateral sepals connate below forming a subgibbous sac, the recurved
free portion being obliquely linear-oblanceolate and about as long as the dorsal
sepal but narrower. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, narrowly spatulate-
oblanceolate, acute to rounded at the apex. Lip strongly adnate to the column
nearly to the apex, about 1.3-2 cm. long when expanded, 5.5-7 mm. wide in front;
basal portion linear, channelled, slightly dilated toward the base which is callose-
thickened on each side; anterior portion conspicuously dilated into a round-
obovate broadly rounded and crenate-dentate lamina traversed by a thickened
mid-nerve. Column slender, glabrous, lightly arcuate above, extended into
a prominent foot.
Cuzco: Crapeza Valley, Piquillacta, 3150 meters, Hen era 2181.
Ollantaytambo, about 3000 meters, in a canyon, Cook & Gilbert 281 .
Prov. of Cuzco, Pisac, 3100 meters, on gravelly slopes, Vargas 2983.
Prov. of Urubamba, Piri, 2800 meters, on heath-covered slopes,
Vargas 5935 (type). — Huanuco: Huacachi, near Muna, about 2000
meters, at edge of shady thicket, Macbride 4076 (small flowers).
ERYTHRODES Bl. (Physurus L. C. Rich.)
Plants terrestrial, stout or slender, with stems which are decumbent and root-
bearing below, and ascending or erect above, simple. Leaves few to several, ovate
or lanceolate, usually clustered near the base, with long or short petioles which
are dilated below into infundibuliform bases that clasp the stem. Inflorescence a
spicate raceme, few- to many-flowered, loose or dense. Flowers small to medium-
sized. Sepals free, similar, narrow. Petals adnate to the dorsal sepal. Lip
commonly 3-lobed, concave or tubular-involute below, usually with the apical lobe
abruptly dilated and spreading or recurved, provided at the base with a spur
which varies from short and scrotiform to filiform-cylindric. Column very short,
with a prominent (often deeply bilobed) rostellar process.
Al. Spur ovoid, ellipsoid or scrotiform to obovoid (rarely shortly cylindric-
clavate), commonly much shorter than the ovary I
A2. Spur cylindric-clavate to cylindric or filiform-cylindric 5
la. Lamina of the lip divided into 2 subequal portions, the anterior part
sharply 3-lobed, with the middle lobule triangular to subulate.
E. querceticola
Ib. Lamina of the lip not divided into 2 subequal portions, the anterior part
not 3-lobed, at most apiculate 1
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 151
la. Leaves ovate (lamina 4.3 cm. or less long), maculate or marmorate; spur
with 2 pairs of simple calli on the inner wall E. marmorata
Ib. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate (lamina commonly
5 cm. or more long), not marmorate; spur usually without simple calli .... 2
2a. Raceme short, ovoid-conic; anterior part of the lip retrorse-lunate, with
the lobules subtruncate on the sides E. ovata
2b. Raceme elongate, linear-cylindric or oblong-cylindric 3
3a. Lip broader than long when expanded, not dilated at the apex; spur
lightly 4-lobulate E. simplex
3b. Lip markedly longer than broad, dilated at the apex; spur simple 4
4a. Leaves broadly elliptic, about 5 cm. long; raceme loosely flowered; spur
about half as long as the ovary E. minor
4b. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, 15 cm. or more long; raceme densely flowered;
spur about equaling the ovary E. major
5a. Mid-lobe of the lip on each side passing into elongate fibres . . E. mystacina
5b. Mid-lobe of the lip on each side not passing into fibres or fringes 6
6a. Spur 3-lobulate at the apex E. lobatocalcar
6b. Spur not 3-lobulate at the apex 7
7a. Flowers relatively large, dorsal sepal about 9 mm. long; mid-lobe of the
lip acuminate in front and acute on each side E. clavigera
7b. Flowers small to minute, dorsal sepal about 7 mm. or less long; mid-lobe
of the lip at most apiculate or rarely acute in front 8
8a. Petals obliquely bilobed or biapiculate at the broad apex. . . .E. santensis
8b. Petals not bilobed above 9
9a. Mid-lobe of the lip lunate, with a pair of strongly recurved, elongate
lobules 10
9b. Mid-lobe of the lip without strongly recurved lobules 11
lOa. Raceme densely flowered; dorsal sepal 3-4 mm. long E. valida1
lOb. Raceme loosely flowered (at least in the course of development); dorsal
sepal about 5 mm. long E. bifalcis
lla. Spur shorter than the ovary 12
lib. Spur longer than the ovary 13
12a. Basal portion of the lip ligulate, not noticeably narrowed below; lateral
lobules of the mid-lobe elongate, transversely oblong or narrowly oblong.
E. arietina
12b. Basal portion of the lip obovate or ovate-elliptic, conspicuously narrowed
below; lateral lobules of the mid-lobe short E. repens
13a. Plant about 15 cm. high; stem puberulent; terminal lobe of the lip cordate.
E. foliosa
13b. Plant about 25 cm. or more high; stem glabrous; terminal lobe of the lip
reniform to lightly lunate 14
14a. Leaves 10 or more; raceme quaquaversal ; terminal lobe of the lip rhombic-
lunate E. multifoliata
14b. Leaves about 5; raceme subsecund; terminal lobe of the lip subquadrate-
renif orm E, stenocentron
1 This concept has been placed in the key although no specimen is available
for study.
152 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Erythrodes arietina (Reichb. f. & Warm.) Ames, Orchidaceae
7: 66. 1922. Physurus arietinus Reichb. f. & Warm. Otia Bot.
Hamb. 2: 52. 1881; Warm. Symb. ad Fl. Bras, centr. pt. 30: 859,
t. 9, fig. 4. 1884; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 231. 1895.
Plant suberect from a decumbent, rooting base. Stem up to about 4 dm. high,
slender, glabrous below, densely pubescent above the leaves. Leaves about 5 to 10,
scattered on the lower part of the stem, petioled; blades oblong-ovate or elliptic-
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 9.5 (rarely 11) cm. long and 3.3
cm. wide; petioles dilated and loosely sheathing at the base, up to 2.5 cm. long.
Raceme cylindric, more or less elongate, many-flowered, rather dense but becoming
loose below, rarely up to 3.5 dm. long. Flowers small, white or pinkish, pilose
without (usually sparingly so). Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, about
4-5.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals subequally long, linear-oblong, rounded at the
apex, slightly oblique. Petals strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal, spatulate-
oblong to oblanceolate-linear, obliquely subacute to rounded at the apex. Lip
from a ligulate or lanceolate-ligulate, tubular-concave base slightly narrowed above,
then abruptly dilated into a recurved, transverse, narrowly oblong, pubescent lobe
which is bluntly apiculate, with the lateral lobules more or less twisted and in-
curved, about 4-5 mm. long when expanded. Spur shorter than the mature ovary,
cylindric, more or less incurved, subequaling the lip or shorter.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cadena, 1040 meters, in lumbered
forest, Vargas 6216. — Loreto: Alto Rio Itaya, San Antonio, 145
meters, on trunk of petrified tree, Williams 3417. San Antonio, on
Rio Itaya, about 110 meters, on log in dense forest, Killip & Smith
29519. Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4870. — San Martin: San Roque,
1350-1500 meters, in forest, Williams 7713. Also Brazil (type).
Erythrodes bifalcis (Lindl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 67. 1922.
Physurus bifalcis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 502. 1840. Microchilus
bifalcis D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 5: 166. 1852.
Plant more or less erect from a decumbent, root-bearing rhizome. Stem stout,
leafy, glabrous below and among the leaves, densely pubescent above the leaves,
up to over 6 dm. high. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, acute to
acuminate, gradually tapering below to a short, broad petiole which is dilated
below to a sheathing base; lamina up to about 12.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, the
upper blades surpassing the peduncle. Raceme elongate, cylindric, many-flowered,
becoming loose in course of development, up to about 24.5 cm. long. Ovary slender-
cylindric, arcuate, sparingly pilose. Flowers small, white and pink or pinkish red.
Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, concave, acute to obtuse, about 5 mm. long. Lateral
sepals oblong-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute, oblique, longer and
narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals very oblique, narrowly elliptic, obtuse or
acute. Lip about 5 mm. long, with basal third concave, suborbicular to obovate-
flabellate with rounded sides or with rounded spreading angles above; middle
portion abruptly narrowed and ligulate-subquadrate; apical portion abruptly
dilated and forming a pair of elongate, retrorsely semicircular lobules, broadly
rounded or apiculate in the center. Spur much shorter than the ovary, slender-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 153
cylindric, arcuate. Column short, with a large, oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous
rostellar process.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1876 (type of Physurus
bif aids'). — Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac Valley, near Kimpitiriki, 400
meters, terrestrial in dense forest, Killip & Smith 23040. — Junin:
Puerto Bermudez, about 375 meters, terrestrial in dense forest,
Killip & Smith 26658.
Erythrodes clavigera (Reichb. f.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 70.
1922. Physurus danger Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856.
Plant large and stout, up to about 9 dm. high (lower rooting portion missing).
Stem stout, glabrous. Leaves numerous, petioled; lamina elliptic-lanceolate or
oval-lanceolate, up to about 16 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate-
narrowed below; petiole rather short, dilated into a loosely clasping sheath.
Peduncle very short, entirely concealed by long, loose, imbricating sheaths.
Raceme elongate-cylindric, densely many-flowered, up to about 17 cm. long.
Flowers large for the genus. Ovary short-cylindric, villous. Sepals villous.
Sepals and petals pink, lip cream-white. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, strongly
concave, acute, about 9 mm. long. Lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, slightly oblique, a little longer and narrower than the
dorsal sepal. Petals very obliquely rhombic-lanceolate, acuminate. Lip shorter
than the sepals, with a concave, suborbicular basal portion which terminates above
the middle on each side in an incurved or uncinate apex, then abruptly con-
tracts to a short claw and finally abruptly expands into a transversely rhombic
or rhombic-lunate, acuminate terminal lobe. Spur slenderly cylindric-clavate,
up to about 1.5 cm. long, equaling or slightly exceeding the ovary. Column short,
with an ovate, bidentate rostellar process.
Loreto: Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto (lower Rio Hua-
llaga basin), 135-150 meters, "herb 2-3 ft. high," in dense forest,
Killip & Smith 28332. Variously credited to Mexico and Costa
Rica.
Erythrodes foliosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 70.
1922. Pelexia foliosa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 17. 1838.
Physurus foliosus Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 503. 1840; Cogn. Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 238. 1895. Microchips foliosus D. Dietr. Syn.
PI. 5: 166. 1852.
Plant about 15 cm. tall. Stem ascending, rather stout, puberulent, sheathed
below, densely leafy above. Leaves 6-7, petioled; lamina oval to oblong or ovate-
oblong, up to about 10 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at the base,
green above, purple beneath; petiole dilated below to form a loose clasping sheath,
up to 2.5 cm. long. Peduncle short, several-sheathed. Raceme short, oblong-
cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 4 cm. long. Flowers very small, whitish.
Ovary narrowly fusiform, sparingly puberulent. Dorsal sepal oblong, concave,
acute, about 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals about equally long, reflexed-spreading,
154 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
obliquely lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute. Petals adnate to, and a little
shorter than, the dorsal sepal. Lip obovate with the lower portion concave, about
4 mm. long, transversely incised on each side above the middle, then expanded
into a recurved, clawed terminal lobe which is cordate, acute and papillose. Spur
filiform, obtuse, a little longer than the ovary.
Loreto: Near Tocache Mission, in swampy woods in the vicinity
of Rio Huallaga, Poeppig s.n. (type). — Huanuco, fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 132. 1921.
Erythrodes lobatocalcar C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 231, t. 7, figs. 4-6. 1941. Figure 21.
Plant medium-sized, up to about 3 dm. tall (lower portion lacking). Stem
glabrous and decumbent below, with the peduncle above the leaves about 8 cm.
long and sparingly glandular-pilose above. Leaves about 8 in our specimens,
mostly crowded on the lower part of the stem, short-petioled; lamina elliptic or
lanceolate-elliptic, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate below, up to 7.5 cm. long
and 2.5 cm. wide; petiole short and indistinct, up to 2.4 cm. long, expanded below
into a loose, infundibuliform sheath. Raceme spicate, becoming elongate, up to
11 cm. long, densely many-flowered, rather loose below. Flowers small, spreading.
Sepals sparingly glandular-pilose. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, concave, obtuse,
up to about 4.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal but larger,
elliptic, obtuse. Petals obliquely rhombic-oblanceolate, subacute, slightly ex-
ceeding the dorsal sepal. Lip 3-lobed, with the lower portion tubular-involute
and the terminal lobe recurved in natural position, about 4.9 mm. long when
expanded; lower portion suborbicular-obovate, about 4 mm. wide, apical lobe
from a short, broad claw abruptly dilated into a reniform-lunate lamina with
a minute apicule in the middle of the broadly rounded apex. Spur dorso-ventrally
flattened, cylindric-clavate, obtusely 3-lobulate at the apex, about 5 mm. long.
San Martin: San Roque, 1350-1500 meters, in forest, Williams
6998.
Erythrodes major (Presl) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 72. 1922.
Microchilus major Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 94. 1827; Symb. Bot. 1: 26,
t. 15. 1830-32. Physurus Preslei Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 501. 1840.
Physurus major Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 132. 1921.
Plant about 3 dm. high from a horizontal, root-bearing rhizome. Stem erect,
leafy near the base, pubescent and adorned with sheaths above, surpassing the
leaves. Leaves about 3, approximate, petioled; lamina lanceolate-elliptic or
lanceolate, up to about 18 cm. long and 6.2 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate below;
petiole short, indistinct, dilated below into a sheathing base. Raceme linear-
FIG. 21. Erythrodes marmorata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X K- 2, flower
from front, expanded; X 5. 3, flower from side, natural position; X 5. E.
lobatocalcar C. Schweinf. 4, plant; X %. 5, flower from front, expanded; X 5.
6, flower from side, natural position; X 5.
155
156 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
cylindric, densely many-flowered, about 13 cm. long, with a pubescent rachis.
Flowers small, nodding. Ovary arcuate-cylindric, pubescent. Dorsal sepal
oblong, concave, acute, carinate, about 4.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals linear-
lanceolate, obtuse, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip slightly exceeding
the sepals, from a linear or lanceolate-linear, longitudinally concave base dilated
above into a pair of spreading, oblong, obtuse lobules, minutely apiculate in the
middle in front. Spur obovoid or scrotiform, pendent, shorter than the lip but
about equaling the ovary, with 2 adnate, filiform calli within.
Huanuco: In mountains near "Huanocco" (Huanuco), Haenke
s.n. (type of Microchilus major, Physurus Preslei) .
No example of this concept has been available.
Erythrodes marmorata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9: 233, t. 7, figs. 1-3. 1941. Figure 21.
Plant slender, terrestrial, over 3.5 dm. tall, the lower portion decumbent and
producing scattered long, lanuginose, fibrous roots. Leaves about 7 or less,
clustered on the lower portion of the stem, petioled ; lamina ovate to oblong-ovate,
acute or short-acuminate, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base, up to 4.3 cm.
long and 2.4 cm. wide, maculate with two shades of green; petioles channelled,
dilated near the middle and forming a loose infundibuliform sheath below. Pe-
duncle slender, pilose, provided with 4 or 5 small, inconspicuous sheaths, the lower-
most forming a small blade. Inflorescence a many-flowered spike, up to nearly
7 cm. long, dense above, often becoming very loose below. Ovary very slenderly
obovoid-cylindric, finely pubescent. Flowers small, white, horizontally spreading
like those of Spiranthes. Sepals sparingly pilose. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong,
obtuse or subacute, about 5-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals linear-oblong, obtuse or
subacute, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely
oblanceolate-oblong or semielliptic-oblong, adnate to the dorsal sepal, obtuse or
subacute, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Lip tubular-
involute and 5-6.5 mm. long in natural position; basal portion elliptic-subqua-
drate when expanded; anterior portion short, abruptly dilated, forming a lunate-
reniform terminal lobe which is abruptly and obtusely acute and about 3 mm.
wide. Spur very short, ovoid-conic or scrotiform, about 2-2.3 mm. long, provided
on its inner wall with 2 pairs of small calli. Column very small, with a deeply
bilobed rostellar process.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Disto. Marcachea, near Achirani,
2600 meters, in moist humus, Vargas 11163.
Erythrodes minor (Presl) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 74. 1922.
Microchilus minor Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 94. 1827; Symb. Bot. 1: 27,
t. 16. 1830-32. Physurus minor Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 503. 1840.
Plant about 3 dm. high. Stem erect, pubescent, leafy at the base, distantly
sheathed above, much surpassing the leaves. Leaves about 3, approximate,
petioled; lamina elliptic to oval, about 5 cm. long and 3.1 cm. wide, acute or
acuminate, cuneate at the base; petiole short, channelled, dilated into a sheathing
base. Raceme linear-cylindric, up to about 9 cm. long, loosely many-flowered,
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 157
with a glabrous rachis. Flowers minute, nodding. Ovary arcuate-cylindric,
pubescent. Dorsal sepal oblong, acute, concave, carinate, about 2 mm. long.
Lateral sepals linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals adnate to the dorsal sepal.
Lip slightly exceeding the sepals, from a narrowly cuneate base gradually dilated
into 2 short diverging, triangular or triangular-ovate lobules, without a sharp
central apicule. Spur ovoid or scrotiform, not half as long as the ovary.
Huanuco: On mountains near "Huanocco" (Huanuco), Haenke
s.n.
Erythrodes multifoliata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 9:234, t. 8. 1941. Figure 22.
Plant rather large, terrestrial, the decumbent base producing verticellate
clusters of fibrous, lanuginose roots. Stem slender, glabrous, leafy throughout,
about 26.5 cm. long from the rooting portion to the tip of the inflorescence. Leaves
about 11, petioled, remote near the base and subapproximate above; blades oval to
elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, broadly cuneate below;
petioles channelled, dilated below into a loose, scarious, infundibuliform sheath,
up to 2.8 cm. long. Peduncle short, entirely concealed by loose, imbricating
sheaths. Raceme spicate, short, exceeded by some of the upper leaves, densely
many-flowered, about 5 cm. long (the upper flowers small and immature) and about
3 cm. in diameter. Ovary slender-cylindric, very sparingly pilose. Flowers small,
glabrous, spreading, with sepals pale green and lip and column white. Dorsal
sepal lanceolate-elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, concave, about 5.1 mm.
long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse, somewhat
longer than the dorsal sepal, with the anterior margin long-produced and adnate
to the spur. Petals linear-spatulate or cuneate-spatulate, suboblique, abruptly
acute to subobtuse, nearly as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip abruptly constricted
above the middle, with the lower portion longitudinally concave and the terminal
portion recurved, flat and spreading, about 4.6-5 mm. long when expanded; lower
portion broadly obovate, commonly minutely angled on each side at the apex;
terminal lobe rhombic-lunate, shortly apiculate in front, with a short broad claw,
about 3.6 mm. wide. Spur filiform-cylindric, exceeding the ovary, with the lower
portion adnate to the ovary, up to 13 mm. long.
Loreto: Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga below Yurimaguas,
135 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 28759.
Erythrodes mystacina (Reichb. f.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 74.
1922. Physurus mystacinus Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2: 183. 1873.
Size of the plant not recorded. Leaves ovate-oblong or "oblong," acute or
acuminate, petioled; blade about 7.4 cm. long and 3.3 cm. wide. Peduncle 7 cm.
or more long, with acuminate, pilose sheaths. Raceme several-flowered, about
7.5 cm. long. Sepals triangular, acute. Petals dimidiate, obliquely oblong-
cuneate or cuneate-spatulate, apiculate. Lip ventricose at the base, with the side
lobes semiovate and acute in front and the terminal lobe short, transverse, retuse-
apiculate and produced on each side into elongate fibres or fringes. Spur filiform,
arcuate, equaling the pedicellate ovary.
FIG. 22. Erythrodes multifoliata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X K. 2, flower
from front, expanded; X 5. 3, flower from side, natural position; X 5.
158
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 159
Junin: Near Chanchamayo, Nation s.n.
This description was amplified by a copy of a drawing of the
type from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Erythrodes ovata (Lindl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 74. 1922.
Physurus ovatus Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 502. 1840. Microchilus
ovatus D. Dietr. Syn. PL 5: 166. 1852.
Plant erect, about 45 cm. or more tall. Lower part about 15 cm. long (with
lowest rooting portion missing), leafy. Leaves about 8, petioled; lamina ovate-
lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, cuneate or subrounded below, up to
about 7.2 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide; petiole short but distinct, dilated below into
a loosely clasping, infundibuliform sheath. Peduncle slender, elongate, finely
downy. Raceme short, conical, densely many-flowered, about 4 cm. long, pu-
bescent. Flowers very small. Sepals linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or
subacute, the lateral ones lightly oblique. Petals narrow, shorter than the dorsal
sepal. Lip shorter than the other segments, from an elliptic-ligulate, concave base
abruptly dilated into a lunate terminal lobe which is prominently apiculate and
consists of oblong, retrorse lobules which are irregularly truncate at their apex.
Spur very short, bulbous or vesicate.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1877.
This diagnosis was prepared from the type description of Phy-
surus ovatus, amplified by a photograph bearing a floral analysis
from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Erythrodes querceticola (Lindl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 5: 29,
in footnote. 1915. Physurus querceticola Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch.
505. 1840. Microchilus querceticola D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 5: 167. 1852.
Figure 23.
Plant weak and delicate or rarely stout, rising from a decumbent, root-bearing
rhizome, glabrous throughout. Stem erect to arcuate or flexuous, 6 to about 43 cm.
long, provided with remote leaves. Leaves up to 10, petioled; lamina very variable,
ovate to linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, broadly cuneate to subcordate
below, green (sometimes mottled with whitish above), up to 8 cm. long and 3 cm.
wide, the lower blades commonly withering in course of development; petiole
short, dilated below into an infundibuliform, scarious sheath. Peduncle short or
very short. Raceme lax to dense, few- to many-flowered, up to about 10 cm. long.
Flower very small, yellowish green or white. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong to lanceo-
late, concave, subacute to obtuse, 3-4 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-
ovate, oblong-lanceolate or linear-oblong, subacute to obtuse, about as large as
the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear to linear-oblanceolate, acute or obtuse,
about as long as the sepals. Lip pandurate in outline, suborbicular and concave
to about the middle, there abruptly contracted and dilated to form an obcordate-
reniform terminal lobe with an abrupt, triangular, reflexed lobule or apicule, up to
7 mm. long including the spur. Spur short, saccate-obovoid to shortly cylindric-
clavate, more or less retuse (and thus bilobulate at the apex).
160 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 547, 569.
A widespread and variable species extending from Florida to
Texas (U.S.A.), the West Indies, Mexico to Costa Rica, Venezuela
and Peru.
The Peruvian collections are small plants with very narrow
leaves and relatively longer spur than typical.
Erythrodes repens (Poepp. & Endl.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 75,
1922. Pelexia repens Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 17, t. 124.
figs. a-e. 1838. Physurus repens Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 502. 1840;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 230. 1895. Microchilus repens
D. Dietr. Syn. PI. 5: 166. 1852.
Plant medium-sized, with a creeping base that produces alternate, long, tomen-
tose roots. Stem erect from a decumbent base, glabrous, about 1-3 dm. high to
the tip of the inflorescence, leafy in the middle, provided with sheaths above the
leaves. Leaves 5-6, approximate, petioled; lamina lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,
acute or short-acuminate, cuneate below, green and sometimes spotted above,
blood-red beneath, about 5-8 cm. long, up to 2 cm. wide; petiole short, up to 2 cm.
long, dilated below into an infundibuliform, membranaceous sheath. Raceme
spicate, rather short, cylindric, rather densely many-flowered, 7-18 cm. long.
Flowers small, greenish. Ovary arcuate, slender-ellipsoid, pilose. Dorsal sepal
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, concave, obtuse, about 4.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals
spreading, falcate, obliquely elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely
acute, about equaling the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear-spatulate, rounded
to acute, apparently a little shorter than the sepals. Lip about 3.5 mm. long, with
the lower portion to above the middle obovate or ovate-elliptic, concave, with
rounded spreading apices, then abruptly contracted on each side and dilated into
a reniform terminal lobe with short lateral lobules, apiculate in the center. Spur
clavate-filiform, arcuate, shorter than the ovary.
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) and Cuchero (Co-
chero), in mountain woods, Poeppig 1071.
This diagnosis is a compromise between the descriptions, the
analytical floral analysis being somewhat at variance with Cogniaux'
diagnosis, which was likewise based upon the type. No material of
this concept is available.
Erythrodes santensis (Kranzl.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 9: 128. 1941. Physurus santensis Kranzl. Kungl.
Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 46: 39, t. 7, fig. 6. 1911.
Plant rather low, terrestrial, the lower portion usually decumbent and pro-
ducing long, scattered, lanuginose, fibrous roots. Stem from the rooting portion
up to the peduncle about 16 cm. tall, rarely with a short lateral branch, rather
loosely several-leaved, the only persistent leaves (3-5) being clustered near the
apex. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acute or acumi-
FIG. 23. Erythrodes quercelicola (Lindl.) Ames. 1, plant; X 1. 2, flower,
side view; X 5. 3, dorsal sepal; X 5. 4, petal; X 5. 5, lateral sepal; X 5. 6, lip
and spur, front view; X 5. 7, fruits; X 1.
161
162 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
nate, cuneate below with the indistinct petiole dilated below into a tubular-
sheathing, scarious base; lamina up to 9.3 cm. long and 2.1 cm. wide, with 3-5
prominent nerves. Inflorescence 6-8 cm. long, the short peduncle more or less
concealed by several erect, imbricating sheaths; raceme densely several- to many-
flowered, the rachis 2-5.5 cm. long. Flowers rather small. Sepals sparingly
glandular-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal deeply concave (especially at the
base), about 7 mm. or less long in natural position, long-narrowed to an obtuse
apex. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, slightly
longer and distinctly narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals strongly adnate to,
and shorter than, the dorsal sepal, oblong-obovate in outline, from a cuneate base
gradually dilated on the posterior margin and abruptly dilated on the anterior
margin into a broad, obliquely bilobed apical portion, with the posterior lobe
longer, triangular and acute or subacute and the anterior lobe low and obtuse.
Lip sharply 3-lobed, about 7.5 mm. or less long when expanded; basal lobes tri-
angular with a broad rounded, subcordate base, gradually narrowed in front to an
oblong-linear claw, provided with an incurved semilunate keel; apical lobe con-
sisting of a pair of oblong-lanceolate falcate lobules which in natural position are
reversed, porrect and incurved-forcipate, but when expanded are retrorsely
curved, the tips almost reaching the base of the lip, and the apex broadly rounded;
spur cylindric-clavate, about 5.2 mm. or less long, the inner walls near the apex
with 2 pairs of short irregular keels. Column short, with an elongate, elliptic,
bidentate rostellum.
Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, in forest, "outer
tepals reddish brown without, green within, lateral inner tepals
white with reddish brown dots and stripes, labellum white," Asplund
13393. Also Brazil (type), Surinam and Colombia.
Erythrodes simplex C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc.
Exact. Fisic. y Nat. 5, no. 19: 348. 1943.
Plant terrestrial, medium-sized, up to about 4.1 dm. tall, rising from a de-
cumbent rhizome which produces simple, stout, lanuginose roots. Leaves clustered
on the lower part of the stem, about 9, petioled; lamina lanceolate-elliptic, acumi-
nate, cuneate below, up to about 7 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide, membranaceous,
with the uppermost blade widely separated; petiole up to about 2.5 cm. long,
gradually dilated below into a loosely sheathing, infundibuliform base. Peduncle
elongate, glabrous below, rather densely glandular-pilose above, up to 21 cm. long,
with 3 small, remote sheaths. Raceme spicate, loosely or subdensely many-
flowered, up to 11 cm. long. Ovary arcuate, oblong-ellipsoid, nearly glabrous.
Flowers small, greenish yellow, the sepals being glandular-pubescent without.
Dorsal sepal deeply concave, ovate-elliptic, rounded and sometimes minutely
apiculate at the apex, about 5.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals about as long but much
narrower, oblanceolate-obovate, obtuse, lightly concave. Petals forming a galea
with the dorsal sepal, obliquely spatulate-cuneate, rounded at the apex, nearly
as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip very short, produced into a spur, about 9 mm.
long from the apex of the lip to the tip of the spur; lamina simple, deeply concave,
transversely suborbicular-oval when forcibly expanded, broadly truncate in front
with a thin border which is gradually dilated in the middle into a small recurved
apex. Spur ellipsoid, much shorter than the ovary, dorso-ventrally complanate,
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 163
retuse, lightly 4-lobulate, about 5 mm. long, with a lobulate appendage on each
side of the inner wall.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, vicinity of Puyupatamarca area
(Wenner Gren National Park), 3200 meters, in humus of forest,
Vargas 2771 (type) . Also Ecuador.
Erythrodes stenocentron (Schltr.) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 75.
1922. Physurus stenocentron Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 60.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 108, no. 424. 1929.
Plant erect, about 25 cm. high, from a decumbent, rooting rhizome. Stem
strict or substrict, glabrous, with about 5 leaves. Leaves petioled; lamina obliquely
elliptic, acuminate, rounded-cuneate below, up to 9 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide;
petiole rather short, dilated below into a sheathing base, up to 2.5 cm. long.
Peduncle short, about 3 cm. long, bearing a few sheaths. Raceme erect, densely
many-flowered, subsecund, about 7 cm. long, with the rachis minutely glandular-
puberulent. Flowers rather small, subglabrous. Ovary slender-ellipsoid, sparingly
glandular. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, about 4 mm. long. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, decurrent below, about equaling the
dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely linear-spatulate, subobtuse, a little shorter than
the dorsal sepal. Lip 3.5 mm. long, with the basal portion (up to near the apex)
oval, concave, and terminating on each side in porrect rounded lobules, then
abruptly contracted and finally dilated into a short-clawed, subquadrate-reniform,
terminal lobe which is apiculate in the center. Spur narrowly cylindric, about
6 mm. long, slightly surpassing the pedicellate ovary.
Junin: Near La Merced, Kohler s.n.
No material of this species was seen.
Erythrodes valida (Rolfe) Ames, Orchidaceae 7: 78. 1922.
Physurus validus Rolfe, Kew Bull. 1912. 134.
Stem stout. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, attenuate below, about 13 cm.
long, 3-5 cm. wide. Raceme elongate, thick-cylindric, densely many-flowered,
about 15 cm. long, with the rachis sparsely pilose. Pedicellate ovary arcuate,
sparingly pilose, about 1 cm. long. Flowers small, whitish. Dorsal sepal broadly
oblong, obtuse, 3-4 mm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat longer, linear, subobtuse.
Petals obliquely oblong, subobtuse, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip 4 mm.
long, narrow below, expanded in front into a lunate terminal lobe 4 mm. wide.
Spur cylindric, incurved, about half as long as the ovary.
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded.
This diagnosis was drawn from the original description, without
any authenticating specimen.
STELIS Sw. ( Humboldtia Ruiz & Pavon, in part)
A large genus of minute to medium-sized American orchids ranging from
Mexico and the West Indies through Central America to Brazil, Bolivia and Peru.
164 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plants commonly caespitose, rarely with a long, creeping rhizome. Stems 1- to
several-sheathed, usually bearing a solitary leaf at or near the summit. Leaf oval
to linear, subsessile to petiolate, more or less coriaceous. Inflorescences one to
numerous, racemose, axillary or nearly so, few- to many-flowered, secund or
distichous, more or less elongate, loose or dense. Floral bracts minute to con-
spicuous. Flowers minute to medium-sized, regular or bilabiate. Sepals more or
less connate into a shallow cup, subequal or with the dorsal distinct from the more
or less connate lateral sepals. Petals much smaller, commonly broad and usually
with thickened apical margins. Lip similar to the petals in size, sessile or nearly
so, simple or 3-lobed, more or less fleshy. Column commonly abbreviated, footless,
usually dilated above with a 3-lobed apex. Pollinia 2, waxy.
Al. Flowers strongly irregular, more or less bilabiate, i.e., with the dorsal
sepal distinct and the lateral sepals more or less deeply connate I
A2. Flowers more or less regular, not bilabiate, with the sepals subequal or at
least distinct 23
la. Lip 3-lobed or 3-dentate (lightly to very sharply) 1
Ib. Lip simple 9
la. Basal half of the lip narrowly oblong; lateral lobes formed by the spreading
halves of an abrupt, bilobed callus S. inversa
Ib. Basal half of the lip not narrowly oblong; lateral lobes not made by the
spreading halves of a bilobed callus 2
2a. Mid-lobe of the lip broad, neither lanceolate nor linear-triangular 3
2b. Mid-lobe of the lip relatively narrow, either lanceolate or narrowly tri-
angular, sometimes consisting of a long cusp or mucro 6
3a. Dorsal sepal 5-nerved; mid-lobe of the lip very short 4
3b. Dorsal sepal 3-nerved; mid-lobe of the lip much exceeding the lateral
lobes 5
4a. Plant proliferous; floral bracts spreading; mid-lobe of the lip mucronate.
S. chachapoyensis1
4b. Plant not proliferous; floral bracts appressed; mid-lobe of the lip rounded
at the apex S. polycarpa
5a. Sepals campanulate, pubescent within; lateral lobes of the lip about in
the middle S. velutina
5b. Sepals widely spreading, glabrous; lateral lobes of the lip near the base.
S. curvicarina
6a. Petals strongly acuminate or long-awned 7
6b. Petals obtuse to weakly trilobulate 8
7a. Stems usually proliferating; leaves acute or subacute, abruptly short-
cuneate at the base; flowers usually pink or whitish yellow S. triseta
7b. Stems usually simple; leaves obtuse, long-narrowed at the base; flowers
commonly greenish or wine-color S. triseta var. pardipes
8a. Secondary stems approximate; lip apparently ecallose, excavated near
the base S. melicoides
1 The position of this species in the key was assigned on the basis of a record
of the entire plant from the Reichenbach Herbarium, in addition to Lindley's
description of the species in Fol. Orch. Stelis (1858) 12, no. 92. No actual material
has been seen.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 165
Secondary stems more or less remote; lip with a trilobulate callus at the
base S. lobata
9a. Dorsal sepal 3-nerved, at least above the very base 10
9b. Dorsal sepal 5- or more-nerved 17
lOa. Lip with a pair of prominent calli or a large, commonly bilobed (not
hippocrepiform) callus 11
lOb. Lip without a pair of separate calli or large bilobed callus, but sometimes
with a hippocrepiform callus 16
lla. Flowers very small, dorsal sepal 2 mm. long; lip with 2 separate, converging
calli; racemes 2-4 on one plant S. rhomboglossa
lib. Flowers larger, dorsal sepal 3 mm. or more long; lip with 1 large, usually
more or less bilobed callus 12
12a. Dorsal sepal about 3-4 mm. long 13
12b. Dorsal sepal about 4.8 mm. or more long 15
13a. Plant large; stems 13 cm. or more long; lamina of the leaf elliptic to
oblong-ovate, 3.7 cm. or more wide S. rhombilabia
13b. Plant smaller; stems 9 cm. or less long; lamina of the leaf elliptic-oblong
or narrower, 1.3 cm. or less wide 14
14a. Rhizome prominent, elongate, ascending; lip triangular-ovate; racemes
subdensely to loosely flowered S. ascensor
14b. Rhizome abbreviated, stems caespitose; lip transversely obovate-rhombic;
racemes very densely flowered S. gracilispica
15a. Flowers campanulate; dorsal sepal deeply connate with the lateral sepals;
rhizome abbreviated S. concaviflora
15b. Flowers with spreading segments; dorsal sepal only slightly connate with
the lateral sepals; rhizome conspicuous, ascending S. punoensis
16a. Lateral sepals connate nearly to the apex; petals transverse, obovate-
reniform; lip without a definite callus S. flacca1
16b. Lateral sepals apparently free nearly to the base; petals not transverse, sub-
orbicular-obovate; lip with a hippocrepiform callus near the base . .S. macro,
17a. Inflorescence shorter than or subequaling the leaf 18
17b. Inflorescence much surpassing the leaf 19
18a. Rhizome abbreviated; stems much shorter than the leaf . . . . S. Tessmannii
18b. Rhizome elongate and conspicuous; stems subequaling or exceeding the
leaf S. dupliciformis
19a. Lamina of the connate lateral sepals about twice as broad as the dorsal
sepal; lip 3-carinate below S. cupuligera
19b. Lamina of the connate lateral sepals little broader than the dorsal sepal;
lip not 3-carinate 20
20a. Lip apiculate; bracts of the inflorescence strongly appressed, the empty
ones below the raceme enlarged S. acutissima
20b. Lip not apiculate; the empty bracts below the raceme not markedly
larger than the others 21
21a. Dorsal sepal distinctly longer than broad S. purpurea
21b. Dorsal sepal subequally long and broad or broader than long 22
1 The position of this species in the key is based upon the form of the lip
described by Reichenbach, rather than that described by Lindley. No specimens
have been seen.
166 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
22a. Plant large, stem about 8 cm. or more tall; leaf more or less acute: flowers
reddish or brown to dark purple S. densiflora
22b. Plant small, stem commonly 6.5 cm. or less tall; leaf obtuse when mature;
flowers yellow or yellowish S. connata
23a. Rhizome ascending or elongate and conspicuous 24
23b. Rhizome abbreviated or, if developed, inconspicuous; secondary stems
caespitose 38
24a. Sepals 5-nerved 25
24b. Sepals 3-nerved; flowers mostly relatively small 26
25a. Rachis of the inflorescence stout; floral bracts short, subtruncate, mucro-
nate or acute; flowers large, dorsal sepal 4.5-5.8 mm. long.
S. quinquenervia1
25b. Rachis of the inflorescence slender; floral bracts long, acuminate; flowers
smaller, dorsal sepal about 3 mm. long S. Lindenii
26a. Lip acute or apiculate 27
26b. Lip obtuse, rarely subacute 32
27a. Petals suborbicular, membranaceous; lip not callose S. ascendens
27b. Petals transverse, more or less thickened on the upper margin; lip bi-
callose or conspicuously callose-thickened in the middle or below 28
28a. Sepals rhombic-ovate, glabrous; lip transversely suborbicular-quadrate,
lightly retuse and apiculate S. rhizomatosa
28b. Sepals ovate or suborbicular-ovate; lip not transversely suborbicular-
quadrate or retuse-apiculate 29
29a. Inner surface of the sepals glabrous or nearly so 30
29b. Inner surface of the sepals distinctly papillose or lanate; lip transversely
ovate, acute to subacute 31
30a. Lip quadrate-obovate; flowers minute, sepals about 1.2 mm. or less long.
S. Gonzaleziana
30b. Lip transversely ovate-triangular; flowers larger, dorsal sepal about 3 mm.
long S. eublepharis var. glabriflora
3 la. Leaf long-petioled; inflorescence subequaling the leaf or a little longer.
S. eublepharis
31b. Leaf subsessile; inflorescence twice as long as the leaf or more. .S. discolor
32a. Secondary stems all approximate; lip obovate-subquadrate with a very
broadly rounded apex S. Filomenoi
32b. Secondary stems (or most of them) subremote to distant, sometimes in
groups 33
33a. Sepals very broadly triangular-ovate, 3- to 5-nerved; plant large (from
the base of the secondary stems to the tip of the inflorescence 27 cm. or
more high) S. Lindenii
33b. Sepals ovate, not broadly triangular-ovate; plant smaller 34
34a. Secondary stems appressed to the long-creeping, subnaked rhizome;
inflorescences flowering almost to the base S. scansor
34b. Secondary stems ascending at an acute angle from the root-bearing
rhizome; inflorescences not flowering to the base 35
1 In the type collection of this species, the rhizome, which had been broken
off, was described as creeping and abbreviated, but a more recently discovered
collection of this species shows a distinctly ascending, rather elongate rhizome.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 167
Floral bracts large and conspicuous, up to 6.5 mm. long at the base of the
raceme; lip ovate, callose only near the base S. grandibracteata
Floral bracts small to minute, up to 3.5 mm. long at the base of the ra-
ceme 36
Lip transversely ovate, callose-thickened near the base.
S. eublepharis var. glabriflora
Lip obovate or transversely cuneate-trapeziform (when viewed from
above), callose-thickened near the middle 37
Sepals unequal, with the dorsal sepal markedly larger; lip simple; petiole
of the leaf a gradual extension of the leaf-base S. dispar
Sepals about equal; lip subtrilobed with equal lobules; petiole of the leaf
abrupt and distinct S. lancea
Floral bracts approximate to imbricating, especially above 39
Floral bracts not approximate or imbricating, distinctly separate to re-
mote in mature racemes 48
Bracts widely spreading, conspicuous and exceeding the pedicellate ovary;
lip truncate and more or less trilobulate in front S. serra
Bracts not widely spreading, strongly ascending to incurved or appressed,
commonly inconspicuous 40
Leaf -blade narrowly cuneate-spatulate, rounded at the apex; sepals rela-
tively narrow, oblong-ovate S. spathulata
Leaf-blade lanceolate-elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong or oval 41
Sepals rounded above; bracts very prominent, falcate-incurved, much
exceeding the flowers S. disticha
Sepals obtuse or acute to subacuminate; bracts not exceeding the flowers. 42
Dorsal sepal 5-nerved; plant stout S. phaeomelana
Dorsal sepal 1- to 3-nerved or 3-striate 43
Flowers minute, sepals 1 mm. long S. hylophila
Flowers larger, sepals about 2 mm. or more long 44
Lip conspicuously acute or apiculate 45
Lip broadly rounded or at most subacute above 47
Sepals 3-striate, subfleshy; inflorescences with abbreviated peduncles
(i.e., flowering almost to the base) S. striolata1
Sepals not 3-striate; inflorescences with a distinct, more or less elongate
peduncle 46
Inner surface of the sepals pubescent; leaves oblong to oval, about 2 cm.
or more wide S. floribunda
Inner surface of the sepals glabrous; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceo-
late, about 1.7 cm. or less wide S. bicallosa
Leaf abruptly contracted above with a very obtuse or rounded tip; sepals
rather fleshy S. attenuata
Leaf gradually narrowed above, not broadly obtuse to rounded at the tip;
sepals membranaceous S. Lindleyana
48a. Lip acute (rarely subacute) or apiculate, sometimes minutely so 49
48b. Lip obtuse (subacute in S. eublepharis) to rounded, truncate or bilobed . . 66
1 This species is presumed to be caespitose (without a creeping rhizome),
although no mention is made in the description of its manner of growth, nor
is there any evidence in the photograph of the type in the Lindley Herbarium.
168 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
49a. Dorsal sepal 5- to rarely 7-nerved ; flowers among the largest in the genus . 50
49b. Dorsal sepal 1- to 3-nerved (rarely S. Endresii has the lateral nerves
with short branches) 53
50a. Entire lamina of the lip fleshy-thickened, prominently and sharply apicu-
late with an incurved point S. leucopogon1
50b. Entire lamina of the lip not fleshy-thickened, i.e., with a prominent
excavation above the middle 51
51a. Lip truncate or rounded-truncate at the apex, usually with a minute
apicule in the center S. Koehleri
51b. Lip triangular-acute at the apex 52
52a. Sepals sharply acute to short-acuminate; lip oval-oblong in outline.
S. megistantha
52b. Sepals obtuse or subacute; lip broadly ovate in outline. . . . S. quinquenervia
53a. Mature leaves narrowly linear or narrowly oblanceolate, 6 mm. or less
wide (if 6 mm. wide, acute or tridenticulate) 54
53b. Mature leaves broader (not narrowly linear or linear-oblanceolate),
7 mm. or more wide; plants commonly medium-sized to large 57
54a. Lip triangular-cordate, with serrulate margins on each side; sepals obtuse.
S. stenophylla*
54b. Lip not triangular-cordate and with entire margins 55
55a. Flowers distant, rather few; lip ovate, apiculate S. apiculata
55b. Flowers dense, numerous; lip not strictly ovate and apiculate 56
56a. Leaf thickly coriaceous, surpassing the raceme; lip ovate-subquadrate
with rounded lateral angles in front S. minuta
56b. Leaf membranaceous, shorter than the raceme; lip rhombic-ovate with
sharp lateral angles S. capillaris
57a. Sepals prominently 1-nerved, often with short and indistinct lateral nerves
near the base 58
57b. Sepals (at least the dorsal one) 3-nerved or 3-striate 60
58a. Disc of the lip without any definite callus S. uninervia
58b. Disc of the lip with a prominent retuse or bilobed callus near the base ... 59
59a. Inflorescences shorter than the leaf or slightly surpassing the leaf; sepals
ovate, about 1 mm. long; lip obovate-subquadrate S. hylophila
59b. Inflorescences always much surpassing the leaf; sepals ovate or oblong-
ovate, about 2 mm. long; lip rhombic-ovate or suborbicular-obovate.
S. bicallosa
60a. Lip broadest at the base, distinctly narrowed above with a triangular
apex; flowers relatively large S. juninensis
60b. Lip broader above the middle, or about equally broad altogether, more or
less abruptly contracted in front 61
61a. Anterior part of the lip without a distinct, large excavated portion, i.e., the
thickening extending nearly or quite to the apex 62
61b. Anterior part of the lip with a more or less extensive excavated portion;
i.e., the thickening confined to the basal and middle parts 63
1 Some forms of this species from Central America have 3-nerved sepals.
2 While the descriptions of this concept make no mention of the neuration of
the sepals, those of the supposed allies are 3-neryed, and the height of the plant was
measured from a drawing of the type in the Reichenbach Herbarium.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 169
62a. Racemes much exceeding the subtending leaf; sepals triangular-ovate or
very broadly ovate S. Endresii
62b. Racemes shorter than or subequaling the subtending leaf; sepals elliptic-
ovate S. diffusa
63a. Inflorescence floriferous almost to the base S. Herzogii
63b. Inflorescence with a more or less elongate peduncle below the raceme ... 64
64a. Rachis strongly fractiflex; flowers distant S. flexuosa1
64b. Rachis not strongly fractiflex; flowers approximate 65
65a. Sepals more or less densely pubescent on the inner surface; lip retuse and
apiculate at the apex S. floribunda
65b. Sepals glabrous; lip acute and more or less apiculate S. bicallosa
66a. Dorsal sepal prominently 5-nerved; flowers large for the genus.
S. Koehleri
66b. Dorsal sepal either without nerves or 1- to 3-nerved (rarely with 1 or 2
supplementary nerves in S. elatior and S. triangulisepala) ; flowers usually
small to minute 67
67a. Sepals apparently without nerves; plant very small, about 4 cm. or less
high; leaves oval to suborbicular S. concinna
67b. Sepals 1- to 3-nerved; plant larger, usually 5 cm. or much more high; leaves
elliptic-oblong or ligulate (less often linear-oblong to obovate or oblanceo-
late) 68
68a. Lip more or less 3-lobed or 3-lobulate 69
68b. Lip simple or bilobed 72
69a. Sepals 1-nerved, often with a pair of indistinct lateral nerves 70
69b. Sepals 3-nerved; lobules of the lip subequal 71
70a. Flowers rather distant; sepals obtuse; lip sharply 3-lobed or 3-dentate.
S. mononeura
70b. Flowers approximate; sepals acute; lip at most obscurely 3-lobulate.
S. hylophila
71a. Inflorescences subequaling or slightly exceeding the leaf; lip fleshy-
thickened below the middle S. recurvula
71b. Inflorescences about 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaf; lip callose in the
middle or above S. Weberbaueri
72a. Rachis of the raceme markedly fractiflex or flexuous 73
72b. Rachis of the raceme straight or nearly so, sometimes arcuate or in part
lightly fractiflex (in S. breviracema and S. hirta) 75
73a. Dorsal sepal distinctly larger than the lateral sepals; leaf long-petioled,
with the lamina linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic-oblong S. Hallii
73b. Sepals subequal; leaf shortly or indistinctly petioled 74
74a. Sepals ovate, acute or subacute S. piestopus
74b. Sepals ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex.
S. flexuosa
75a. Sepals more or less pubescent within. 76
75b. Sepals glabrous within 80
1 This concept was described as having a minute apicule between the apical
lobules of the lip, but a flower from apparently authentic material appears to lack
any apicule. However, it is entered in both branches of the key.
170 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
76a. Inner surface of the sepals with long hairs 77
76b. Inner surface of the sepals without long hairs; lip truncate at the apex ... 78
77a. Lip suborbicular, membranaceous, 3-striate S. hirta
77b. Lip transversely ovate-triangular, subacute to obtuse, with a fleshy
transverse keel S. eublepharis1
78a. Leaf oblong-spatulate; lip angulate (with 4 sharp angles) S. tricardium
78b. Leaf linear to elliptic-oblong; lip not angulate 79
79a. Lamina of the leaf linear to elliptic-linear, 8 mm. or less wide; lip short,
transversely carinate or callose in the middle S. intermedia*
79b. Lamina of the leaf oblong or elliptic-oblong, commonly 10 mm. or more
wide; lip quadrate-oblong or oblong-cuneate, transversely carinate near
the apex S. simacoensis
80a. Inflorescences shorter than the subtending leaf S. breviracema
80b. Inflorescences distinctly surpassing the subtending leaf, usually much so . 81
81a. Lip bicallose near the base or through the lower half, thinly membra-
naceous above S. bicallosa
81b. Lip not bicallose near the base or thinly membranaceous above 82
82a. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, noticeably longer than broad 83
82b. Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate or suborbicular-ovate, subequally long and
broad 85
83a. Plant small; lamina of the leaf 3.8 cm. or less long and 9 mm. or less wide.
S. affinis
83b. Plant relatively large; lamina of the leaf about 9 (rarely 4.5) cm. or more
long and 12 mm. or more wide 84
84a. Sepals very unequal, with the dorsal sepal larger than the laterals; lip
narrowed to an obtuse tip S. santiagoensis
84b. Sepals subequal; lip broadly rounded above S. elatior
85a. Plant large, 18 cm. or more tall S. viridipurpurea
85b. Plant small, 15 cm. or less tall 86
86a. Flowers relatively large, dorsal sepal about 4.1 mm. long.
S. triangulisepala
86b. Flowers very small, dorsal sepal about 2 mm. or less long 87
87a. Sepals triangular-ovate; lip suborbicular with 2 obscure longitudinal
humps through the middle S. nephropetala
87b. Sepals suborbicular-ovate; lip rhombic-ovate with a transverse callus
through the middle S. Hallii var. minor
Stelis acutiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 139. 1805.
Humboldtia acutiflora Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
236. 1798. = obscure species.
1 A photograph of the type number of this species from the Delessert Her-
barium in Geneva appears to show an abbreviated rhizome and caespitose habit.
However, the type collection of the recently described S. eublepharis var. glabriflora
has an ascending rhizome.
2 This characterization and position in the key are based on three collections
which I have referred to this inadequately described concept. They differ from
Cogniaux' diagnosis in having apparently coriaceous leaves and slightly larger,
pubescent sepals.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 171
Huanuco: Pozuzo, on trees and rocks, Pavdn s.n.
Judging from the photograph of Humboldtia acutiflora (sterile)
in the Ames Herbarium, this concept is probably referable to
Pleurothallis.
Stelis acutissima Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 14, no. 108. 1858.
Plant large for the genus, 25 cm. or more tall. Stem about 12.5 cm. high,
with a long, loose, tubular-infundibuliform sheath in the middle. Leaf about
equally long, narrowed to a slender, channelled petiole; lamina elliptic-oblong,
about 9 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, very obtuse. Inflorescences 1-2, about twice as
long as the leaf or more, with several large empty bracts below. Raceme dis-
tichous, rather densely many-flowered, with closely appressed, approximate or
imbricating bracts. Flowers rather large, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse,
5-nerved, apparently about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a sub-
orbicular-ovate, concave, bidentate lamina. Petals and lip very small, fleshy-
thickened on the margins. Lip apparently triangular, apiculate.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
I have examined a photograph of the type of this species together
with a floral analysis from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis affinis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean1. Harvard Univ. 15:
9, t. 4. 1951. Figure 24.
Plant small, slender, caespitose or with an abbreviated rhizome. Stems
crowded, short, up to 6 cm. long, concealed by 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf
solitary, more or less erect, acute, gradually narrowed below into an indistinct
petiole, 3.1-4.4 cm. long; lamina narrowly elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, up to
9 mm. wide. Racemes 1 to 3 to a stem, erect or suberect, much surpassing the
leaf, up to 10 cm. long, densely many-flowered. Floral bracts small, shallowly
infundibuliform. Flowers very small, dull yellow, glabrous. Sepals connate at
the base, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, about 2.5 mm. long. Lateral
sepals suborbicular-ovate, a little shorter and slightly wider than the dorsal sepal.
Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely oval, fleshy-thickened at the
broadly rounded apex. Lip about as long as the petals, transversely ovate,
concave, broadly rounded in front, subcordate on each side at the base, with
a prominent fleshy, transverse, bilobed keel near the base.
Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, below Ollachea, 2500 meters, Var-
gas 6947.
Stelis alba HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 363. 1816 = obscure
species.
Plant small, caespitose. Stems up to 3.7 cm. long, entirely concealed by
3 loose, tubular, imbricating sheaths. Leaf oblong-elliptic, very shortly petioled,
acute or subacute, up to about 7.8 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide. Spike solitary,
FIG. 24. Stelis affinis C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. 2, flower from front;
X 10. 3, petal; X 20. 4, lip from side; X 20. 5, lip from front; X 20.
172
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 173
about 10 cm. tall, subtended at the base by a conspicuous, conduplicate spathe
about 1.2 cm. long. Flowers subdense, very small, nodding, white. Sepals
oblong or ovate-oblong, acute. Petals minute, cuneate-rhombic.
Cajamarca and Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 135. 1921. Also Colombia (type).
A photograph of what is apparently the type collection of this
species from the Humboldt, Bonpland Herbarium in Paris adds
little to the type description. It appears to be allied to Stelis
floribunda HBK.
Stelis apiculata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 11, no. 76. 1858.
Plant small, densely caespitose, diffuse, up to about 6 cm. high. Leaf ob-
lanceolate-linear, up to about 4.5 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, apiculate, gradually
long-petioled below. Inflorescence capillary, much exceeding the leaf, lax, com-
monly very loosely few- to several-flowered. Flowers very minute. Sepals ovate.
Petals much smaller, narrowly cuneate, 1-nerved, thickened at the rounded apex.
Lip broadly ovate, abruptly lobulate-apiculate.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
A photograph of the type, bearing a floral analysis from the
Lindley Herbarium at Kew, was examined.
Stelis ascendens Lindl. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1836; Fol.
Orch. Stelis 9, no. 64. 1858. Humboldtia oblonga Willd. ex Lindl.
Fol. Orch. Stelis 9, no. 64. 1858, in synon.
Plant small, with an elongate, ascending, sheathed rhizome. Secondary stems
short, ascending, more or less remote, up to about 3 cm. long. Leaf oblong-elliptic,
shortly petioled, up to about 4 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, coriaceous, subacute or
obtuse. Inflorescence about twice as long as the leaf, quaquaversal, loosely many-
flowered. Flowers very small, globose. Sepals connate below, ovate, acute, sub-
equal. Petals much smaller, subrotund, membranaceous, with 3 clavate veins.
Lip similar to the petals, acute, fleshy.
Tacna: Valley of Lloa (Loa), about 2400 meters, Hall s.n. (type).
— Loreto, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.
I have examined a sheet from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew
bearing the type collection with floral analysis.
Stelis ascensor C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15: 10, t. 5. 1951. Figure 25.
Plant medium-sized, slender. Rhizome ascending, slender, concealed by
tubular, evanescent sheaths. Stems strongly ascending, more or less approximate
174 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
(up to 1.5 cm. apart), about 7.6-9 cm. long, with 3 rather loose, tubular sheaths,
the uppermost large and separated from the others. Leaf solitary, petioled, up to
9.4 cm. long; lamina narrowly elliptic-oblong or oblong, acute, cuneate below,
6-8 cm. long, up to 13 mm. wide. Racemes solitary (rarely 2) to a stem, much
surpassing the leaf, subdensely many-flowered but looser below, with the flowers
secund in anthesis, about 13-17 cm. long. Floral bracts small, spreading. Flowers
small, bilabiate, glabrous, yellow-brown. Sepals 3-nerved, connate at the base.
Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, subacute, about 3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate
to the middle or above, deeply concave, suborbicular-ovate, shorter and slightly
wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely
oval, broadly rounded and somewhat fleshy-thickened above. Lip slightly longer
than the petals, broadly triangular-ovate, concave, subacute or obtuse, truncate-
subcordate at the base, with a large fleshy thickening in the center of the base.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000
meters, in sunny, rocky places, Vargas 3115.
Stelis aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. PL 2: 524. 1807. Hum-
boldtia aspera Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 236. 1798.
= Pleurothallis sp.
The cordate-lanceolate leaf, as well as the congested flowers, of
the type description of Humboldtia aspera, clearly indicate the
genus Pleurothallis.
Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.—
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Churupallana, on mountains, Pavdn s.n.
(type).
Stelis attenuata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 2, no. 7. 1858. Stelis
Lindleyana Cogn. var. carnosior C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 10: 120. 1942.
Plant caespitose (often densely so), medium-sized, up to about 27 cm. tall.
Stems short, 3-6.5 cm. high, entirely concealed by several tubular, imbricating
sheaths. Leaf solitary, shortly and indistinctly petioled, 9-18.3 cm. long; lamina
narrowly oblong to elliptic-oblong, abruptly obtuse, cuneate below, up to 2.4
cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, slender, more or less surpassing the leaf, up to
24 cm. long, strict or flexuous, densely many-flowered, with the flowers subsecund
or spiral in course of development. Floral bracts small, appressed, mostly ap-
proximate or imbricating and looser below. Flowers very small, subglobose,
greenish yellow, green or dark purple. Sepals connate at the base, 3- or indis-
tinctly 5-nerved, rather fleshy, finely papillose within especially near the margins.
Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute, up to 3.2 mm. long and nearly as broad. Lateral
sepals similar but slightly smaller, round-ovate, obtuse to subacute. Petals much
smaller than the sepals, subquadrate-cuneate, rather fleshy above. Lip similar to
the petals in size, cuneate-subquadrate with a truncate apex or (when viewed from
the front) with a broadly rounded apex; disc with a transverse, fleshy thickening
near the middle.
FIG. 25. Slelis ascensor C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. 2, flower from side,
natural position; about X 4. 3, flower from front, expanded; X 8. 4, petal; X 20.
5, lip from front; X 20. 6, lip from side; X 20.
175
176 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, epiphyte in open woods, Killip & Smith 23150. — Cajamarca,
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.— Junin: San
Ramon, 900-1300 meters, epiphyte in dry woods, Killip & Smith
24753. Also Colombia (type).
Stelis bicallosa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 63. 1921; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 109, nr. 428. 1929.
Plant caespitose, variable, small to medium-sized, up to 30 cm. tall. Stems
about 4-12 cm. long, more or less concealed by several tubular sheaths. Leaf
solitary, shortly petioled; lamina oblong to narrowly elliptic-oblong or elliptic-
lanceolate, sometimes slightly broader above the middle, 4-11.6 cm. long, up to
1.9 cm. wide, obtuse to acute, gradually narrowed below. Inflorescences 1 to
several, commonly about twice as long as the leaf, densely many-flowered, up to
19 cm. long. Bracts small, inconspicuous. Flowers very small, membranaceous,
subglabrous, greenish yellow or whitish yellow. Sepals connate at the base, free
portions subequal, ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse to apiculate, more or less dis-
tinctly 3-nerved, about 2 mm. long. Petals minute, suborbicular-obovate,
thickened at the rounded or subtruncate apex. Lip similar to the petals in size,
suborbicular-obovate or rhombic-ovate, concave, bicallose or with a deeply
bilobed callus occupying the basal half, membranaceous above, acute to apiculate
(rarely obtuse) at the apex.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22753 (large plant
with apiculate sepals). — Cuzco: Ollantaytambo, about 3000 meters,
on reforested terraces, Cook & Gilbert 616. Prov. of Convention,
Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200 meters, epiphyte in dense
forest, Vargas 2545. — Huanuco: Between Huanuco and Pampayaco
(Pampayacu), Kanehira 341. Mito, about 2700 meters, "on ledges
of dryish grass-shrub slope," Macbride & Feather stone 1685, Mac-
bride 3283.—Jumn: Beyond Palca, 2200-2600 meters, Weberbauer
1795 (type). Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2000 meters, epiphyte
on grass-steppe covering mountain side, Woytkowski 37009.
Stelis breviracema C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 12, t. 6. 1951. Figure 26.
Plant medium-sized, about 18.5 cm. or less high, subcaespitose with a some-
what abbreviated, creeping rhizome. Stems crowded, slender, about 4.7-9.5 cm.
long, with 2-3 close, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is elongate and
separated. Leaf solitary, long-petioled, 5.7-10.3 cm. long; lamina narrowly
elliptic, acute, cuneate below, chartaceous, about 4.5-7 cm. long and 9-15 mm.
wide. Inflorescences 2 to each stem, more or less shorter than the leaf, erect to
diffuse, rather loosely several- to many-flowered, up to about 8.6 cm. long. Floral
bracts very small, infundibuliform. Flowers small, glabrous, yellow. Sepals
connate near the base, concave, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, acute,
STELIS
FIG. 26. Stem's breviracema C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. 2, flower from
front; X 10. 3, petal; X 16. 4, lip from front; X 16. 5, lip from side; X 16.
177
178 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals round-ovate, obtuse to subacute, shorter and
a little wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, rhombic, fleshy-thickened
above, strongly obtuse or rounded at the apex. Lip about as long as the petals,
ovate, cordate at the base, rounded at the apex, about 0.75-0.9 mm. long, and
slightly narrower; disc with a large, fleshy, sulcate thickening.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, "laderas de Pillahuata, ceja de
la mon tafia," 3000 meters, epiphytic in rain-forest, Vargas 3665.
Stelis capillaris Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1836;
Fol. Orch. Stelis 11, no. 80. 1858.
Plant caespitose, small, up to about 15 cm. tall. Stem short. Leaf linear or
oblanceolate-linear, up to about 7.6 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, subacute to obtuse
(rarely retuse), gradually narrowed to a sessile or short-petioled base, membra-
naceous. Racemes very slender, diffuse, densely many-flowered, a little longer
than the leaves, apparently about 10 cm. long. Flowers minute. Sepals not
described. Petals dwarf, subquadrate-cuneate, with a thickened subtruncate
apex. Lip similar to the petals in size, ovate-rhombic, lightly 3-lobed; lateral
lobes abbreviated, spreading, acute; mid-lobe broadly ovate, acute.
Huanuco: Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1909 (type). — Loreto, fide
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.
A photograph of the type, bearing a partial floral analysis from
the Lindley Herbarium at Kew, was examined.
Stelis chachapoyensis Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 225. 1855; Lindl.
Fol. Orch. Stelis 12, no. 92. 1858.
Plant medium-sized, up to about 22 cm. tall. Stems freely proliferating,
with the superposed members up to about 6.5 cm. long, each concealed by 2 or 3
tubular, imbricating sheaths which are evanescent in age, rooting at the nodes.
Leaf solitary on each stem-member, short-petioled, oval to narrowly elliptic,
apiculate at the rounded apex, up to about 4.5 cm. long (including the petiole)
and 1.3 cm. wide, fleshy. Inflorescence suberect or lightly flexuous, densely
many-flowered, subsecund, much surpassing the leaf, about 6-12.7 cm. long.
Floral bracts large, spreading, acuminate, nearly as long as the flowers. Sepals
connate near the base, rather small, bilabiate, fleshy, 3- or indistinctly 5-nerved.
Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate or round-ovate, about 2.75 mm. long. Lateral
sepals connate into a suborbicular shortly bidentate lamina. Petals very small,
semiorbicular-reniform, fleshy and often apiculate above. Lip slightly larger than
the petals, transversely rhombic or cuneate-subquadrate, more or less 3-dentate
in front, with a transverse crenulate keel near the middle.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, on rocks, Mathews 3701.
This description was compiled from the diagnoses cited, from
drawings with somewhat diverse floral analyses from the Reichen-
bach Herbarium in Vienna, and from a photograph of what appears
to be an isotype in the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 179
Stelis concaviflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 10: 115, t. 13, figs. 1-5. 1942. Figure 27.
Plant medium-sized, up to 18 cm. high, caespitose. Stems densely clustered,
up to 7.5 cm. tall, loosely clothed with 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating, evanescent
sheaths. Leaf solitary, narrowly elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, minutely
tridenticulate at the acute apex, cuneate-narrowed below to a short, indistinct
petiole, up to 7.8 cm. long and 1.25 cm. wide, rigid and coriaceous in the dried
specimen. Inflorescence solitary, about twice as long as the leaf, up to 13.3 cm.
long. Raceme many-flowered, subdense above, rather loose below, secund, about
5-8 cm. long. Flowers small, bilabiate, glabrous, light green or green-yellow
throughout. Sepals all connate below the middle. Dorsal sepal (free portion)
broadly ovate, obtuse to subacute, 3-nerved, about 4.8 mm. long. Lateral sepals
entirely connate into a deeply concave, basally saccate and apically retuse lamina
which is only slightly shorter than the entire dorsal sepal. Petals minute, trans-
versely subquadrate-ovate or hexagonal, subacute at the fleshy-thickened apex.
Lip very small but larger than the petals, about 1.5 mm. long, deeply concave,
ovate or rhombic-ovate with upcurved sides, obtuse or subacute, the lower half
occupied by a large, fleshy, convex and bilobed callus.
Apurimac: Prov. of Andahuaylas, Quebrada north of Chincheros,
2800 meters, among cliffs and gravelly clay banks, Stork & Horton
10765 (type). Abancay, below Quiahuala, 3380 meters, on rocks
and dry banks of deep valley in partial shade, flowers green-yellow,
Balls 6904.
Stelis concinna Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 11. 1834; Fol. Orch.
Stelis 6, no. 34. 1858. Stelis capillipes Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855.
Plant very small, caespitose, up to about 10 cm. tall. Stems abbreviated,
about 2 cm. or less long, concealed by tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oval to
suborbicular or round-obovate, subacute to rounded at the apex, marginate,
abruptly narrowed into a short petiole, about 1.2-2 cm. (nearly 5 cm., according
to Reichenbach) long. Inflorescences 1-2, filiform, much surpassing the leaf,
up to about 8 cm. long, including the strongly fractiflex raceme which is loosely
3- to 12-flowered. Floral bracts minute. Flowers very small, membranaceous.
Sepals rounded-oblong, subequal, pubescent on the margins, 1-nerved or 3-nerved
near the base, about 1.5 mm. long. Petals much smaller, round-obovate. Lip
smaller than the petals, obovate, emarginate and minutely apiculate at the broadly
rounded apex; disc with a large fleshy, apically bilobed callus.
Peru: Peragua, on the bark of trees among mosses, Hall s.n.
(type of S. concinna). — Tacna: Valley of Lloa, Jameson 265 (type
of S. capillipes).
Stelis connata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 103. 1827; Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Stelis 15, no. 113. 1858.
Plant small to medium-sized, caespitose, up to 24 cm. tall. Stem up to about
7.5 cm. long, provided with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is
180 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
longest and separated. Leaf solitary, petioled, up to 10.4 cm. long; lamina oblong
to oblong-elliptic ("oblong lanceolate"), obtuse to subacute, narrowed to a distinct
petiole, coriaceous, up to 8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, about
twice as long as the leaf when mature, up to 19 cm. long; raceme loosely to sub-
densely flowered, secund, several- to many-flowered. Floral bracts small, in-
fundibuliform, acuminate, erect or appressed. Flowers small, yellow or greenish
yellow (rarely purple), bilabiate. Sepals connate at the base. Dorsal sepal
broadly triangular-ovate, subobtuse to acuminate, 5- to 7-nerved, the free portion
up to 3.6 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a semiorbicular, bidentate
lamina which is a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, lunate-
semiorbicular, with the upper margins broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened.
Lip smaller than the petals, cuneate-subquadrate or (when viewed from the front)
transversely subrhombic with a fleshy transverse callus near the middle.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Hartweg s.n. — Cuzco: Near Rio
Yanamayo, below "Pillahuata," 2000-2300 meters, epiphyte in for-
est, Pennell 14075a. Valle de Cosnipata, between Mistiana and
Keros, about 800 meters, Scolnik 891. — Huanuco: On mountains
near Huanocco (Huanuco), Haenke s.n. (type). Prov. of Huanuco,
Campamento Boza between Pumahuasi and Divisoria, about 1000
meters, epiphyte, Asplund 13241. — Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921.— San Martin: Near Divisoria, 59 km.
from Tingo Maria on highway to Pucallpa, about 1600 meters, on
bank, Allard 21769. 180 km. from Huanuco, along highway to
Yuroc, at the bridge over Arroyo Bravo, 1350 meters on bank,
Allard 20377. Tingo Maria, 625-1100 meters, Allard 20377a. Also
Bolivia, fide Lindley.
Stelis contorta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. PL 2: 524. 1807. Hum-
boldtia contorta Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 235. 1798.
= Pleurothallis sp.
Huanuco: Muna, on trees and rocks, Pavon s.n.
Stelis cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140. 1805. Hum-
boldtia cordata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 234. 1798.
= Pleurothallis cordata Lindl.
Huanuco: Muna, in mountains, on rocks and trees, Pavdn s.n.
Stelis cupuligera Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 114. 1854;
Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 15, no. 112. 1858.
Plant large for the genus, more than 30 cm. tall (with the stem incomplete).
Stem stout, angled in the dried specimen. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate, rather long-
petioled, about 13.5 cm. long; lamina elliptic-oblong, about 11 cm. long and 2.5
cm. wide, acute, cuneate at the base. Inflorescences 2 to 3, about twice as long as
the leaf, lightly flexuous, about 29 cm. long; peduncle about 13.5 cm. long, dis-
conca
-Ji^^ora 0.
. grandi brQ.c~t~ea~to. O. Scfiuse i
FIG. 27. Stelis concaviflora C. Schweinf. I, plant; X ^2- 2, flower from side;
X 5. 3, petal; X 10. 4, lip from above; X 15. 5, lip from side; X 15. S. grandi-
bracteata C. Schweinf. 6, plant; X 1A- 1, flower from above; X 5. 8, petal; X 10.
9, lip from above; X 10. 10, lip from side; X 10.
181
182 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
tantly 3- to 5-sheathed; raceme elongate, rather loosely many-flowered, spiral.
Floral bracts small, infundibuliform, acute. Flowers rather small, bilabiate.
Dorsal sepal triangular or lanceolate-ovate, obtuse, 5-nerved. Lateral sepals
connate into a suborbicular-ovate, bidentate lamina which is much broader than
the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, rhombic, with the upper half fleshy-thickened.
Lip similar to the petals in size, rhombic or (when viewed from the front) trian-
gular-ovate, obtuse, longitudinally 3-carinate near the base.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n.
No material of this species has been seen; the description was
compiled by reference to a drawing with floral analysis, from the
Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna.
Stelis curvicarina C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 14, t. 7. 1951. Figure 28.
Plant medium-sized, slender, caespitose, up to 27.5 cm. tall. Stems approxi-
mate, slender, about 6 cm. long, concealed by 3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf
solitary, shortly petioled, about 7 cm. or less long; lamina narrowly oblong or
elliptic-oblong, subacute, cuneate below, up to 5.8 cm. long and 1 cm. wide,
coriaceous. Inflorescences 1-2, much surpassing the leaf, erect or nearly so,
densely or subdensely many-flowered (looser near the base), up to 20 cm. long.
Floral bracts very small, shallowly infundibuliform. Flowers small, distichous,
bilabiate, glabrous. Sepals connate below, 3-nerved, membranaceous. Dorsal
sepal elliptic-ovate, subacute, about 3.9 mm. long. Lateral sepals more or less
connate (from one half nearly to the apex), deeply concave, each one very obliquely
suborbicular-ovate with broadly rounded outer margin and nearly straight inner
margin, smaller than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, transverse, semiorbicular-
ovate, broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened above. Lip slightly longer than the
petals, suborbicular-ovate, broadly rounded in front, obscurely 3-lobed at the
base, the lobules being separated by a transverse, fleshy, arching keel.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2100 meters, on
rocks, Vargas 3343.
Stelis densiflora Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 118. 1858.
Plant medium-sized to tall for the genus, apparently with a short, ascending
rhizome (incomplete in our specimens), up to about 33.5 cm. high. Stem clothed
with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is largest and separated, up to
15 cm. long. Leaf solitary, petioled, up to 14 cm. long; lamina oval to oblong-
elliptic or oblong, subacute to obtuse, cuneate below, up to 13 cm. long, 1.4-2.8
cm. wide. Inflorescences commonly solitary (rarely remnants of 5 shown), about
twice as long as the leaf, up to 25.5 cm. long; raceme densely many-flowered above,
loosely flowered below, commonly secund, about 16 cm. or less long. Floral
bracts shorter than the flowers, ascending or appressed, shallowly infundibuliform.
Flowers very variable in size, medium-sized to relatively large for the genus,
bilabiate, brown to purple. Sepals connate at the base. Dorsal sepal triangular-
ovate (often very broadly so), acute, 5- to 7-nerved (sometimes indistinctly), up
to 5.3 mm. long. Lateral sepals distinctly smaller, connate into a concave, more
STELIS
$
FIG. 28. Stelis curvicarina C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. 2, flower, three-
quarters view; X 8. 3, petal; X 20. 4, lip from front; X 30. 5, lip from side;
X 30.
183
184 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
or less deeply-bidentate lamina. Petals dwarf, transversely oblong-elliptic or
subdolabriform, fleshy-thickened at the broadly rounded or subtruncate apex.
Lip smaller than the petals, transversely ovate-rhombic and acute when viewed
from the front, or subquadrate-cuneate and truncate when viewed from above,
with a transverse median thickening, up to 1.3 mm. long.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, on rocks, Mathews s.n. (type).
Chachapoyas, on moist banks, Mathews 8201 (probably topotype).
— Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel Cosnipata, 1320 meters,
epiphyte, Vargas 6772, 6773. Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu,
in evergreen woods, 2400 meters, Ferreyra 2711. — Huanuco: Km. 67,
between Carpish and Chinchao, about 2460 meters, terrestrial in
cloud forest, Seibert 2226.
Stelis diffusa C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
10: 117, t. 14, figs. 1-4. 1942. Figure 29.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 25 cm. high. Stems approximate,
suberect to flexuous, up to 17 cm. long, mostly concealed by about 3 close, tubular,
evanescent sheaths. Leaf solitary, long-petioled, up to 12 cm. long; lamina
elliptic to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, cuneate below, up to 9.5 cm. long
and 2.8 cm. wide, chartaceous. Inflorescences 1-5, more or less diffuse, usually
shorter than the leaf but rarely slightly exceeding it, loosely several- to many-
flowered above, up to 12 cm. long. Floral bracts small, shallowly infundibuliform.
Flowers small, greenish white with reddish center. Sepals connate at the base,
3-nerved, pubescent on the inner surface. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, subacute
to obtuse, up to 3.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals closely similar but somewhat
shorter. Petals minute, cuneate-subquadrate or rounded obovate, fleshy-thick-
ened near the truncate to broadly rounded apex. Lip similar to the petals but
smaller, cuneate-subquadrate, nearly 1 mm. long, broadly truncate-rounded in
front with a minute incurved apicule in the center; disc mostly covered by a large,
fleshy thickening.
Huanuco: Huacachi, near Muna, "montana," 2000 meters,
Macbride 4148 (type). Yanano, about 1850 meters, on mossy tree,
Macbride 3845.
Stelis discolor Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855; Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Stelis 9, no. 60. 1858.
Plant small, with a creeping rhizome, up to about 15 cm. high from the base of
the secondary stem to the tip of the raceme. Secondary stems short, about 3 cm.
long, ascending from a decumbent base, completely invested by several tubular,
imbricating sheaths. Leaf solitary, shortly-petioled, elliptic to oblong-spatulate,
subacute or obtuse, gradually narrowed below, coriaceous, up to about 5.7 cm.
long; lamina up to 4.2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, twice as
long as the leaf or more, up to about 12.6 cm. long, with a sublaxly many-flowered
raceme. Flowers small, purple. Sepals connate at the base, subequal, round-
ovate, acute or apiculate, papillose- velutinous within, about 2 mm. long. Petals
dififi'LtSQ. C. ScAweinfi
FIG. 29. Stelis diffusa C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X V^ 2, flower from above;
X 5. 3, lip from above; X 15. 4, petal; X 10. S. minuta C. Schweinf. 5, plant;
XI. 6, flower from above; X 20. 7, lip from above; X 30. 8, petal; X 30.
185
186 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
much smaller, transverse, cuneate-subquadrate, or broadly obovate, with the
subtruncate apex lightly thickened. Lip reniform-ovate, more or less acute,
callose-thickened in the middle near the base, about 1 mm. long.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
This diagnosis was prepared with the aid of a specimen of the
type number in the Ames Herbarium.
Stelis dispar C. Schweinf. Fieldiana, Botany 28: 177, fig. 30.
1951.
Plant medium-sized for the genus, epiphytic, with a slender, elongate rhizome
concealed by close sheaths. Secondary stems numerous, scattered (about 2.5
cm. apart) to crowded, making an acute angle with the rhizome, concealed by
2-4 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths, very variable in size, about 3-12 cm. long.
Leaf solitary, long-petioled, up to 10.9 cm. long; lamina oblong-elliptic, acute,
gradually narrowed below to a distinct petiole, coriaceous, about 4-8.7 cm. long,
up to 1.7 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-4 (more often 1-2), suberect to diffuse,
shorter than to (rarely) twice as long as the leaf, rather densely many-flowered
above and loosely flowered below. Floral bracts minute to small, infundibuliform.
Flowers small, glabrous, deep purple, lavender, blood-red to pale greenish white.
Sepals connate at the base, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate to round-ovate,
subacute to obtuse, about 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals distinct but markedly
smaller, very obliquely round-ovate. Petals minute, suborbicular-rhombic, with
the upper portion broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened. Lip subequaling the
petals, semiorbicular-ovate when viewed from the front, transversely cuneate-
trapeziform with a broad truncate apex when viewed from above, with a trans-
verse bilobed callus across the middle and a small, inconspicuous, conical
tubercle near the base, about 0.8 mm. long.
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Montepungo, 5 km. east of
Surcubamba, 3000 meters, on mossy tree trunks, Stork & Norton
10385. Also Venezuela (type) with somewhat smaller bracts and red
to white flowers.
Stelis disticha Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 47, t. 81.
1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 2, no. 1. 1858; Cogn. Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 4: 346. 1896.
Plant caespitose, rather large, up to about 45 cm. high. Stems short, stout,
concealed by several tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths, up to 6 cm. long.
Leaf solitary, short-petioled; lamina oblong to elliptic-oblong, subacute, gradually
narrowed below, up to 14 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide, subcoriaceous; petiole stout,
channelled, up to 1.5 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, 25-40 cm. long, 2 or 3
times as long as the leaf, densely many-flowered almost to the base, lightly arcuate.
Floral bracts prominent, distichous, imbricated, amplexicaul, laterally flattened,
incurved, exceeding the flowers. Flowers very small, yellowish, 6-7 mm. across.
Sepals similar, spreading, subrounded, 3-nerved, broadly rounded at the apex,
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 187
connate nearly to the apex. Petals minute, semiorbicular-flabellate, with a sub-
truncate apex. Lip very short and broad, deeply concave, truncate at the apex.
Huanuco: Cuchero (Cochero) and Pampayaco (Pampayacu),
on trees, Poeppig 1605 (type). Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1913,
fide Lindley.
We have seen no material of this species.
Stelis dupliciformis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 15, t. 8. 1951. Figure 30.
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, with a prominent rhizome concealed by close,
tubular, imbricating sheaths. Stems obliquely ascending, produced in pairs
about 3 cm. apart on the rhizome, about 12-14 cm. long, clothed by 2-4 tubular
sheaths of which the uppermost is separated and much the largest. Leaf solitary,
long-petioled, 10.6-13 cm. long; lamina lanceolate-elliptic, subacute, gradually
cuneate below, chartaceous, about 8.5-10 cm. long, up to 3 cm. wide. Inflo-
rescences 2 (rarely 3) to each stem, shorter than or very slightly exceeding the
leaf, suberect or spreading, many-flowered (densely so above and loosely so below),
up to 14 cm. long. Floral bracts small, shallowly infundibuliform. Flowers rather
large for the genus, secund in course of development, conspicuously bilabiate,
dull reddish white. Sepals connate below, minutely cellular-pubescent within.
Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 5-nerved below the middle, about 6.1 mm. long. Lateral
sepals connate nearly to the apex into a concave lamina, each one suborbicular-
ovate, 3- to 4-nerved, shorter and slightly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals
minute, rhombic-ovate, broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened above. Lip slightly
smaller than the petals, ovate to rhombic-ovate, obtuse, with upcurved sides,
about 1.25 mm. long and broad; disc with a large transverse, fleshy, bilobed callus.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cachubamba, Marcapata, 2800
meters, in forest, Vargas 3816.
Stelis elatior Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1836; Fol.
Orch. Stelis 12, no. 91. 1858.
Plant rather large, caespitose, up to about 36 cm. tall. Stem up to about
12.7 cm. long, provided with several tubular sheaths which are short and im-
bricating below, the upper one being much larger, separate and loose. Leaf
solitary, oblong to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, narrowed to a sessile or
subsessile base, up to 12.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescences
commonly solitary (rarely 2 to a stem), up to about 25.5 cm. long, many-flowered,
rather dense above and loose below, somewhat diffuse and often nodding above.
Floral bracts very small, infundibuliform. Flowers small. Sepals widely spread-
ing, glabrous, connate at the base. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse,
distinctly 3-nerved with 2 short outer nerves, up to 4.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals
a little narrower, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 3- or 4- (rarely 5-)
nerved. Petals minute, transverse, semiorbicular-reniform, fleshy-thickened above
with a broadly rounded apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, ovate-semiorbic-
ular or "oblong," broadly rounded above, with a transverse, fleshy keel near the
base, about 1 mm. long.
dupliciformis
C S chive inf.
FIG. 30. Stelis dupliciformis C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1A- 2, flower from
side; X 3. 3, flower from front, expanded; X 3. 4, petal; X 10. 5, lip from
side; X 10. 6, lip from front; X 10.
188
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU
189
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Mathews 1914 (type). — Loreto:
Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters,
epiphyte in forest, flowers yellow-green, Klug 0,6.
This diagnosis was partially compiled from a photograph of the
type bearing a floral analysis, in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis Endresii Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. 1870: 1373; C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 3. 1953. Stelis Huebneri Schltr.
Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42, Abt. 2: 88. 1925. Figure 31.
FIG. 31. Stelis Endresii Reichb. f. 1, flower; about X 8. 2, lip, side view;
X 15. 3, lip, front view; X 15. 4, petal; X 15. 5, column, anther removed;
about X 15. Drawn by Blanche Ames.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, up to about 24 cm. high. Stems short, up to
about 5.5 cm. high, concealed by 2-3 tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths.
Leaf solitary, oblanceolate or oblong-spatulate to elliptic-ligulate, up to 13 cm.
long and 2.2 cm. wide, obtuse to broadly rounded (rarely subacute) at the apex,
more or less gradually petiolate-narrowed below. Inflorescence usually solitary,
commonly about twice as long as the leaf or more, rather loosely many-flowered,
suberect to diffuse or arcuate. Floral bracts minute, infundibuliform. Flowers
rather small, variable both in size and venation, greenish often with a purplish
or brownish center, purplish, dark red or rarely dull lavender and salmon. Sepals
connate at the base, more or less distinctly pubescent within. Dorsal sepal ovate
or triangular-ovate, acute to obtuse, 3- to 5-nerved, up to about 4 mm. long.
Lateral sepals similar, commonly slightly smaller and oblique. Petals many times
smaller than the sepals, transversely cuneate-subquadrate, fleshy-thickened at
the truncate apex. Lip smaller than the petals, transversely obovate-subquadrate,
shortly clawed, abruptly truncate in front with a minute, sharp, inflexed apicule
in the center, fleshy-thickened through the middle, up to about 0.9 mm. long.
190 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Huanuco: 6 km. south of Tingo Maria, along road, 738 meters,
on tree trunk in moist forested valley, Seibert 2257. — Loreto: On the
Maranon River, at the mouth of the Santiago River, near Pongo de
Manseriche, 160 meters, epiphyte in rain-forest, Tessmann 4087.
Right bank of Santiago River, 200 meters, epiphyte on tall tree,
Mexia 6232. Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 meters, epiphyte in dense
forest, Klug 10069. Also Mexico through Costa Rica (type of S.
Endresii) to Panama (Middle America), and Venezuela, Brazil (type
of S. Huebneri) and Peru in South America.
Stelis eublepharis Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855; Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Stelis 13, no. 99. 1858.
Plant small, probably with a creeping rhizome (which is not evident in our
specimen), up to almost 10 cm. tall from the base of the stem to the tip of the
raceme. Secondary stems up to 4.5 cm. long, entirely concealed by 3 tubular,
imbricating sheaths of which the uppermost is much the largest. Leaf solitary,
elliptic-spatulate, relatively long-petioled, up to 5.5 cm. long; lamina elliptic to
oblong-elliptic, subacute, cuneate below, up to about 4 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide;
petiole stout, channelled. Inflorescence solitary, up to about 7.6 cm. long, sub-
equaling or slightly exceeding the leaf in the course of development, loosely many-
flowered nearly to the base. Floral bracts small, infundibuliform. Flowers very
small. Sepals subequal, connate at the base, round-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, lanate
within, about 2 mm. or less long. Petals much smaller, semiorbicular, membrana-
ceous. Lip as small as the petals, transverse, ovate-triangular, subacute to obtuse,
thickened in the center with a more or less conspicuous transverse keel.
Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
I have seen a photograph of the type and a collection of this
number.
Stelis eublepharis Reichb. f. var. glabriflora C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 3. 1953.
Plant small, similar to the type, with an ascending rhizome. Leaf somewhat
narrower than in the type, up to 5.9 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-2,
commonly many-flowered and densely (not loosely) flowered above. Flowers
glabrous (not lanate or distinctly pubescent within), somewhat larger than in the
type. Dorsal sepal about 3 mm. long. Petals and lip similar to those of the
species.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cachubamba, Marcapata, 2800
meters, epiphyte, perianth yellow and purple, Vargas 3818 (type).
Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2050 meters, on rocks, perianth
bright yellow, Vargas 5544 (plant smaller than typical through-
out).
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 191
Stelis Filomenoi Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 63. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 109, nr. 429. 1929.
Plant medium-sized, about 25 cm. tall, with a stout, ascending rhizome.
Secondary stems approximate, slender, up to 10 cm. long, provided with 3 tubular
sheaths. Leaf petioled, up to 12.5 cm. long; lamina elliptic-ligulate, obtuse,
gradually narrowed below into a petiole, up to 10 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide.
Inflorescences 1 to 2, floriferous almost to the base. Floral bracts very small.
Flowers very small, dark purple. Sepals rhombic-ovate, subequal, 3-nerved,
rather obtuse, minute-papillose within, about 1.5 mm. long. Petals much smaller
than the sepals, transverse, broadly rhombic, with a thickened, triangular, obtuse
apex. Lip scarcely larger than the petals, obovate-subquadrate, very broadly
rounded above and truncate at the base, in the middle of each side fleshy-thickened,
the thickening excised in the middle with a small oblong callus interposed.
Loreto: Near Moyobamba, Filomeno s.n.
No material of this concept has been seen. The description of
the flower parts was mostly drawn from the illustration cited above.
Stelis flacca Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855; Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Stelis 15, no. 110. 1858.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to about 17 cm. tall. Stem slender, up to
about 10 cm. high, with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf long-petioled,
up to about 6 cm. long; lamina elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic, about 5 cm. or less
long and 1 cm. wide, attenuate toward both ends. Inflorescences 1-2, about
twice as long as the leaf, loosely many-flowered above. Floral bracts very small,
infundibuliform, spreading. Flowers rather large, bilabiate, membranaceous.
Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, 3- or indistinctly 5-nerved, about 5 mm. long. Lateral
sepals connate into a much broader suborbicular lamina which is deeply concave
and bidentate at the apex. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely
elliptic, with the broadly rounded upper margins inflexed-cucullate. Lip very
small, obovate-reniform and retuse, with a small retrorse tooth on each side near
the base (fide Reichenbach), or concave, tridentate and fleshy (fide Lindley).
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
The above diagnosis was clarified by a drawing with floral
analysis from the Reichenbach Herbarium as well as by a photo-
graph of an isotype from the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva.
Stelis flexuosa Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 397. 1843;
Fol. Orch. Stelis 14, no. 106. 1858, in part (not S. capillipes Reichb.
f.).
Plant small, delicate, caespitose, about 8-15 cm. high. Stem very slender,
up to about 1.6 cm. long, clothed with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf
solitary, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, up to about 3 cm. long and 7 mm.
wide, acute to obtuse, very gradually narrowed to a short petiole, marginate.
192 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Inflorescences 1 or 2, 2 or 3 times as long as the leaf, suberect to arcuate, filiform,
terminated by a loose fractiflex raceme which is several- to many-flowered. Floral
bracts minute, infundibuliform. Flowers very small, membranaceous. Sepals
connate at the base, subequal, triangular-ovate with involute margins, acute,
1-nerved, about 1.5 mm. long. Petals very small, about one third as long as the
sepals, transversely round-obovate, with a lightly thickened, broadly rounded
apical margin. Lip smaller than the petals, oblong-obovate, broadly rounded and
minutely apiculate in front, traversed by a large fleshy callus which is bilobed
at the apex.
Peru: Habitat unknown, Mathews 1910 (type). — Amazonas,
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921. Also Ecuador.
This diagnosis was compiled with the aid of a photograph of the
type in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew, as well as of a fragment
of the type and an analysis of the flower (not described in the
original diagnosis) from Mr. Leslie Garay of the University of
Toronto, Canada.
Stelis floribunda HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 362. 1816.
Stelis apiculata Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 84. 1920; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 28, nr. 105. 1929. Stelis insignis Ames,
Sched. Orch. 1:5. 1922.
Plant rather large, caespitose, up to about 35 cm. high. Stem variable in
size, up to about 20 cm. long, provided with about 3 tubular sheaths of which the
two lower are small and imbricated and the uppermost is larger and commonly
separated. Leaf oblong (rarely) to oblong-elliptic or elliptic, shortly petioled, up
to about 13.8 (rarely 15) cm. long and 4 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex,
generally shortly cuneate below, with petiole 2 cm. or less long. Inflorescences
1 to 4, up to about twice as long as the leaf in the course of development, up to
22 cm. long, rather densely many-flowered above. Floral bracts very small,
infundibuliform. Flowers very small, violet (in the type), white or greenish
white. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate to round-ovate, acute or obtuse, pubescent
on the inner surface, 3-nerved, the slightly larger dorsal sepal up to 2.5 (rarely
2.75) mm. long. Petals much smaller, transversely obovate-rhombic, more or less
fleshy-thickened on the anterior margin. Lip similar to the petals in size, concave,
obovate-quadrate when expanded, abruptly truncate-retuse and sharply apiculate
in the center, with a bilobed fleshy callus through the basal half.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22773a, 22776.
Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 1000 meters, epiphyte
on wooded hillside, Killip & Smith 22484. — Cuzco: Prov. of Con-
vention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2600 meters, epiphyte in dense
forest, Vargas 3282. — Junin: Huacapistana, about 1800 meters,
epiphyte in densely forested valley, Killip & Smith 24295. — Puno,
fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921. Also Colombia
(type of S. floribunda, S. apiculata and S. insignis).
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 193
Stelis Gonzaleziana C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc.
Exact. Fisic. y Nat. 5, no. 19: 349. 1943.
Plant medium-sized, up to 32 cm. high. Rhizome apparently shortly creeping.
Stems approximate, caespitose, variable in height, up to 20 cm. high, unifoliate,
with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf short-petioled; lamina oblanceolate
to elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, up to 9.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, minutely
tridenticulate at the rounded apex, cuneate below; petiole channelled, up to 1.3
cm. long. Inflorescences about half as long as the leaf or less, numerous, 2-12 or
more, diffuse, rather densely many-flowered nearly to the base. Flowers very
small, pale yellow, glabrous. Sepals convex, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal suborbicular-
ovate, acute, about 1.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals very similar but slightly smaller.
Petals minute, suborbicular-obovate, thickened and broadly rounded above. Lip
about as long as the petals, quadrate-obovate, callose-thickened through the basal
half, deeply concave above with an acute incurved apex, about 0.7 mm. long in
natural position.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc,
2200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2557.
Stelis gracilispica C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean1. Harvard
Univ. 15: 17, t. 9. 1951. Figure 32.
Plant medium-sized, slender, caespitose, up to 24 cm. high. Stems numerous,
up to 9 cm. high, with 2 to 4 close, tubular, often maculate sheaths. Leaf solitary,
erect, petioled, up to 7.2 cm. long; lamina elliptic-oblong, acute to rounded at the
apex, cuneate below, up to 5.7 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2
to a stem, erect, commonly much surpassing the leaf, slender, densely many-
flowered, up to 18 cm. long. Flowers very small, strongly secund, bilabiate,
yellow. Sepals 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, subacute to obtuse, about
3 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly smaller, connate into a deeply concave lamina.
Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely rhombic-'suborbicular, fleshy-
thickened upward. Lip smaller than the petals, about 0.56 mm. long, trans-
versely obovate-rhombic, obtuse, with a fleshy, transverse, bilobed callus above
the middle.
Hudnuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish between Huanuco and
Tingo Maria, 2500-2900 meters, Ferreyra 1748.
Stelis grandibracteata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 10: 118, t. 13, figs. 6-10. 1942. Figure 27.
Plant medium-sized, with an ascending rhizome, about 19 cm. high from the
rhizome to the tip of the erect raceme. Stems apparently in pairs, each one (when
mature) about 6 cm. high, clothed with about 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths.
Leaf solitary, very shortly petioled, up to 9 cm. long; lamina elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, obtuse to rounded at the apex, broadly cuneate below, up to 8.5 cm. long
and 2.8 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, much surpassing the leaf, about 13.5
cm. long, subdensely many-flowered above and loose below, with secund flowers.
Floral bracts conspicuous, spreading, rotundate-ovate with an auriculate-clasping
base. Flowers rather small, glabrous, "dark perilla purple." Sepals connate
194 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
nearly to the middle, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse to subacute,
free portion about 3.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, round-ovate, slightly
shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, transversely rhombic-
ovate, with a fleshy-thickened anterior half and broadly rounded apex. Lip
subequaling the petals, fleshy, ovate, concave in natural position, rounded in
front, with a transverse, fleshy, bilobed ridge connecting the erect-incurved,
somewhat dilated sides at the base, about 1.9 mm. long.
Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, along Rio Pillahuata,
2300-2400 meters, epiphytic in forest, Pennell 14006.
Stelis Hallii Lindl. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 12. 1834; Fol. Orch.
Stelis 7, no. 44. 1858.
Plant small, apparently caespitose, up to about 14 cm. tall. Stem up to
almost 3.5 cm. long, enveloped by 2 tubular, close sheaths. Leaf petioled, up
to 5 cm. long; lamina linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, about
3 cm. long, up to 5.5 mm. wide, obtuse to subacute, long-narrowed below. In-
florescences solitary, about twice as long as the leaf, loosely many-flowered, with
a fractiflex rachis. Flowers rather small, glabrous. Dorsal sepal round-ovate,
acute to obtuse, 3-nerved. Lateral sepals noticeably smaller, oblique. Petals
much smaller than the sepals, semiorbicular-ovate, fleshy at the lightly 3-lobed
apex. Lip about equaling the petals, cuneate-semilunate when viewed from
above, truncate in front, very fleshy.
"Peru," fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
This description was compiled with the aid of photographs of
S. Hallii from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis Hallii Lindl. var. minor C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 15: 18. 1951.
Plant small, caespitose, up to 9.5 cm. high. Stems crowded, rarely up to 3.5
cm. long. Leaf oblanceolate, acute, long-narrowed into a slender, petioled base,
up to 3.7 cm. long and 8 mm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to each stem, nearly
twice as long as the leaf, loosely several-flowered, without a markedly fractiflex
rachis. Flowers small, pale green with a reddish flush. Sepals 3-nerved. Dorsal
sepal round-ovate, up to 2.5 mm. long and slightly broader. Lateral sepals
distinctly smaller, oblique. Petals minute, transversely rhombic-semiorbicular,
with an entire, broadly rounded, fleshy apex. Lip slightly smaller than the petals,
transversely rhombic-ovate, with a fleshy, transverse callus across the middle,
subobtuse at the broad apex, about 0.8 mm. long and 1 mm. wide.
Cuzco: Santa Isabel, Valle de Cosnipata, 1200 meters, Scolnik
925. Between Tanamayo and Santa Isabel, Valle de Cosnipata,
about 1500 meters, Scolnik 845 (plants smaller than typical).—
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1800 meters, on moss-covered
rocks in forest, Woytkowski 37004 (type).
STELIS qracilispica.
FIG. 32. Stelis gracilispica C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X H- 2, lip from above;
X 25. 3, flower from front, expanded; X 7. 4, flower from side, natural position;
X 7. 5, petal; X 20.
195
196 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Stelis Herzogii Schltr. Fedde Repert. 12: 484. 1913; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 20, nr. 80. 1930; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 4. 1953.
Plant small, slender, caespitose, about 11.5-18 cm. high. Stems slender, 6-10
cm. high, provided with 3 close, tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is largest
and separated. Leaf solitary, shortly petioled, about 5-9.5 cm. long; lamina
oblanceolate-linear or elliptic-linear, obtuse, cuneate-narrowed below, 7-10 mm.
wide. Inflorescences shorter or sometimes slightly longer than the leaf, lax,
apparently 1-8, about 2-9 cm. long, densely many-flowered nearly to the base,
commonly secund. Flowers very small, yellow. Sepals spreading, connate at the
base. Dorsal sepal rhombic-ovate, obtuse to acute, about 1.5 mm. or less long;
indistinctly 3-nerved. Lateral sepals very similar, slightly narrower. Petals
minute, transversely cuneate-obovate or "reniform," fleshy-thickened above.
Lip slightly longer than the petals, subquadrate-obovate or "rhombic-oval,"
sharply apiculate, the lower half with a fleshy bilobed callus, about 0.9 mm. long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000
meters, in sunny rocky places, Vargas 3114- Also Bolivia (type).
Stelis hirta Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3, no. 11. 1858.
Plant small, up to about 9 cm. tall. Stem up to about 3.5 cm. high, concealed
by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf distinctly petioled, spatulate or oblong-spatulate,
up to about 5.7 cm. long; lamina elliptic-oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex,
gradually narrowed below to a long-petioled base, up to 0.9 mm. wide. In-
florescences 1 to 3, subequaling or shorter than the leaf, loosely several- to many-
flowered. Flowers very small, green. Sepals equal, ovate, hirsute within. Petals
much smaller, transversely oval, membranaceous. Lip about equal and similar
to the petals, apparently round-obovate, 3-striate.
Piura (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 136.
1921. Also Ecuador (type).
No material of this concept has been seen; the description was
taken from a photograph of the type bearing a floral analysis, in the
Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis hylophila Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 241. 1855; Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Stelis 4, no. 24. 1858.
Plant medium-sized to large, variable, caespitose, often with an inconspicuous
ascending rhizome, 10-38 cm. high. Stems up to about 29 cm. long, provided
with 2-4 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is separated and much the
largest. Leaf shortly petioled, up to 13 cm. long; lamina elliptic-oblong or ligulate,
obtuse to rounded at the apex, cuneate below, about 12 cm. or less long, up to 2.5
cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescences 1 to numerous, subequaling or much shorter
than the leaf (rarely longer), up to 11 (rarely 12.7) cm. long, densely many-
flowered especially above. Flowers minute, yellow or greenish yellow to green,
usually secund. Sepals connate at the base, ovate, subequal, acute, 1-nerved or
inconspicuously 3-nerved, about 1 mm. long. Petals much smaller, transversely
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 197
cuneate-obovate. Lip about half as long as the sepals, obovate from a ligulate,
thickened lower portion, more or less dilated and membranaceous above with
upcurved sides and a triangular or obscurely 3-lobed apex.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2700
meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 3281. Prov. of Paucar-
tambo, Tanamayo to Tombomayo, 1800-2700 meters, epiphyte,
Vargas 4941- Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000
meters, in gravelly rocky places, Vargas 3113. — Huanuco: Prov. of
Hudnuco, Carpish, on road to Tingo Maria, 2500-2900 meters, in
dense evergreen forest, Ferreyra 1756. — Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde
Repert. Beih. 9: 136. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
Stelis intermedia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 46, t.
79. 1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 6, no. 38. 1858; Cogn. Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 4: 353. 1896.
Plant small, caespitose, up to about 15 cm. tall. Stems densely fascicled,
about 2-4 cm. long, enveloped by 2 or 3 long, tubular sheaths. Leaf elliptic-
linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex, long and
narrowly attenuate below, 3.3-9 cm. long, up to 8 mm. wide. Inflorescence
solitary, about twice as long as the leaf, up to about 13 cm. long, many-flowered,
rather loose below, subdense above, arcuate or flexuous, very slender. Flowers
very minute. Sepals connate at the base, broadly ovate-triangular or "deltoid-
subrotund," subequal, acute, 3-nerved, concave, glabrous or pubescent within,
up to 1.8 mm. long. Petals much smaller, semilunate or cuneate-obovate, truncate
or lightly emarginate with a fleshy-thickened apex. Lip similar to the petals,
cuneate, concave, truncate at the broad apex, with a transverse callus in the
middle.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero) and Pampayaco (Pampa-
yacu), in submontane woods, Poeppig 1579 (type). — Junin: Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1254, s.n. Schunke Hacienda,
above San Ramon, 1400-1700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest,
Killip & Smith 24693. (These three latter collections are vegeta-
tively small for the species and are rather imperfect. The sepals
are distinctly pubescent, not glabrous within as cited, and no color
notes are given.)
Stelis inversa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 64. 1921; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 110, nr. 430. 1929.
Plant rather large, caespitose, about 25 cm. high. Stems fascicled, slender,
7-10 cm. long, provided with 2 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina
narrowly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, about 8-11 cm. long and 1.3-1.6 cm.
wide, acute, gradually narrowed into a petiole up to 4 cm. long. Inflorescence
solitary, surpassing the leaf by almost a half, sublaxly many-flowered. Flowers
medium-sized, glabrous, rather bilabiate. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse,
198 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
5-nerved, 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved,
a little smaller than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, trans-
verse, obliquely subquadrate, truncate-thickened at the apex. Lip a little longer
than the petals, apparently 3-lobed, narrowly oblong at the base, with a broad,
abrupt, transverse, bilobed thickening in the middle, terminating in an ovate,
cucullate, apiculate lobe.
Junin: Mountains west of Huacapistana, 2600-3000 meters,
Weberbauer 2085.
No example of this species has been seen.
Stelis juninensis Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117:
21. 1916.
Plant large for the genus, caespitose. Stems crowded, up to about 17 cm.
high, mostly concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf
oblong to elliptic-oblong, up to 17 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide, obtuse at the tri-
denticulate apex, cuneate-narrowed to a more or less distinctly petioled base,
coriaceous. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, much exceeding the leaf, up to about
31.5 cm. long, densely many-flowered. Flowers simultaneous, medium-sized,
ringent, tawny. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, about 6.8
mm. long. Lateral sepals a little smaller, ovate, oblique, 3-nerved. Petals many
times smaller than the sepals, transverse, subrhombic, fleshy-thickened at the
subtruncate apex. Lip smaller than the petals, triangular-ovate, with the sides
of the fleshy-thickened basal half erect and parallel in natural position, the anterior
half being ovate, excavated and acute, about 1.2 mm. long.
Junin: Prov. of Huancayo, valley of the Pariahuanca, between
Panti and Rocchac, 2400 meters, in hardwood thickets consisting
of shrubs and trees, Weberbauer 6534.
Stelis Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 386. 1912; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 21, nr. 82. 1930; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 5. 1953.
Plant medium-sized or larger, caespitose, suberect to gently arcuate or
flexuous, up to about 37 cm. high. Stems short, up to about 8.5 cm. long (usually
much smaller), altogether or nearly concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent
sheaths of which the uppermost is much the longest. Leaf oblanceolate or oblong-
oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly obovate, up to 9.7 cm. long and 2 cm. wide
(often much smaller), acute to rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate
apex, gradually narrowed below to an indistinct short petiole, coriaceous. In-
florescence solitary, twice to many times surpassing the leaf, up to about 33 cm.
high, many-flowered, usually secund, loose in the course of development. Flowers
rather large, glabrous or minutely papillose, varying from yellowish green or
yellow to dark reddish purple. Dorsal sepal very broadly ovate or triangular-
ovate, subacute to acute, 5-nerved, up to 6.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals distinctly
smaller, obliquely round-ovate (often transverse), 3- to 5-nerved. Petals much
smaller than the sepals, transverse, cuneate or rhombic-cuneate, fleshy-thickened
at the subtruncate apex. Lip about as large as the petals, semiorbicular and
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 199
retuse at the truncate apex when viewed from above; transversely ovate, broadly
rounded or rounded-truncate and commonly minutely apiculate at the apex when
viewed from the front, with a fleshy, bilobed, transverse callus near the base, about
1.7 mm. long.
Huanuco: Mito, about 2800 meters, "on dirt ledges of shrubby
S.W. slopes," Macbride & Featherstone 1394- Same locality and
altitude, "ledges on shrubby hillsides," Macbride 3284- Above
Mito, Mitotambo, 3000-3100 meters, in low forest, Ferreyra 6900.
Prov. of Huanuco, Punta de Panao, Asplund 13717. — Junin: Chan-
chamayo district, Rio Blanco, about 1400 meters, on coffee trees
of the Sta. Teresa Hacienda, Kohler s.n. (type). Prov. of Tarma,
Huassa-huassi, about 2900 meters, "southern slope of a hill, covered
with low grasses & bush," Woytkowski 35.
Stelis lancea Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3, no. 14. 1858.
Plant medium-sized, with a creeping and branching rhizome, up to about
19.5 cm. high (from the base of a stem to the apex of a leaf). Stems rather remote,
ascending, slender, up to about 9 cm. long, provided with 2 or 3 close, tubular
sheaths. Leaf abruptly petioled; lamina lanceolate-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate,
up to about 8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, cuneate below, membra-
naceous; petiole slender, up to about 3 cm. long. Inflorescence commonly solitary,
slightly surpassing the leaf, rather densely many-flowered. Flowers very small.
Sepals subequal, ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved. Petals much smaller, transverse,
broadly cuneate, concave, truncate at the fleshy-thickened apex. Lip slightly
larger than the petals, transverse, cuneate-obovate, lightly 3-lobed in front, with
a pair of transverse, separated lamellae above the middle.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 137. 1921.
Ecuador (type).
No material of this concept has been seen. The diagnosis was
compiled with the aid of a photograph of the type bearing a floral
analysis, in the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 139. 1805.
Humboldtia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 237.
1798. = Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl.
Huanuco: In mountains of Muna and Pillao near Chacahuassi,
on trees and rocks, Pavdn s.n.
Stelis leucopogon Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 95, t. 9,
figs. I, 1-4. 1866; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
16: 5. 1953. Figure 33.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized to large, up to about 38 cm. tall. Stems stout,
up to about 20 cm. high, clothed with 2 or 3 imbricating, tubular sheaths of which
200
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
the uppermost is much the largest. Leaf oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate to
oblong-elliptic, obtuse or rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate apex,
gradually narrowed below to an indistinctly petioled base, up to about 18.3 cm.
long and 3.7 cm. or more wide, subcoriaceous. Inflorescences commonly 1 or 2,
slightly shorter than or exceeding the leaf, up to about 30 cm. long, many-flowered,
loose in the course of development. Flowers medium-sized to large, more or less
FIG. 33. Stelis leucopogon Reichb. f. 1, flower; X 8. 2, petal; X 16. 3,
column; X 20. 4, lip, side view; X 24. 5, lip, front view; X 24. Drawn by
Blanche Ames.
pubescent within, usually green and purple (rarely rose or yellow). Dorsal sepal
broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 5- to (rarely) 7-nerved, acute to subacute,
rounded or subcordate at the base, about 7 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals
subequal or slightly smaller, obliquely round-ovate, 4- to 5-nerved. Petals much
smaller than the sepals, transversely oval, with a fleshy-thickened, rounded-
truncate apex. Lip about half as large as the petals, semiorbicular or transversely
suborbicular-oval, fleshy-thickened throughout with incurved sides and an
abrupt, incurved apicule in the middle of the broad apex; center of the disc
with an obscure V-shaped thickening.
Huanuco: Muna, about 2150 meters, in dry woods, Macbride
4195. — San Martin: On ridge east of Tingo Maria, in jungle, 625-
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 201
1100 meters, Allard 22201, 22595. A common and variable species
of Central America from Guatemala through Costa Rica (type) to
Panama.
Stelis Lindenii Lindl. Orch. Linden. 3, no. 17. 1846; Fol. Orch.
Stelis 5, no. 29. 1858; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
16: 5. 1953.
Plant medium-sized to large, with a creeping, loosely sheathed rhizome.
Stems rather remote, ascending, 10-20 cm. long, provided with about 3 tubular
sheaths of which the uppermost is the largest, widely separated and narrowly
infundibuliform in the dried specimen. Leaf shortly petioled; lamina oblong-
elliptic (sometimes narrowly so) to ovate-oblong, about 11-18 cm. long, up to 6.5
cm. wide, obtuse at the apex, more or less gradually narrowed to a short chan-
nelled petiole up to about 2 cm. long, subcoriaceous. Inflorescences 1 to 4, up to
almost twice as long as the leaf in the course of development, up to about 26.5 cm.
long, ascending, arcuate or flexuous, rather densely many-flowered above, with
conspicuous spreading bracts. Flowers small, glabrous or pubescent within, white
or yellow. Dorsal sepal round-ovate or triangular-ovate, acute or subacute, 3- to
5-nerved, about 3 mm. long, and somewhat broader. Lateral sepals similar but
slightly smaller, lightly oblique, commonly 3-nerved. Petals much smaller than
the sepals, transversely rhombic-oval, fleshy-thickened through the upper half.
Lip slightly larger than the petals; when viewed from above transversely cuneate,
more or less trilobulate at the truncate apex; when viewed from the front trans-
versely rhombic-ovate, concave, broadly rounded in front, with a transverse median
thickening, about 0.9 mm. long.
Cuzco: Ccochapampa, summit of Ccochayoc, 1000 meters, Bues
s.n. Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, 2200
meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2555. Machu-Picchu, about 2100
meters, Cook & Gilbert 866. Also Venezuela (type).
Stelis Lindleyana Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 346. 1896.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to about 27 cm. tall. Stems up to 10 cm.
tall, entirely concealed by 2 or 3 imbricating, tubular sheaths which are loose and
often evanescent in the dried specimen. Leaf linear-oblong to oblong-elliptic,
somewhat tapering at both ends, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, very
gradually narrowed to a more or less petioled base, up to about 17 cm. long and
2 cm. wide, subcoriaceous. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, slender, up to about
19 cm. long, more or less surpassing the leaf, rather densely many-flowered with
appressed floral bracts which are imbricating in the upper portion. Flowers small,
membranaceous, yellowish green. Sepals very deeply connate. Dorsal sepal
broadly ovate-triangular, acute, 3-nerved (sometimes with the lateral nerves
branching), up to 2.1 mm. long and much broader at the base. Lateral sepals
similar but a little smaller, oblique. Petals minute, transversely rhombic or
"broadly reniform," with the upper half fleshy-thickened. Lip nearly equal to
the petals in size; when viewed from above, transverse, cuneate, with a truncate
apex; when viewed from the front, transverse, rhombic-ovate, concave, rounded to
202 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
subacute at the apex, with a fleshy transverse thickening in the middle, about
0.9 mm. long.
Eastern Peru: Habitat not recorded, Poeppig s.n., fide Cogniaux.
Huanuco: Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1913, Pampayaco (Pampa-
yacu), Kanehira 323. Near the confluence of Rio Cayumba with
Rio Huallaga, 790 meters, on tree trunk, Mexia 8273. — Junin:
Chanchamayo Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke 560. Also Brazil (type).
Stelis lobata Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 241. 1855; Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Stelis 17, no. 128. 1858.
Plant medium-sized, with a conspicuous, creeping, sheathed rhizome which is
often branched. Secondary stems subremote to approximate, ascending from
a decumbent base, up to about 7.5 cm. long, concealed by 3 to 4 tubular, imbri-
cating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf shortly petioled; lamina oblong or elliptic-
oblong, up to 8 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse
or acute apex, cuneate-narrowed below, subcoriaceous; petiole channelled, up to
about 1.7 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, up to about 17 cm. long, rather densely
many-flowered. Flowers small, nodding, membranaceous, often secund, pale
greenish. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acute, 3-nerved, up to 4.2 mm.
long, longer than the lateral sepals. Lateral sepals oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate, oblique, 3-nerved. Petals minute, transversely rhombic
or rhombic-obovate, fleshy-thickened and 3-lobulate above. Lip longer and
narrower than the petals, deeply 3-lobed near the base, about 1 mm. long; lateral
lobes very small, dentiform, porrect; mid-lobe lanceolate, acuminate, concave;
disc at the base with a fleshy 3-lobulate callus.
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 2900-3000
meters, "evergreen bush-wood," Weberbauer 7571. Also Ecuador
(type).
Stelis macra Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 65. 1921; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 110, nr. 431. 1929.
Plant caespitose, slender, up to 35 cm. tall. Stems slender, fascicled, up to
10 cm. high, provided with about 3 tubular sheaths. Leaf lanceolate-ligulate,
subacute, gradually narrowed below into a short petiole; lamina 6-9 cm. long, up
to 1.7 cm. wide; petiole up to 2.5 cm. long. Inflorescences 2 to 3 to a stem, slender,
2 or 3 times as long as the leaf, sublaxly many-flowered. Flowers very small,
secund, bilabiate, glabrous, yellow; sepals connate below. Dorsal sepal "elliptic"
or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, about 1.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar,
oblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals, "oboval" or round-obovate,
a little thickened at the rounded apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, from
a short, quadrate-cuneate base abruptly dilated into an ovate, apically rounded
lamina, adorned near the base with a hippocrepiform thickening.
Junin: Mountains of Yanengu, east of Huacapistana, 2300-2400
meters, epiphyte, Weberbauer 2130.
No material of this species has been seen.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 203
Stelis megistantha Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 65. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 110, nr. 432. 1929.
Plant caespitose, up to 35 cm. tall. Stems approximate, clothed through the
lower half with 3 tubular sheaths, 8-11 cm. high. Leaf petioled; lamina oblong-
ligulate, obtuse, up to 10.5 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide, coriaceous; petiole short,
about 1.5 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, erect, about twice as long as the leaf,
laxly many-flowered almost to the base. Flowers very large for the genus, smooth,
yellow. Sepals connate below, subequal, 5-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate
or "rhombic," acute or shortly acuminate, about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals
similar, oblique. Petals very small, transverse, cuneate-obovate or "reniform,"
fleshy-thickened near the rounded apex. Lip about equally long with the petals,
fleshy, subquadrate-ovate or "oval-oblong," broadly triangular at the sub-
truncate apex, with a transversely rhombic excavation in front.
Junin: Between Panti and Rocchas, 2500 meters, epiphyte,
Weberbauer 6539.
I have seen no specimens of this species.
Stelis melicoides Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 66. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 110, nr. 433. 1929.
Plant about 20 cm. tall, slender, with a rather stout, ascending rhizome.
Stems approximate, slender, up to 6 cm. high, entirely concealed by 2 tubular,
apiculate sheaths. Leaf petioled, 6-8 cm. long; lamina obliquely ligulate, obtuse,
narrowed at the base, up to about 6.3 cm. long and 12 mm. wide, coriaceous;
petiole up to 1.7 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, slender, erect, about twice as
long as the leaf, sublaxly many-flowered nearly to the base. Flowers medium-
sized, bilabiate, glabrous, nodding, reddish white. Sepals connate at the base,
3-nerved, subequal. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, obtuse, about
3 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, connivent.
Petals much smaller than the sepals, very broadly ovate, "obtuse" or acute,
oblique, lightly thickened at the apex. Lip ovate-lanceolate in outline, sharply
3-lobed below the middle, slightly longer than the petals, excavated near the base;
lateral lobes short, obliquely semiobovate; mid-lobe much larger, lanceolate,
acuminate.
Cajamarca: Chugur, northwest of Hualgayoc, 2700-2900 meters,
epiphytic, Weberbauer 4076.
No material of this species has been available.
Stelis minuta C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Lean1. Harvard Univ.
10: 120, t. 14, figs. 5-8. 1942. Figure 29.
Plant very small, minute for the genus, caespitose, up to 7.5 cm. tall. Stems
approximate, short, slender, erect-spreading from a decumbent base, up to 3.7
cm. long, mostly concealed by about 3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf
thickly coriaceous and subconduplicate in the dried specimen, linear-oblanceolate,
minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, narrowed below into a scarcely petioled
base, up to 4.3 cm. long and 6 mm. wide (when softened in hot water). In-
204 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
florescence solitary, shorter than the leaf, rather densely several- to many-flowered
to the base, up to 3 cm. long. Flowers minute, rather fleshy. Sepals similar,
connate at the base, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal rotund-ovate, acute, about 1.5 mm.
long. Lateral sepals a little smaller, oblique, apiculate. Petals very minute,
concave, rhombic-obovate or cuneate-obovate, thickened at the broadly rounded
apex. Lip about as long as the petals, subquadrate-ovate, much thickened with
upcurved sides, excavated in front, with a rather abrupt, triangular-acute and
incurved apex.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke s.n. (type).
Same locality, 1600 meters, Schunke 1668.
Stelis mononeura Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 4, no. 25. 1858.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to about 27 cm. high. Stems slender,
provided with about 3 close, tubular sheaths, up to about 16.5 cm. high. Leaf
petioled; lamina oblong-elliptic, up to about 6 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide, obtuse,
cuneate-narrowed below, coriaceous; petiole up to about 1.5 cm. long. Inflo-
rescences 3 to 5 to a stem, more or less surpassing the leaf, up to about 10 cm. long,
rather loosely many-flowered. Flowers small, secund, nodding. Sepals about
equal, oblong-ovate or "oblong," obtuse, 1-nerved, sparingly pilose within.
Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely ovate-rhombic, fleshy-thickened
at the rounded-truncate apex. Lip minute and distinctly smaller than the petals,
suborbicular in outline, sharply 3-lobed at about the middle, with a pair of oblique
approximate calli at the base; lateral lobes minute, dentiform, porrect; mid-lobe
much larger, semiorbicular.
Junin, ex Kranzlin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 137.
1921. Also Ecuador (type).
The above diagnosis was prepared with the aid of photographs
of this concept bearing floral analyses, from the Lindley Herbarium
at Kew.
Stelis nephropetala Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 66. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. Ill, nr. 434. 1929.
Plant small, caespitose, with an abbreviated rhizome, up to 15 cm. high.
Stems short, fascicled, up to 2 cm. long, entirely concealed by 2 tubular sheaths.
Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic-ligulate, obtuse, attenuate at the base, up to about
4.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, rather fleshy; petiole about 1 cm. long. Inflo-
rescence solitary, erect, about twice as long as the leaf, sublaxly many-flowered,
very slender. Flowers small, glabrous, subsecund, apparently dark red. Sepals
about equal, broadly triangular-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, 1.75 mm. long, with the
lateral sepals oblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals, semiorbicular-
reniform, concave, with the upper, broadly rounded margin scarcely thickened.
Lip about equal to the petals, ovate-suborbicular, broadly rounded in front,
retuse-truncate at the base, fleshy with a pair of obscure, longitudinal swellings
extending from the base to above the middle.
Loreto: Near Moyobamba, epiphytic, Filomeno s.n.
I have seen no material of this species.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 205
Stelis oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 139. 1805.
Humboldtia oblonga Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
236. 1798. = obscure species.
Huanuco: Muna, in mountains, Pavdn s.n.
Stelis parviflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. PL 2: 524. 1807.
Humboldtia parviflora Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. PL Peruv. et Chil. 236.
1798. = obscure species.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, Chinchao and Muna, on mountains, on trees
and rocks, Pawn s.n.
Willdenow (Sp. PL 4: 139. 1805) considers this concept a synonym
of S. polystachya which seems to be a species of Pleurothallis.
Stelis phaeomelana Schltr. Fedde Repert. 27: 45. 1929; C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 6. 1953.
Plant large and robust for the genus, caespitose, up to 55 cm. high. Stems
fascicled, stout, 6-22 cm. long, with 3 to 4 loose, tubular sheaths of which the
uppermost is separated and much the largest. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic-
oblong to elliptic, obtuse to rounded and lightly retuse at the apex, rather abruptly
cuneate-narrowed at the base, 9-16 cm. long, up to 6 cm. wide; petiole channelled,
about 2 cm. long. Inflorescences 1-2 to a stem, much surpassing the leaf, up
to 44 cm. long, suberect to lightly flexuous; raceme densely many-flowered, up to
33 cm. long. Floral bracts mostly approximate above, looser below. Flowers
rather small, dark brown to yellow-greenish, fleshy. Sepals pubescent within,
connate at the base. Dorsal sepal very broadly ovate, acute to subacute, up
to about 3 mm. long and subequally wide below, 5-nerved. Lateral sepals much
smaller, oblique. Petals relatively minute, concave, semiorbicular-reniform,
fleshy especially near the broadly rounded apex. Lip shortly clawed, very small,
semiorbicular-ovate or "semioval," concave, broadly rounded above, subcordate
at the base, with a transverse, fleshy keel near the base, up to 1 mm. long and
a little wider below.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, between Ttio and Murayaca,
Marcapata, 1960 meters, on rocks in sunny places, Vargas 3134.
Also Bolivia (type).
This concept may be conspecific with Stelis Ottonis Schltr.,
but our specimen of the latter species furnishes no flower for com-
parison.
Stelis piestopus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 67. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. Ill, nr. 436. 1929.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, about 30 cm. tall. Stems fascicled, up to
5.5 cm. high, entirely concealed by 3 imbricating, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf
oblong-spatulate, up to 6.5 cm. long; lamina up to about 4.9 cm. long and 2 cm.
206 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
wide, gradually narrowed below into a petiole up to 1.6 cm. long, coriaceous.
Inflorescence solitary, erect, several times surpassing the leaf, up to 23 cm. long,
sublaxly many-flowered, very slender, with flexuous rachis. Flowers medium-
sized, brown. Sepals spreading, about equal, ovate or triangular-ovate, subacute,
3-nerved, about 3 mm. long, papillose-puberulent toward the margins, the lateral
sepals oblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals, obliquely suborbicular, with
the apical margins shortly thickened. Lip scarcely larger than the petals, broadly
spatulate-obovate, rounded in front, shortly contracted below, mostly covered
by a large bilobed callus which is depressed in the middle.
Cajamarca: Above San Miguel, 2600-2700 meters, epiphytic,
Weberbauer 3902.
No material of this species was available.
Stelis polycarpa Schltr. Fedde Repert. 27: 46. 1929; C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 6. 1953.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, up to about 33 cm. tall. Stems up to 11 cm.
high, provided with 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost
is the largest and separated from the others. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic to
elliptic-oblong ("oblong-ligulate"), up to about 10 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide,
obtuse or subacute, cuneate below, subcoriaceous; petiole up to about 2 cm. long,
channelled. Inflorescences commonly solitary (rarely 2), up to about 23 cm.
long, about twice as long as the leaf or less, loosely many-flowered, slender,
commonly diffuse. Floral bracts small, strict. Flowers medium-sized, bilabiate,
glabrous, green to yellow. Sepals connate at the base. Dorsal sepal ovate or
triangular-ovate, acute or obtuse, 5-nerved, 3.5-4.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals
smaller, connate into a deeply concave, suborbicular, bidentate lamina. Petals
relatively minute, transversely cuneate-flabellate or subrhombic, with a fleshy-
thickened, rounded-truncate apex. Lip minute; when viewed from above cuneate-
subquadrate with a truncate-retuse apex having projecting sides; when viewed
from the front transversely triangular-ovate, lightly 3-lobed above, with the
lateral lobes obtusely triangular-ovate ("semioblong") and the mid-lobe shallowly
rounded to semiorbicular; lamina with a transverse, fleshy thickening between
the lateral lobes, about 0.9 mm. long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, S. Pedro to Sta. Isabel, 1350
meters, Vargas 6785. — Huanuco: Left bank of Rio Huallaga, above
Cayumba, 805 meters, on forest tree trunks and lower branches,
Mexia 8313a. — Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and
Moyobamba, 600-1200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Klug 0.18.
Also Bolivia (type).
Stelis polystachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 139. 1805.
Humboldtia polystachya Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
234. 1798. = Pleurothallis species.
Huanuco: Chinchao, on mountains on trees. Pavon s.n.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 207
Stelis punoensis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15: 19, t. 10. 1951. Figure 34.
Plant medium-sized, up to 26.5 cm. or more tall. Rhizome conspicuous,
stout, ascending, closely enveloped by evanescent sheaths. Stems apparently
in pairs, with a more or less decumbent base, 3-13.5 cm. long, provided with
3 tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is the largest. Leaf more
or less distinctly petioled, 4.7-9.6 cm. long; lamina oblanceolate or elliptic, acute,
gradually narrowed below, up to 8 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-3,
longer or rarely somewhat shorter than the leaf, loosely to subdensely several- to
many-flowered, up to about 15.5 cm. high, often with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers
rather large for the genus, apparently purplish. Sepals 3-nerved, minutely
pubescent within. Dorsal sepal ovate or elliptic-ovate, subacute, about 6.9 mm.
long. Lateral sepals more or less deeply connate, obliquely suborbicular-ovate,
distinctly shorter and slightly wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller
than the sepals, suborbicular, broadly rounded to obtuse, fleshy-thickened above.
Lip smaller than the petals, very fleshy, ovate, truncate at the base, with sub-
cordate erect sides, obtuse, about 1 mm. long and wide; disc with a bilobed fleshy
thickening near the base, concave in front.
Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, between Ollachea and Pte. Acko-
pampa, 3200 meters, on cliffs, Vargas 6981 .
Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140. 1805.
Humboldtia purpurea Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 235.
1798. Stelis truncata Lindl. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1836.
Stelis Huancabambae Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117: 20.
1916. Stelis cordibmctea Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 51. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 80, nr. 310. 1929. Stelis phaeantha
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 68. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih.
57: t. Ill, nr. 435. 1929.
Plant very variable, medium-sized to large, up to about 67 cm. tall, caespitose.
Stems simple or proliferous in the leaf-axils, each member up to about 31 cm. high,
provided with 2 or 3 tubular, truncate sheaths of which the uppermost is the
largest and usually separated from the others. Leaf petioled; lamina oblong to
elliptic or oval (rarely ovate-oblong), up to 13 cm. long and about 4.3 cm. wide,
acute to more or less obtuse and often tridenticulate at the apex, gradually to
rather abruptly narrowed at the base, subcoriaceous to fleshy; petiole up to 3.3
cm. long, channelled. Inflorescences 1 or 2, commonly much surpassing the
leaves, up to about 46 cm. long, many-flowered, with racemes which are commonly
dense above and very loose below. Floral bracts conspicuous, tubular at the base,
erect or erect-spreading, more or less acuminate. Flowers medium-sized to rather
large, bilabiate, glabrous, greenish, brown or purple. Dorsal sepal 5- to in-
distinctly 11-nerved, triangular-ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse to subacute, up to
10.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a suborbicular or broadly oval,
deeply concave lamina which is sometimes bidentate, about as long as the dorsal
sepal but broader. Petals much smaller, transverse, semiorbicular or suborbicular-
rhombic, with a fleshy-thickened, more or less truncate-rounded apex. Lip
STELIS
u no ens is
chweinfi
FIG. 34. Stelis punoensis C. Schweinf. 1, plants; X %. 2, flower from
front; X 3. 3, flower from side; X 3. 4, lip, three-quarters view; X 15. 5, lip
from front; X 15. 6, petal; X 15.
208
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 209
similar to the petals in size; when viewed from above semiorbicular with a truncate
apex having on each side a more or less prominent angle; when viewed from the
front transversely rhombic, broadly acute to rounded at the apex, with a trans-
verse, fleshy keel across the middle, about 1 mm. long.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n. (type of Stelis truncata).
— Cajamarca: Prov. of Jae"n, Cordillera east of Huancabamba, in
hardwoods consisting of shrubs mixed with small trees, 2400-2500
meters, Weberbauer 6112 (type of Stelis Huancabambae) . — Cuzco:
Prov. of Calca, Lares Valley above Mantoc, 2400-2500 meters, on
rocks, Weberbauer 7905. Prov. of Convencion, "Hda. Potrero,
Sapan-Sachayocc," 2200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2537.
Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meters, on rocks, Vargas
2989. — Huanuco: Chinchao, 1850 meters, Scolnik 1081. Huacachi,
near Mufia, in "montana," about 2000 meters, Macbride 4097.
Muna, on trees and rocks, Pavdn s.n. (type of Humboldtia purpurea) .
Muna, about 2150 meters, Macbride 3997. Pampayaco (Pampa-
yacu), Kanehira 304, 308. — Junin: On the mountains of Yanangu,
east of Huacapistana, 2300-2400 meters, Weberbauer 2128 (type of
Stelis phaeantha) . Also Colombia and Ecuador (type of Stelis cordi-
bractea).
Stelis quinquenervia C. Schweinf. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc.
Exact. Fisic. y. Nat. 5, no. 19: 349. 1943.
Plant medium-sized to large, with an ascending, creeping rhizome, up to
about 38 cm. high. Stems approximate, about 8-18.5 cm. long, with 2 or 3 close,
tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is much the largest. Leaf petioled,
coriaceous; lamina oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, subacute to broadly
obtuse, often with a tridenticulate apex, cuneate below, up to 13 cm. long and 3.8
cm. wide; petiole channelled, up to 3.6 cm. long. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem,
stout, usually somewhat exceeding the leaf, many-flowered, subdense above, up
to 22 cm. long. Flowers rather large for the genus, deep yellow in the type.
Sepals horizontally spreading, deeply connate below, finely pubescent within,
5-nerved. Dorsal sepal ovate or broadly ovate, acute to subobtuse, 4.5-5.8 mm.
long and somewhat wider below. Lateral sepals closely similar but slightly
smaller, suboblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely oval or
rhombic-oval, concave, fleshy-thickened through the upper half, broadly rounded
above. Lip about as long as the petals but much narrower, round-ovate or
transversely-ovate when viewed from the front, subacute to obtuse, fleshy near
the base with a transverse, bilobed callus, about 1.5 mm. long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc,
2200 meters, epiphytic in forest, Vargas 2549 (type). — Huanuco:
Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 303. (The latter collection is
much larger than the type.)
210 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Stelis recurvula Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 68. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. Ill, nr. 437. 1929.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 30 cm. tall. Stems fascicled, slender,
13-17 cm. high, provided with 3 to 4 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf oblong or
oblong-ligulate, obtuse, contracted below into a short petiole, up to 10 cm. long
and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences 2 to 4 to a stem, a little surpassing the leaf,
subdensely many-flowered almost to the base. Flowers very small, glabrous.
Dorsal sepal rhombic-ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, lightly recurved, about 1.5 mm.
long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, acute. Petals much smaller than the sepals,
round-obovate or "broadly obreniform," lightly thickened at the subtruncate
apex. Lip scarcely longer than the petals, oblong-obovate in outline, from a
fleshy subquadrate base abruptly dilated into a concave, transversely oval,
anterior portion which is lightly 3-lobed, the lateral lobules being short and
rounded and the middle one subequally large, obtusely triangular or semiorbicular
and porrect.
Cajamarca: Mountains west of Huambos, 3100-3200 meters,
epiphytic, Weberbauer 4175.
Stelis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 140. 1806. Hum-
boldtia revoluta Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 235. 1798
= Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl.
Huanuco: Muna, on trees and rocks, Pavon s.n.
Stelis rhizomatosa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 69. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 112, nr. 438. 1929.
Plant small, with an elongate, creeping rhizome which is more or less branched
and entirely concealed by imbricating, scarious sheaths. Stems approximate to
remote, up to about 7 cm. long, commonly ascending from a decumbent base,
entirely concealed by 3 tubular, membranaceous sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina
elliptic to oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse with a minutely
tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed to a slender petioled base, up to about
6 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, subcoriaceous; petiole up to 2 cm. long. Inflo-
rescences commonly solitary, shorter than or slightly longer than the leaf, loosely
few- to many-flowered, arcuate or flexuous. Flowers rather small, thin, glabrous
or finely pubescent within, brown with green margins or "cinnamon drab."
Sepals 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, subobtuse, about
2.5-3 mm. long. Lateral sepals smaller, round-ovate, oblique. Petals much
smaller than the sepals, transversely oval or rhombic, fleshy-thickened above,
truncate-rounded or subacute at the apex. Lip smaller than the petals, trans-
verse, subquadrate, cuneate-subquadrate or quadrate-oval, lightly retuse in front
with a small incurved apicule in the middle; disc much fleshy-thickened through
the middle, about 0.75 mm. long.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Jae"n, east of Huancabamba, eastern slopes
of the Cordillera, 2400-2500 meters, Weberbauer 6110 (type).—
Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2300-2400 meters, epi-
phyte in forest along Rio Pillahuata, Pennell 14007.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 211
Stelis rhombilabia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 21, t. 11. 1951. Figure 35.
Plant large, 30 cm. or more tall. Rhizome incomplete in our specimen.
Stems approximate in twos or threes, about 13-19 cm. long, with 2 or 3 tubular,
evanescent sheaths, the uppermost and largest being loose and sometimes pro-
duced into an imperfect leaf-blade. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic or oblong-ovate,
obtuse or subacute with a tridenticulate apex, cuneate to subrounded at the base,
10-12.6 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide; petiole conspicuous, up to 2.2 cm. long. In-
florescences 3-4, much surpassing the leaf, suberect to diffuse, many-flowered,
densely flowered above and loose at the base, about 18-30 cm. long. Flowers
small, secund, yellow, strongly bilabiate. Sepals tubular-concave, 3-nerved,
densely short-pubescent within. Dorsal sepal ovate, short-acuminate, about
4 mm. long. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a suborbicular-ovate, deeply
concave lamina which is shorter but much broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals
relatively minute, concave, suborbicular, fleshy-thickened above, rounded at the
apex. Lip subequaling the petals, ovate-rhombic, narrowed to an obtuse apex,
about 0.6 mm. long; disc with the entire central part occupied by a very fleshy,
arched or 2-armed callus surrounding the concave apical portion.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, between Km. 97 and 108, F.C.C.,
2200 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3413.
Stelis rhomboglossa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 70. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 112, nr. 439. 1929.
Plant medium-sized, up to 25 cm. tall, caespitose. Stems fascicled, up to
6 cm. high, provided with 2 or 3 thin, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong, obtuse,
contracted into a short petiole, up to about 8 cm. long and 2.7 cm. wide, coriaceous;
petiole about 1 cm. long. Inflorescences 2 to 4, slender, twice or three times
surpassing the leaf, sublaxly many-flowered, secund. Flowers small, nodding,
apparently dark purple. Sepals 3-nerved, connate below, minutely papillose
within and ciliolate on the margins. Dorsal sepal ovate or narrowly ovate, obtuse,
concave, 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, rather obtuse, somewhat
shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transverse,
flabellate-cuneate, lightly thickened at the truncate-rounded apex. Lip scarcely
longer than the petals, "rhombic" or rhombic-obovate in outline, fleshy, from
a cuneate base abruptly dilated into a triangular-semiorbicular lamina, the lower
half being mostly concealed by a pair of approximate, semiovate calli.
Junin: Chanchamayo, La Merced, epiphyte, Kohler s.n.
Stelis santiagoensis Mansf. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10:
239. 1928; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 7. 1953.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose. Stems fascicled, up to about 4.5 cm. high,
concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate,
elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong, obtuse and minutely tridenticulate at the apex,
very gradually long-narrowed to a slender petioled base, up to about 13 cm. long
and 1.9 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, more or less exceeding the leaf, slender,
subdensely or "laxly" many-flowered, arcuate or flexuous. Flowers small, numer-
FIG. 35. Stelis rhombilabia C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X Y%. 2, flower from
front, expanded; X 6. 3, flower, three-quarters view; X 6. 4, lip from front;
X 25. 5, lip from above; X 15. 6, petal; X 25.
212
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 213
ous, glabrous, bright green. Sepals ovate, 3-nerved, apparently convex. Dorsal
sepal acute or short-acuminate, up to 3 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, smaller,
oblique, obtuse. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely rhombic,
concave, fleshy-thickened above. Lip as small as, and similar to, the petals,
transversely rhombic with upcurved sides, obtuse, about 0.6 mm. long, most of
the lamina being occupied by a fleshy, bilobed thickening.
Loreto: Along the Maranon River from Iquitos to the mouth
of the Santiago River at Pongo de Manseriche, 160 meters, epiphyte
in rain-forest, Tessmann 4363 (type), 4086.
Examination and measurement of Tessmann 4086 (not "4068")
show some discrepancies from the description.
Stelis scansor Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 241. 1855; Lindl. Fol. Orch.
Stelis 10, no. 75. 1858.
Rhizome elongate, creeping, funiform, entirely concealed by close, tubular,
evanescent sheaths. Secondary stems short, appressed to the rhizome (often
with ascending upper portions), 2 to almost 5 cm. long, entirely concealed by
2 tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaves about as long as the stems, ascending,
shortly petioled; lamina narrowly elliptic or "oval-lanceolate," subacute, cuneate
at the base, up to about 3.8 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, coriaceous; petiole very
short and slender, channelled, up to about 5 mm. long. Inflorescence solitary,
rather densely many-flowered, shorter than the leaf but surpassing it at maturity.
Flowers very small, glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, about 2.6
mm. or more long, rather fleshy. Lateral sepals similar but smaller, prominently
1- (or obscurely 3-) nerved. Petals much smaller than the sepals, suborbicular-
obovate, rounded at the apex, fleshy-thickened above and in the middle. Lip
about as large as the petals, transverse, rhombic, obtuse, fleshy-thickened in the
middle, about 0.6 mm. long.
"Peru"(?) fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 138. 1921.
Colombian-Ecuadorian boundary in the Andes (type).
The above diagnosis was prepared chiefly from a specimen with
immature inflorescences, in the Ames Herbarium.
Stelis serra Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 397. 1843; Fol.
Orch. Stelis 11, no. 84. 1858.
Plant small, up to about 18 cm. tall, often with an apparently ascending
rhizome. Stems approximate, up to about 5.5 cm. high, entirely concealed by
2 or 3 tubular, scarious, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong-spatulate (rarely sub-
elliptic) to oblanceolate-oblong, rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate
apex, gradually narrowed to a stout channelled base, up to 7.4 cm. long and 1.6
cm. wide, coriaceous, marginate. Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, about twice as
long as the leaf or more, up to 16 cm. long, erect to arcuate or flexuous, densely
many-flowered above. Floral bracts conspicuous, distichous, approximate or
imbricating, infundibuliform, membranaceous, acute or acuminate. Flowers
very small, yellow, slightly exceeding the floral bracts, glabrous. Sepals about
equal, obtuse, indistinctly 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate, about
214 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
1.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals suborbicular, slightly shorter. Petals about half as
long as the sepals, cuneate-obovate, with a fleshy-thickened, truncate or retuse
apex. Lip slightly longer than the petals, longitudinally concave, subquadrate-
cuneate, trilobed or lightly trilobulate at the rounded apex, with a fleshy-bilobed
thickening through the lower half in the center, about 1 mm. long.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1836 (type). — Cuzco: "Pilla-
huata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2700-3200 meters, epiphyte in thicket,
Pennell 13919. Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 2800 meters,
Vargas 4955,—Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 138.
1921.
Stelis simacoensis Schltr. Fedde Repert. 27: 47. 1929; C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 7. 1953.
Plant small to medium-sized, up to 18 cm. high. Stems caespitose, about
2-8 cm. high, slender, provided with 2 or 3 scarious, tubular, evanescent sheaths
of which the uppermost is the largest. Leaf petioled; lamina narrowly oblong to
oblong-elliptic (rarely oblanceolate-oblong), up to about 8.4 cm. long and 1.5 cm.
wide, obtuse or rounded above with a minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate at the
base, coriaceous; petiole up to about 1.5 (1.8) cm. long, channelled, more or less
gradually merging into the lamina. Inflorescences 1 to 3, varying from shorter
than the leaf to about twice as long as the leaf, densely to sublaxly many-flowered
almost to the base, diffuse and commonly arcuate. Flowers very small, yellowish
green or cream-color. Sepals 3-nerved, minutely pubescent within especially
toward the margins. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or subacute, up to
2 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little smaller, triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate,
oblique, dorsally carinate. Petals much smaller than the sepals, broadly cuneate-
flabellate, slightly thickened toward the truncate apex. Lip longer and narrower
than the petals, quadrate-oblong when viewed from above or cuneate when viewed
from the side, truncate at the apex, with a transverse, fleshy, retuse keel between
the incurved sides near the apex, about 0.60 mm. long.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1200-1600 meters,
epiphyte in forest, Klug 3520. Also Bolivia (type) .
Stelis spathulata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 46, t. 80.
1836; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 2, no. 2. 1858; Cogn. Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 4: 347. 1896.
Plant small, caespitose, up to about 11 cm. tall. Stems short, up to 4 cm.
high, invested by about 2 tubular, shining, evanescent sheaths. Leaf narrowly
oblong-spatulate or cuneate-spatulate, rounded and minutely tridenticulate at
the apex, gradually narrowed to a petioled base, up to 6 cm. long and 7 mm. wide,
coriaceous, with revolute margins. Inflorescence solitary, equally long with the
leaf or slightly exceeding it, up to 7 cm. long, densely many-flowered down to
the base, very slender, erect or lightly arcuate. Floral bracts distichously im-
bricated, amplexicaul, ovate, deeply concave, acute, subappressed, longer than
the flowers. Flowers very minute. Sepals subconnivent, about equal, ovate-
oblong, acute, 3-nerved, membranaceous, up to 1.5 mm. long. Petals much
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 215
smaller than the sepals, cuneate or cuneate-obovate, concave, thickened at the
subtruncate apex. Lip about equally long with the petals, broadly obovate in
outline, tridentate at the subtruncate apex, about 0.34 mm. long.
Huanuco: Near Pampayaco (Pampayacu) (type) and Cuchero
(Cochero), epiphyte, Poeppig s.n. Near Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews
1912. Also Venezuela.
Stelis spiralis (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. PL 2: 524. 1807. Hum-
boldtia spiralis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 237. 1798.
= Pleurothallis spiralis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 7. 1830, apparently
referable to Stelis pur pur ea Willd.
Junin: Huassa-huassi, in rocky places, Pavdn s.n.
Stelis stenophylla Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 70. 1855; Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Stelis 10, no. 70. 1858.
Plant rather small, with an ascending rhizome, about 15 cm. or more high.
Stems up to about 7.6 cm. high, approximate, slender, provided with 2 or 3 tubular
sheaths of which the uppermost is the largest. Leaf petioled; lamina narrowly
oblong ("linear-ligulate"), obtusely acute at the apex, long-narrowed below, up to
about 7.6 cm. long and 6 mm. wide; petiole slender, up to 2.5 mm. long. In-
florescence equaling or exceeding the leaf, rather loosely many-flowered. Flowers
rather small, nodding, brown. Sepals about equal, ovate, obtuse. Petals much
smaller than the sepals, transversely oval with a cuneate-unguiculate base. Lip
broadly triangular-cordate, acute, with the lateral margins minutely denticulate
and the disc fleshy.
"Peru"(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 138. 1921.
Also Colombia (type).
A drawing of this concept from the Reichenbach Herbarium
was examined, but no actual material was seen.
Stelis striolata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 4, no. 26. 1858.
Plant medium-sized, up to about 30 cm. tall (base not present in the type).
Stems probably caespitose, slender and elongate, about 18 cm. or more long,
provided with 2 or more close, tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled, shorter than the
stem; lamina lanceolate-elliptic, up to almost 13 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse,
cuneate at the base, sub coriaceous; petiole up to about 2 cm. long, slender. In-
florescences 2 to a stem, about equaling the leaf, diffuse, subdensely many-
flowered nearly to the base. Flowers very small, secund. Sepals apparently
ovate, tristriate, rather fleshy. Petals probably much smaller than the sepals,
transversely rhombic-cuneate with a broadly rounded apex. Lip about as long
as the petals but narrower, obovate from a broad base, abruptly acute at the
subtruncate apex, transversely excavated in front.
Cajamarca (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 138. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
216 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
The type of this species lacks the lower part of the stem and
rhizome, and the description of the flower-parts is inadequate. No
material of this concept was seen — only a photograph of the type
from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew.
Stelis Tessmannii Mansf. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 238.
1928.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to about 14 cm. tall. Stem short, slender,
up to about 3 cm. high, entirely concealed by 2 loose, tubular, evanescent sheaths.
Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic to elliptic-oblong (rarely slightly wider above the
middle), subobtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate at the base, up to
9 cm. long and 2 cm. wide; petiole slender, channelled, up to about 1.5 cm. long.
Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, reaching to a little above the middle of the leaf,
densely 10- to 20-flowered. Floral bracts conspicuous, broadly ovate, acute,
equaling the pedicellate ovary. Flowers medium-sized, bilabiate, glabrous.
Dorsal sepal ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 5- to 7-nerved, rather fleshy, up to
5.4 mm. long, bright green. Lateral sepals connate into a subequally long but
broader, ovate-suborbicular, deeply concave, membranaceous lamina, greenish
and carmine or dark carmine. Petals very much smaller than the sepals, concave,
transversely rhombic or "cuneate," with a fleshy-thickened apical half. Lip
fleshy, slightly smaller than the petals; when viewed from above, semilunate and
truncate in front; when viewed from the front, ovate-semiorbicular and lightly
concave near the apex; about 0.5 mm. long and nearly twice as broad.
Loreto: At the mouth of the Santiago River, 160 meters, epi-
phyte in dense forest, Tessmann 4084-
Stelis thecoglossa Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 93. 1866.
Plant variable, caespitose, small to rather large, up to about 30 cm. or more
tall. Stems fascicled, about 2-15 (rarely 24) cm. long, with 2-3 close or loose
tubular, evanescent sheaths, the uppermost being the largest. Leaf petioled;
lamina oblong to oblong-elliptic, rounded or obtuse to subacute, up to 15 cm. long
and 2 (rarely 2.7) cm. wide; petiole indistinct to 2 cm. long. Inflorescences
solitary or rarely 2-3 to a stem, usually much surpassing the leaf at maturity,
about 23 cm. or less long, densely many-flowered, with rather prominent, ascend-
ing, distichous bracts. Flowers small, pale green, yellow and white, or dark red
to purple. Sepals connate at the base, forming a short cup, 3-nerved. Dorsal
sepal broadly ovate to round-ovate, obtuse to acute, about 2.2 mm. long. Lateral
sepals similar, a very little smaller. Petals much smaller than the sepals, trans-
verse, subrhombic to cuneate-subquadrate, fleshy-thickened above with a sub-
truncate apex (appearing obtusely acute above). Lip semiorbicular-ovate, con-
cave, rounded or cordate at the base, broadly obtuse to subacute, with a trans-
verse, bilobed keel near the base, about 1.6 mm. or less long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convencion, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc,
2200 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Vargas 2544- A widely
distributed species extending from Mexico through Central America
to Costa Rica (type), and now Srst notod from South America.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 217
Stelis triangulisepala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15:22, t. 12. 1951. Figure 36.
Plant small, caespitose, up to 12.3 cm. high to the tip of the raceme. Stems
very slender, fascicled, about 3.6 cm. or less tall, concealed by 2 or 3 close, tubular
sheaths which are imbricating, dark or maculate and evanescent in course of
development. Leaf erect, indistinctly petioled, 3.2-6.1 cm. long, 3.5-9 mm. wide;
lamina elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, minutely tridenticulate at the
subacute apex, gradually narrowed below, up to 5.3 cm. long. Inflorescences
axillary, one to several (9), more or less surpassing the leaf, erect to arcuate or
diffuse, loosely 4- to 13-flowered above, about 10 cm. or less long. Flowers large
for the plant, flat, rounded-triangular in outline, greenish white, glabrous, with
sepals deeply connate. Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, obtuse or subacute, about
4.1 mm. long and slightly wider near the base of the free portion. Lateral sepals
closely similar to the dorsal sepal but slightly shorter, suboblique, strongly obtuse.
Petals much smaller than the sepals, suborbicular-ovate, rounded above, lightly
cordate at the base, with all but the basal portion fleshy-thickened. Lip smaller
than the petals, ovate-semiorbicular, obtuse or rounded at the apex, concave,
with a prominent, fleshy, transverse, bilobed callus near the middle, about 0.75
mm. long and 1 mm. wide.
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Ampurco woods, between
Salcabamba and Surcubamba, 2900 meters, epiphyte on mossy
tree, Stork & Horton 10425.
Stelis tricardium Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 14, no. 101. 1858.
Plant rather small, caespitose, up to about 20 cm. tall. Stems slender, entirely
concealed by 2 or 3 tubular sheaths, up to about 4 cm. high. Leaf oblong-cuneate
to oblanceolate or "spatulate," obtuse (the apex of one of the two leaves of the
type collection is obviously imperfect or bent back), long-attenuate below into
a channelled petiole, coriaceous, up to about 9 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide. In-
florescence solitary, suberect to diffuse, about twice as long as the leaf, up to about
18 cm. long, rather loosely many-flowered above. Flowers small. Sepals equal,
broadly ovate-cordate, acute, 3-nerved, conspicuously fine-pubescent within.
Petals much smaller than the sepals, rhombic-cuneate, with a fleshy-thickened,
subtruncate apex. Lip about equaling the petals, suborbicular-hexagonal, trun-
cate in front, with most of the inner surface covered by a large, medianly chan-
nelled, fleshy callus.
Puno, (ex Kranzlin), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9:
138. 1921. Also Ecuador (type).
The above description was compiled with the aid of photo-
graphs bearing analytical drawings, from the Lindley Herbarium
at Kew.
Stelis triseta Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 17, no. 126. 1858.
Plant large, caespitose, usually with proliferous stems which are sometimes
tangled into large loose mats. Stem members up to about 16 cm. long, rooting
STELIS
"frriangulisep a la
OcAu)
FIG. 36. Stelis triangulisepala C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X
X 5. 3, lip from side; X 20. 4, lip from front; X 20.
s- 2, flower;
218
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 219
at the nodes, adorned with 2-4 close, more or less maculate, tubular sheaths.
Leaves petioled; lamina elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, acute or subacute with
a minutely tridenticulate apex, shortly cuneate below, up to 9 cm. long and 2.3
cm. wide; petiole slender, about 1.5 cm. or less long. Inflorescence solitary,
loosely to subdensely many-flowered, up to 22 cm. long. Flowers small, nodding,
bilabiate, yellowish white, white and dark pink or pale green with lavender
streaks. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, concave, acute or subacute, up to 4 mm.
long, 3- (rarely 4-) nerved. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, acute, much shorter
and wider than the dorsal sepal, more or less connate into a suborbicular-ovate,
deeply concave lamina. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely rhom-
bic, with the apical margins fleshy-thickened and produced into a long, conspicu-
ous mucro in the middle. Lip similar to the petals, cuneate-obovate, retuse-
truncate in front, produced into a long mucro or cusp in the middle, about 1.6
mm. long; disc of the lower portion concave, mostly occupied by a large fleshy
callus.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc,
2200 meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2552. Prov. of Paucar-
tambo, Pillahuata, 2800 meters, epiphyte, Vargas 4949- Also
Bolivia (type) and Venezuela.
Stelis triseta Lindl. var. pardipes (Reichb. f.) C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 24. 1951. Stelis pardipes
Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 96. 1866.
Plant variable, caespitose, commonly with simple stems up to about 15.5
cm. long, with close, maculate sheaths similar to those of the type. Leaves
petioled; lamina linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong, commonly obtuse, gradually
narrowed below, up to 11 cm. long and 1.9 (rarely 2.2) cm. wide; petiole similar
to that of the type. Inflorescences 1-2 (rarely 5) to a stem, suberect to diffuse,
loosely to subdensely many-flowered, shorter or longer than the leaf, up to about
23 cm. long. Flowers closely similar to those of the type, commonly greenish
wine-color.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-
1000 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22773.—
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, between Sta. Isabel and Asuncion,
1800 meters, epiphyte, flowers yellow, Vargas 5530. — Junin: Pichis
Trail, Dos de Mayo, 1700-1900 meters, epiphyte in dense forest,
flowers greenish, Killip & Smith 25806, 25883. Common in Costa
Rica (type).
Stelis uninervia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15:25, t. 13. 1951. Figure 37.
Plant medium-sized, slender, up to 27 cm. high. Stems caespitose, some-
times in pairs, very slender, 11.5-13.7 cm. long, with about 3 close, tubular sheaths,
the uppermost being elongate and separated from the others. Leaf short-
petioled, up to 10.3 cm. long; lamina narrowly elliptic-oblong, obtuse, shortly
220 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
cuneate at the base, about 9 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide. Inflorescences fascicled,
subequaling or surpassing the leaf, 14 to 16 in number, about 7.5-15 cm. long,
subdensely many-flowered nearly to the base. Flowers very small, glabrous, pale
yellowish white. Sepals connate at the base, membranaceous, 1-nerved, with very
short, indistinct lateral nerves near the base. Dorsal sepal ovate, sharply acute,
about 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals closely similar, slightly oblique. Petals much
smaller, obovate-oval, subacute, with a thickened apex. Lip slightly larger than
the petals, strongly concave, suborbicular-ovate when expanded, sharply acute,
lightly retuse on each side above the middle, about 1.2 mm. long and 1.1 mm.
wide, lightly transverse-thickened at the base.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Hda. Ttio, Marcapata, 2000
meters, in sunny, rocky places, Vargas 3116.
Stelis velutina Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 17, no. 130. 1858.
Plant small to medium-sized, densely caespitose, up to about 27 cm. or more
tall. Stems entirely or mostly concealed by 2 or 3 loose, tubular, evanescent
sheaths, up to about 12 cm. high. Leaf narrowly elliptic-oblong to elliptic (rarely
apparently slightly broader above), obtuse to rounded with a minutely tri-
denticulate apex, gradually narrowed to a more or less distinctly petioled base,
up to about 12.5 cm. long including the petiole, and 3.3 cm. wide, coriaceous.
Inflorescences 1 or 2, about twice as long as the leaf or more, up to about 27 cm.
long, flexuous-suberect to arcuate, rather loosely to subdensely many-flowered.
Flowers small, bilabiate, whitish green, green or greenish yellow. Dorsal sepal
oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, concave, obtuse, 3-nerved, minutely papillose
within, up to 5.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals smaller, oblique, 3-nerved, semi-
connate or entirely connate into a suborbicular or broadly ovate, concave lamina.
Petals much smaller than the sepals, cuneate-obovate or transversely cuneate-
subrhombic, broadly rounded and fleshy-thickened at the apex. Lip a little
smaller than the petals, suborbicular-ovate in outline, lightly 3-lobed near the
middle, with the lateral lobes relatively small and incurved and the apical lobe
ovate to ovate-triangular or shallowly triangular, about 1 mm. long; disc with
a large fleshy, bilobed, transverse callus extending between the lateral lobes.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-
1000 meters, epiphyte in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22777 —
Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3000-3300 meters, epi-
phyte in thicket in valley of paramo, Pennell 14118. — Junin: Prov.
of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1900 meters, on tree in low highland forest,
Woytkowski 35477. Also Ecuador (type).
This species is widely variable both vegetatively and florally.
Stelis viridipurpurea Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3, no. 13. 1858;
Cogn Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 350. 1896.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized, up to about 28 cm. tall. Stem slender, up to
8 cm. long, clothed with 2 or 3 loose, tubular, spathaceous, evanescent sheaths.
Leaf spatulate-oblong to oblong or elliptic-oblong, rounded at the apex, narrowed
below to a scarcely petioled base, up to 9 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide, coriaceous.
STELIS
Cs Scfuvtfe, tnf/
FIG. 37. Stelis uninervia C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X K. 2, flower; X 12.
3, petal; X 20. 4, lip from front and side; X 20.
221
222 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Inflorescences 1 or 2 to a stem, very slender, lax, up to 20 cm. long, more than
twice as long as the leaf, sublaxly many-flowered almost to the base. Flowers
small, green tinged with purple. Sepals glabrous, 3-nerved, membranaceous,
concave, connate at the base. Dorsal sepal broadly round-ovate, obtuse, 3 mm.
long. Lateral sepals smaller, obliquely triangular-ovate, subacute. Petals
minute, transversely oval or "oblate-sagittate," broadly rounded and fleshy-
thickened at the apex. Lip as long as the petals, semiorbicular, truncate in front,
fleshy, transversely callose below the middle, about 0.67 mm. long and 1 mm. wide.
Loreto (ex Cogniaux), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9:
138. 1921. Also Brazil (type).
The above diagnosis was compiled with the aid of two photo-
graphs of the type number in the Ames Herbarium.
Stelis Weberbaueri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 70. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 112, nr. 440. 1929.
Plant medium-sized to large for the genus, up to about 35 cm. tall, densely
caespitose. Stems numerous, stout, up to about 21.5 cm. high, provided with
2 to 4 loose, tubular, evanescent sheaths of which the uppermost is much the
largest and commonly separated. Leaf rigidly erect, narrowly elliptic-oblong,
obtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed below to a sub-
sessile channelled base, up to about 15.5 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, apparently
fleshy-coriaceous. Inflorescences 2 to 6, short, twice or three times shorter than
the leaf, subdensely many-flowered to the base, more or less diffuse, up to 6.5 cm.
long. Flowers very small, nodding, greenish yellow. Sepals 3-nerved, connate
at the base, minutely pubescent within. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or round-
ovate, obtuse or subacute, up to 2.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar but dis-
tinctly smaller, round-ovate, oblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals,
transversely subrhombic with rounded outer angles, fleshy-thickened toward the
broad apex. Lip slightly larger than the petals, cuneate-subquadrate, concave,
very obscurely 3-lobed at the truncate apex, with a bilobed fleshy callus above
the middle, up to about 1 mm. long.
Piura: Prov. of Huancabamba, western slopes of the Cordillera
east of Huancabamba, 2500 meters, Weberbauer 6315.
This diagnosis was drawn from several collections of the type
number.
PHYSOSIPHON Lindl.
Small and inconspicuous, tropical American epiphytes. Plant caespitose,
with slender, non-pseudobulbous stems invested by 1 to several, tubular sheaths
and bearing a single, erect leaf at the summit. Leaf oblong or elliptic-oblong
(rarely spatulate-oblong or obovate), coriaceous. Inflorescences 1 or 2, sub-
axillary and issuing from a point just below the leaf, racemose, generally more or
less exceeding the leaf. Flowers small to minute, commonly numerous. Sepals
long-connate at the base into a camp?.nulate or urceolate cup, with free lobes
which are erect or somewhat spreading. Petals dwarf, concealed in the tube,
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 223
cuneate (or rarely lanceolate). Lip slightly larger than the petals, commonly
3-lobed, narrowed toward the base and in front.
Physosiphon emarginatus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21, sub t. 1797.
1836; Reichb. f. Bonpl. 4: 217. 1856. Pleurothallis emarginata
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 6. 1830. Humboldtia emarginata Pav. ex
Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 6. 1830, in synon.
Plant caespitose, up to about 23 cm. high. Stem short, up to about 4 cm. or
more high, concealed by several tubular sheaths. Leaf solitary, oblong or linear-
lorate, minutely emarginate at the broadly rounded apex, gradually narrowed to
a channelled, indistinctly petioled base, up to about 11.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm.
wide. Racemes solitary, capillary, arcuate-nodding, up to 22.9 cm. long, rather
loosely many-flowered. Sepals connate to a point beyond the middle, with the
free portions ovate-lanceolate, fleshy. Petals dwarf, cuneate, shorter than the
column. Lip parallel to the column and of equal length, very small but larger
than the petals, 3-lobed; lateral lobes retrorse, abbreviated and retuse; mid-lobe
elongate and obtuse; lamina with a pair of very obscure keels converging toward
the apex.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pavon s.n. (type). — Huanuco(?), fide
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 135. 1921. Also British Guiana,
fide Cogniaux, Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 342. 1896.
The details of the lip were supplied by Reichenbach (I.e.).
CRYPTOPHORANTHUS Barb. Rodr.
A small genus of American epiphytes extending from Costa Rica, Panama
and the West Indies through northern South America to Brazil and Peru. Plants
small to medium-sized (or rarely large), with an abbreviated or more rarely
creeping rhizome. Stems usually clustered, concealed by sheaths, one-leaved at
the apex. Leaves erect, usually broad. Inflorescences consisting of fascicled,
commonly 1-flowered, axillary racemes. Flowers small to medium-sized. Sepals
all connate at the base and apex forming two lateral openings or "windows."
Petals much smaller. Lip equally large or larger than the petals, unguiculate,
attached to the column-foot, more or less 3-lobed. Column erect, clavate, wing-
less, produced into a rather long foot.
Al. Cauline sheaths very loose; leaves broadly elliptic to suborbicular-o val ;
flowers relatively large, sepals commonly 3-4 cm. long, oblong-elliptic;
claw of the lip with a toothed keel C. Day anus
A2. Cauline sheaths rather close; leaves oblong-elliptic (rarely elliptic); flowers
relatively small, sepals about 2.5 cm. or less long, oblong-lanceolate; claw
of the lip with a simple tubercle C. oblongifolius
Cryptophoranthus Dayanus (Reichb. f.) Rolfe, Gard. Chron.
ser. 3, 2: 692, fig. 134. 1887; Bot. Mag. 143, t. 8740. 1917. Mas-
devallia Dayana Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. new ser. 14: 295. 1880.
224 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plant medium-sized to large for the genus, up to 25 cm. high. Rhizome
abbreviated. Stems caespitose, several-jointed, up to 11 cm. high, 1-leaved at
the apex, entirely or mostly concealed by several loose, tubular, scarious, eva-
nescent sheaths. Leaf erect, shortly but distinctly petioled; lamina elliptic to
oval, subobtuse, apiculate, up to 10 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences
short, axillary, fascicled, 1-flowered. Ovary with 6 crisped wings. Flowers
nodding, the largest of the genus, honey-colored to yellow, marked with dark
purple. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, concave, up to 3 or 4 cm. long, connate with
the lateral sepals at the tip. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-oblong, connate at
the base and at the abruptly apiculate apex, individually much smaller than the
dorsal sepal. Petals minute, obliquely subquadrate-ovate, abruptly acute, about
4 mm. long. Lip gently arcuate in natural position with the sides of the middle
and apical portions incurved, about 6 mm. long when expanded, with a distinct
oblong claw bearing an upright toothed keel; lamina triangular-hastate with
small angulate lateral lobes tapering to a denticulate acute apex and with an
intramarginal keel on each side. Column short, arcuate, about equaling the
petals.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Amaibamba, 1800 meters, epiphyte
in forest at Santa Barbara, Vargas 7548. Also Colombia (type).
Cryptophoranthus oblongifolius Rolfe, Kew Bull. 1895. 5.
Plant medium-sized, up to 20 cm. high. Stems caespitose, several- jointed,
up to 12.5 cm. high, 1-leaved at the apex, entirely concealed by rather close,
tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, shortly petioled; lamina elliptic to
oblong-elliptic, acute, apiculate, up to 8.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Inflo-
rescences short, axillary, 1-flowered. Ovary with 9 lightly winged angles. Flowers
nodding, dull yellow veined with maroon-purple. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, about 2.5 cm. long, lightly carinate, concave. Lateral sepals
similar but slightly longer, prominently wing-carinate. Petals minute, obliquely
quadrate or quadrate-oblong, very abruptly acute to retuse-apiculate or tri-
dentate. Lip rather longer than the petals, about 5 mm. long, prominently
clawed; claw quadrate-oblong, provided with a fleshy tubercle; lamina hastate,
acute or acuminate, cordate at the base with retrorse thickened auricles.
Andes: Habitat and collector not recorded (type). — Ayacucho:
Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 meters, in open
woods, "perianth brownish (wilted)/' Killip & Smith 22590. This
collection differs from the type in having stems usually much
longer and leaves often somewhat broader.
MASDEVALLIA Ruiz et Pav.
Small, medium-sized or large American epiphytic herbs, either caespitose or
more rarely with a creeping rhizome. Stem rather short or very short, not pseudo-
bulbose, 1-leaved above, concealed by 1 or several scarious, imbricating sheaths.
Leaf commonly coriaceous, generally long-narrowed toward the base. Inflo-
rescence terminal, either 1- to 3-flowered near the apex or loosely several-flowered
and racemose, with the peduncle terete or angled and commonly bearing 1 to 3
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 225
sheaths. Sepals generally more or less connate at the base into a cup or tube,
usually terminating in a more or less elongate tail or cauda. Petals much smaller,
usually narrow. Lip very small, in size similar to the petals, polymorphic, articu-
lated to the column-foot, recurved or arcuate-spreading. Column about as long
as the lip, winged or margined above, commonly with a short foot.
Al. Inflorescence (including the peduncle) abbreviated, hardly 1 cm. long,
densely few-flowered M. perpusilla
A2. Inflorescence (including the peduncle) more or less elongate, 2.5 cm. or
more long I
la. Flowers loosely racemose, several to numerous 1
Ib. Flowers solitary, or several and subfasciculate 5
la. Sepals gradually long-tapering to caudate tips; petals oblong-ligulate, not
broadened above M. cinnamomea
Ib. Sepals with abrupt tails; petals oblong-spatulate or cuneate-spatulate,
broadened above 2
2a. Inner surface of the wide sepaline cup closely white-pilose; lateral sepals
much narrower than the dorsal sepal M. polysticta
2b. Inner surface of the narrow sepaline cup glabrous or nearly so; lateral
sepals commonly little narrower than the dorsal sepal 3
3a. Margin of the sepals smooth; flowers secund; basal part of the lip white
edged with crimson M. melanopus
3b. Margin of the dorsal sepal (and often of the lateral sepals) denticulate or
serrate; flowers not secund; lip yellow with or without crimson lines. . . .4
4a. Dorsal sepal ovate-triangular; lateral sepals ovate-oblong; lip with longi-
tudinal crimson lines and spots on the basal half M. caloptera
4b. All the sepals ovate-triangular; lip yellow throughout M. abbreviate/,
5a. Sepaline cup lacking, dorsal sepal free M. longiflora
5b. Sepaline cup present (even if short), all the sepals more or less deeply
connate 6
6a. Sepals acute or short-acuminate, without tails or distinctly narrowed ter-
minations M. plantaginea
6b. Sepals long-acuminate or with more or less abrupt tails 7
7a. Free part of the sepals short, up to about 8 mm. long; plant very small,
10 cm. or less tall M. minuta
7b. Free part of the sepals more or less elongate, that of the dorsal sepal 11 mm.
or more long; plants commonly medium-sized to large 8
8a. Sepaline tube cylindric-campanulate, relatively narrow; flowers large and
showy on peduncles usually much surpassing the leaves 9
8b. Sepaline tube short-campanulate and relatively broad or very shallow;
flowers commonly medium-sized to small; peduncles often shorter than
the leaves 15
9a. Tube formed by the sepals distinctly constricted above (beneath the free
parts) M. constricta
9b. Tube formed by the sepals not constricted above 10
lOa. Tails of the lateral sepals abbreviated with the sepals often merely caudate-
acuminate, terminations about 7 mm. or less long 11
lOb. Tails of the lateral sepals relatively elongate and distinct, about 8 mm. or
more long 12
226 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
lla. Flower bright yellow; petals 3-dentate at the apex M. Davisii
lib. Flower scarlet to purple (rarely bluish or parti-colored); petals bilobulate
or retuse at the apex M. coccinea
12a. Lip gradually narrowed toward the base; lamina ecarinate . .M. purpurina1
12b. Lip not perceptibly narrowed below; lamina bicarinate 13
13a. Free part of the dorsal sepal (without the tail) about 2.5 cm. or more long;
lateral sepals 5-nerved M. Veitchiana
13b. Free part of the dorsal sepal (without the tail) about 1.1 cm. or less long;
lateral sepals 3-nerved 14
14a. Lateral sepals triangular-ovate, separated by a relatively long, narrow or
angular sinus; lip pandurate, acute or apiculate M. amabilis
14b. Lateral sepals round-triangular, separated by a broad, shallow sinus; lip
oblong, more or less obtuse M. Barlaeana
15a. Peduncle longer than the leaf, usually much so 16
15b. Peduncle subequal to the leaf or much shorter, rarely slightly longer. . .26
16a. Inflorescence 2- or 3-flowered at the apex, sometimes only a single flower
remaining 17
16b. Inflorescence 1-flowered 21
17a. Peduncle much exceeding the leaf (almost twice as long) 18
17b. Peduncle subequaling or somewhat exceeding the leaf; petals obliquely
obtuse to acute 19
18a. Tails of the lateral sepals short, about 4 mm. long; lip broadest near the
base and tapering above M. Weberbaueri
18b. Tails of the lateral sepals elongate, over 19 mm. long; lip broadest above
the middle M. infracta
19a. Plant large, leaf usually 13 cm. or more long; flower large, dorsal sepal
6.5-8 cm. long M. maculata
19b. Plant medium-sized to small, leaf 12.7 cm. or less long; dorsal sepal 4 cm.
or less long 20
20a. Connate portion of the lateral sepals short, about 1.3 cm. or less long; tails
of the lateral sepals slender, rather abrupt; lip small, about 8 mm. or
less long M . auropurpurea
20b. Connate portion of the lateral sepals long, about 2.2 cm. long; tails of the
lateral sepals stout, gradually continued from the lower part; lip relatively
large, about 19 mm. long M. Vargasii
21a. Tail of the dorsal sepal (when present) relatively short, about 1.5 cm. or
less long 22
21b. Tail of the dorsal sepal elongate, 3 cm. or more long 23
22a. Petals acute, without a decurved auricle at the base; lip with numerous
papillae near the apex M. Bonplandii
1 This species has been referred to M. amabilis Reichb. f. by Kranzlin in his
monograph of Masdevallia (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 23. 1925), but this reduc-
tion seems to me erroneous.
2 The peduncle in M. uniflora HBK. (which is often regarded as a synonym of
M. Bonplandii Reichb. f.) is described in the text of the former concept (but not
shown in the accompanying figure) as about twice surpassing the leaves. However,
Kranzlin, in his treatment of Masdevallia Bonplandii (in Fedde Repert. Beih.
34: 167. 1925), describes the scape as about one third surpassing the leaves.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 227
22b. Petals broadly obtuse to 3-dentate at the apex, with a conspicuous de-
curved auricle at the base; lip without papillae toward the apex.
M. uniflora1
23a. Dorsal sepal gradually narrowed above into its tail 24
23b. Dorsal sepal with an abrupt tail 25
24a. Sepaline cup densely pilose within, white with yellow streaks; lip retuse
at the apex M. aspera2
24b. Sepaline cup glabrous within or nearly so, yellow or orange more or less
shaded with red-brown; lip rounded at the apex M. maculala
25a. Petals retuse and tridentate at the apex, with a prominent deflexed auricle
at the base in front; lip distinctly narrowed near the base and in the
middle M. pandurilabia
25b. Petals obtuse, without a prominent basal auricle; lip oblong, only slightly
narrowed in the middle M. Schroederiana3
26a. Petals distinctly broader above the middle than at the base 27
26b. Petals not noticeably broader above the middle, or if broader above the
middle angled below 29
27a. Lip 3-lobed above the middle; flower yellow and dark purple with orange
tails M. bicolor
27b. Lip simple; flower white or white marked with purple, sometimes with
yellowish tails 28
28a. Leaves spatulate; flowers waxy; sepaline tube nearly 2 cm. long.
M . burfordiensis*
28b. Leaves with lamina linear or elliptic-linear; flowers membranaceous; sepa-
line tube about 5-6.5 mm. long M. grandiflora
29a. Lip long-clawed, ovate-oblong, deeply cordate at the base; plant small.
M. pumila
29b. Lip indistinctly clawed, oblong-linear to pandurate-oblong or rhombic. .30
30a. Inflorescences about half as long as the leaves or less; leaves linear, very
thick and fleshy M. civilis
30b. Inflorescences little shorter than the leaves, subequaling them or slightly
surpassing them; leaves elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong to spatulate. . . .31
31a. Sepaline cup densely pilose or puberulent within 32
31b. Sepaline cup glabrous or nearly so; lip not retuse 33
32a. Leaves oblong, acute; dorsal sepal oblong, gradually contracted into the
tail; lip retuse M. aspera
32b. Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, commonly rounded above; dorsal sepal
suborbicular-ovate, abruptly contracted into the tail; lip obtuse to acute.
M. nidifica
1 The tail of the dorsal sepal of M. uniflora Rufz & Pav. was described by
Miss Woolward in her monograph of Masdevallia as about 1.3 cm. long and a speci-
men determined as belonging to this species has a tail about 1 cm. long.
2 The exact proportion of the cup was not described, so this organ was assumed
to be short-campanulate.
3 This species, of which no definite habitat is recorded, is here included in the
key only because it was once attributed to Peru with a question.
4 This species, of which we lack any record, has been reduced to M. angulata
Reichb. f. by Kranzlin in his monograph of Masdevallia (in Fedde Repert. Beih.
34: 58. 1925), but this treatment seems to me doubtful.
228 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
33a. Lip narrowly rhombic, cartilaginous-thickened at the apex; leaves spatu-
late, rounded at the apex M. hymenantha
33b. Lip linear-oblong to pandurate-oblong; leaves oblanceolate or elliptic-
oblanceolate, subacute to obtuse 34
34a. Peduncle terete, 1-flowered; flowers white blotched with purple.
M. ionocharis
34b. Peduncle angulate, ancipitous or narrowly winged, 1- to 3-flowered; flowers
yellow and brown or purple and brown 35
35a. Tails of the lateral sepals 13-28 mm. long; petals acute or apiculate; sepals
yellow tinged with brown M. auropurpurea
35b. Tails of the lateral sepals about 7-11 mm. long; petals bilobulate to biden-
tate; sepals light brown and purple and whitish near the base . M. peruviana1
Masdevallia abbreviata Reichb. f. Card. Chron. n.s. 10: 106.
1878; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 4 (1893) t.; Kranzl.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 38. 1925.
Plant medium-sized, densely caespitose. Stem abbreviated. Leaf spatulate
to oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse at the tridenticulate apex, narrowed into a long
petiole, up to about 15 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Peduncle including the raceme
up to about 18 cm. long, slender, terete, loosely racemose, several- (up to about
7-) flowered, with the rachis short, up to about 7 cm. long. Flower small for the
genus. Sepals white, more or less spotted with crimson, connate below into
a rounded urceolate tube about 6 mm. long. Dorsal sepal suborbicular-ovate or
ovate-triangular with denticulate margins, terminating in an abrupt narrow,
yellow tail about 11-16 mm. long. Lateral sepals narrower, obliquely ovate,
with subequal tails. Petals much smaller, spatulate-cuneate with the upper
margins denticulate, retuse-apiculate at the truncate apex (thus appearing
tridentate), with an angled keel on the lower part of the anterior margin. Lip
a little larger than the petals, oblong-pandurate, pale yellow, about 4.8 mm. long;
basal portion ovate with narrowed base; apical part smaller, suborbicular, some-
times 3-lobulate in front; lamina grooved at the base, 2-keeled above.
Peru (eastern) : Habitat not recorded, Bruchmuller or Roezl s.n.
(type). — Cajamarca: Prov. of Gualgayoc (Hualgayoc), in Taolis
Valley, 2800 meters, in evergreen woods rich in xerophitic forms,
Weberbauer 4823. Also Ecuador.
Masdevallia amabilis Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 116. 1854;
Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 1 (1890) t.; Kranzl. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 34: 23. 1925.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized but with a large showy flower. Stem very
short. Leaf oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, with a tridenticulate
apex, narrowed to a more or less elongate grooved petiole, about 8-18 cm. long,
up to 2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle elongate, 1-flowered, up to about 30 cm. long, terete,
slender. Sepals connate at the base into a narrow cylindric-campanulate tube
1 This concept may prove to be a form of M. auropurpurea, which appears to
be very variable in the length of the sepaline tails.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 229
about 1.5-2.3 cm. long. Dorsal sepal ovate, orange shaded with crimson, tapering
into a slender tail up to nearly 4 cm. long. Lateral sepals triangular-ovate,
cohering for about 2-4 cm. and forming an angular sinus between them, red
shaded with crimson, with the tails about one half as long as those of the dorsal
sepal. Petals very small, narrowly oblong, apiculate at the broad oblique apex,
with a prominent longitudinal keel near the anterior margin terminating below
in a curved point. Lip about as long as the petals, about 6 mm. long, oblong-
pandurate with a recurved, rounded, apiculate apex, longitudinally bicarinate.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type). — Amazonas:
Near the Inca stronghold Malca, near Cuclap, south of Chacha-
poyas, 2600-2800 meters, in evergreen thickets, Weberbauer Jf317.
— Cajamarca: Hacienda la Tahoma, near Hualgayoc, on cliffs,
3100 meters, Weberbauer 4016. — Piura: Near Huancabamba, Roezl
s.n.
Masdevallia aspera Reichb. f. ex Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih.
34: 82. 1925.
Plant caespitose. Stems abbreviated, about 1 cm. high. Leaf oblong, acute,
coriaceous, up to 5.5 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Scape equaling or slightly
surpassing the leaves. Sepals connate into an urceolate cup about 1 cm. long,
densely pilose within, white with longitudinal yellow lines and yellow tails.
Dorsal sepal oblong, about 1.5 cm. long, gradually narrowed into a tail about
3.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals a little larger, with tails about 3 cm. long. Petals
oblong, slightly falcate, acute, carinate, with a short obtuse tooth at the base.
Lip broadly linear or ligulate, retuse at the reflexed apex, subcrenulate on the
margin.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Roezl s.n. Also Bolivia.
Masdevallia atropurpurea Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 1216
(index), sphalm. = M. auropurpurea Reichb. f. & Warsc.
Masdevallia aureo-rosea Weberb. in Pflanzw. Peru. And. 288.
1911. = M. auropurpurea Reichb. f. & Warsc., fide Schltr.
Masdevallia auropurpurea Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 115.
1854; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 8 (1896) t.; Kranzl.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 120. 1925. Masdevallia Herzogii Schltr.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 10: 42. 1922; Mansf. Fedde Repert, Beih. 57:
t. 137, nr. 536. 1929. Masdevallia xanthura Schltr. Fedde Repert.
27:39. 1929.
Plant densely caespitose, up to about 15 cm. tall. Stems abbreviated. Leaf
oblong-oblanceolate (more rarely spatulate or elliptic), gradually narrowed to
a more or less elongate, sulcate petiole, obtuse or subacute with a tridenticulate
tip, up to 12.7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle subequaling the leaves
230 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
(a little shorter or longer), crowned with 1 to 3 flowers, bialate or triquetrous.
Flower medium-sized for the genus. Sepals connate at the base into an urceolate
cup about 1.3 cm. long, yellow washed with brown (rarely lilac). Dorsal sepal
triangular, tapering into a slender tail 2.5 to almost 4 cm. long, below connate
with the lateral sepals for about 8 mm. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-ovate,
with rather abrupt tails about half as long as that of the dorsal sepal or more,
more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal sepal. Petals linear-
oblong, acute or apiculate at the oblique apex, with a longitudinal keel near the
anterior margin. Lip similar to the petals in size, lanceolate-oblong, cordate
at the base, short-acuminate, papillose and reflexed at the apex, 5-8 mm. long;
lamina with a pair of converging keels (sometimes angulate) near the middle.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1200 and 1600 meters, Schunke
1231, 1308, 1690. Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1900 meters, on tree
in low highland forest, Woytkowski 35436. — Loreto, fide Schlechter,
Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 133. 1921. Also Colombia (type), Ecuador
and Bolivia (types of M. Herzogii and M. xanthura).
Masdevallia Barlaeana Reichb. f. Card. Chron. n.s. 5: 170.
1876; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 8 (1896) t.; Kranzl.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 24. 1925.
Stem very short. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, obtuse
or acute with a tridenticulate apex, gradually narrowed below into a grooved
petiole, up to about 12.7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle about twice sur-
passing the leaves, 1-flowered. Flowers showy. Sepals connate below into
a narrow, campanulate-cylindric, curved tube which is about 1.6 cm. or more long,
rose-magenta shaded with scarlet or crimson. Dorsal sepal ovate-triangular,
with a slender tail about 2.5-3.8 cm. long. Lateral sepals round-triangular, with
an abrupt tail about 1.4 cm. long, more deeply connate with each other than
with the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, linear-oblong, more or less tridentate at the
truncate apex, with a longitudinal keel close to the forward margin and projecting
into a tooth. Lip about equaling the petals, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong,
subcordate at the base, longitudinally bicarinate in the middle, with a subacute
recurved apex, about 6 mm. long.
Cuzco: In the Andes, habitat not recorded, Davis s.n. (type).
Prov. of Urubamba, Salapunco, 2400 meters, Km. 84, F. C., C.S.A.,
on rocks, humus and mosses, Vargas 5988.
Masdevallia bicolor Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 6,
t. 108 B. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 332. 1896; Kranzl.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 119. 1925. Masdevallia biflora E. Morr.
Fl. Serres ser. 2, 9: 128. 1873.
Plant small, up to about 10 cm. high. Stems very short. Leaf oblong-
spatulate, tridenticulate at the rounded apex, gradually narrowed below to
a short channelled petiole, 5-8 cm. long, 1.4-2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle equaling
or slightly shorter than the leaves, ancipitous or trigonous, 1-flowered. Flower
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 231
medium-sized but large for the plant. Sepals connate below into a short urceolate
cup 6-10 mm. long, tapering into slender tails. Dorsal sepal triangular-oblong,
yellow, with filiform tail up to about 3 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique,
dark purple, with similar decurved tails. Petals very small, falcately oblong-
cuneate, very obliquely emarginate or bilobulate at the dilated apex. Lip similar
to the petals in size, cuneate-obovate, obtusely 3-lobed above with the mid-lobe
obtusely triangular, 5-6 mm. long.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on old trees in mountain
woods, Poeppig 1662 (type). Also Venezuela, fide Kranzl.
Masdevallia Bonplandii Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 69. 1855; Kranzl.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 167. 1925. Masdevallia uniflora HBK.
Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 361, t. 89. 1816, non Ruiz & Pav.
Plant caespitose, medium-sized. Stems rather short, up to about 5 cm. tall.
Leaf oblong-spatulate, tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, up to about 8 cm. long
and 2 cm. wide, gradually attenuate below into a petiole up to 10 cm. long (ac-
cording to Kranzlin). Peduncle distinctly exceeding the leaves, up to about
20 cm. long, 1-flowered. Sepals connate into an urceolate cup which is about
1.5 cm. long or about 4 cm. long from the ovary to the tip of a sepal, yellowish
spotted with brownish-purple. Dorsal sepal triangular, shortly acuminate with
a distinctly narrowed, subcaudate tip. Lateral sepals similar, with shorter tips.
Petals1 about three times shorter than the sepals, oblong, acute, carinate, more or
less dilated near the middle. Lip a little longer than the petals, with a short,
linear claw; lamina oblong, slightly broader near the middle (and thus obscurely
3-lobed), broadly rounded at the apex, shortly bicarinate in the middle, with the
reflexed apical part densely papillose.
"Peru," fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 133. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
Masdevallia burfordiensis2 O'Brien, Card. Chron. ser. 3,
33:99. 1903.
Stems short. Leaves spatulate, coriaceous. Peduncle about 5 cm. long,
purple-spotted, 1-flowered. Flowers large, waxy. Sepals connate below into
a cup or tube about 1.9 cm. long and broad; free portions triangular, gradually
diminishing into slender yellowish tails, the whole about 5 cm. long, claret-
purple within, whitish without. Petals very small, spatulate. Lip ligulate,
channelled in the middle, densely spotted with rose-purple.
"Peru?," fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 133. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
1 The exact description of the petals, as indeed of the whole plant, is rendered
difficult by the absence of authentic specimens of M. Bonplandii in the Ames her-
barium and by the somewhat contradictory drawings of M . Bonplandii and of M.
uniflora HBK. in Reichenbach's Herbarium.
2 Kranzlin (Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 58. 1925) has referred this concept to
Masdevallia angulata Reichb. f., but the identity seems to me questionable, as it
did to F. C. Lehmann, who collected both species.
232 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Masdevallia caloptera Reichb. f. Card. Chron. n.s. 1: 338.
1874 (nomen tantum); n.s. 2: 322. 1874; Woolward, The Genus
Masdevallia pt. 7 (1895) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 39.
1925. Masdevallia biflora Regel, Gartenfl. 40: 90, 1. 1341, fig. 2. 1891.
Plant densely caespitose. Stems very short. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate
to narrowly spatulate, up to about 8.5 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide, tridenticulate
at the rounded apex, narrowed into a short, grooved petiole. Peduncle up to
about 15 cm. long, slender, terete, loosely 2- to 6-flowered. Sepals connate
below into a small cup which is white with crimson streaks and about 4-6 mm.
long. Dorsal sepal round-triangular, minutely denticulate, with an abrupt
yellow tail about 1 cm. long. Lateral sepals ovate-oblong with tails similar to
that of the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, oblong-spatulate, retuse and strongly
mucronate at the dilated apex, denticulate above with a prominent longitudinal
keel close to the anterior margin. Lip a little larger than the petals, pandurate-
oblong, more or less trilobulate at the apex, about 4.2 mm. long, with a pair of
erect lateral lobes (longitudinal keels) terminating within the disc and continued
by longitudinal fleshy lines.
Peru: Northern Andes, Roezl s.n. (type). — Cajamarca, fide
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 134. 1921. Also Colombia (type).
Masdevallia cinnamomea Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 225. 1855;
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 109. 1925.
Plant up to about 20 cm. tall (without the uppermost flower). Stem short,
clothed with loose sheaths. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate
at the obtuse apex, gradually narrowed to a short or rather long petiole; lamina
up to about 10 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, coriaceous with revolute margins.
Peduncle including the rachis up to about 18 cm. long, ancipitous, loosely 2- to
3-flowered above. Flowers large. Sepals connate below into a short cup about
6.5 mm. long. Dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, gradually narrowed into a
slender tail, about 4-5 cm. long altogether. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely
narrow-triangular, gradually caudate-attenuate above, nearly as long as the
dorsal sepal. Petals very small, oblong, sharply acute or apiculate, with a longi-
tudinal keel near the anterior margin. Lip the same size as the petals, about 4-5
mm. long, oblong-oblanceolate, lightly pandurate, with 2 short, slightly con-
verging keels in the middle; the anterior part ovate or rhombic, acute or acuminate,
serrulate, with a fleshy horseshoe-shaped swelling near the front, recurved at
the apex.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n.
Masdevallia civilis Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 115. 1854;
Hook. Bot. Mag. 90: t. 5476. 1864; Woolward, The Genus Mas-
devallia pt. 2 (1891) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 68. 1925.
Masdevallia aequiloba Regel, Gartenfl. 9: 82, t. 285. 1860. Mas-
devallia rufolutea Lindl. Gard. Chron. (1853) 292, 328 (nomen
nudum).
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 233
Plant densely caespitose, medium-sized. Stems rather short, rarely up to
7.5 cm. high, clothed with sheaths below. Leaf linear or oblong-linear, minutely
tridenticulate at the subacute apex, recurved, slightly narrowed below to a short,
indistinct grooved petiole, longitudinally grooved, up to about 23 cm. long and
1.25 cm. wide, very fleshy. Peduncle 1-flowered, much shorter than the leaves,
up to about 7.6 cm. long including the pedicel, pink below, green and maculate
above. Sepals connate below into a broad urceolate cup which is about 2-2.5 cm.
high, greenish yellow spotted with dark reddish brown, minutely white-hairy
within. Sepals similar, ovate-triangular, terminating in flattened yellow tails
about 1.5 cm. long, the lateral sepals a little shorter. Petals small, rhombic-
lanceolate, sharply acute, with unequal angled sides. Lip a little longer than the
petals, about 1.5 cm. long, oblong, cordate at the base, with 2 indistinct keels
throughout, obtuse, papillose and recurved at the apex.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 134. 1921.
— Piura: Near Huancabamba, Warscewicz s.n. (type), Roezl s.n.
Same locality, 2100-2500 meters, among grasses and small shrubs
in loamy soil and on soil-covered rocks, Lehmann s.n.
Masdevallia coccinea Linden, ex Lindl. Orch. Linden. 5, no.
26. 1846; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 3 (1892) t.; Kranzl.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 27. 1925. Masdevallia Lindenii Andre",
Illustr. Hort. 17: 226, t. 42. 1870; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 98: t. 5990.
1872. Masdevallia Harryana Reichb. f. Card. Chron. (1871) 1421.
Masdevallia venusta Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 62. 1921; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 109, nr. 426. 1929.
Plant forming large tufts. Stems short, rarely up to 6 cm. long, concealed
by sheaths. Leaf spatulate to oblong-oblanceolate, minutely 3-denticulate at
the subacute to rounded apex, more or less gradually narrowed below to a slender,
grooved petiole, up to about 23 cm. long and 3.4 cm. wide. Peduncle much
surpassing the leaf, up to about 40 cm. high, slender, terete, 1-flowered. Flower
large and showy, very variable in size and color, scarlet to magenta. Sepals
connate below into a cylindric-campanulate curved tube about 10-18 mm. long.
Dorsal sepal narrowly triangular-lanceolate, gradually produced into a slender
recurved tail about 3 cm. or more long, altogether up to 5 cm. long. Lateral
sepals much larger and more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal
sepal, obliquely oblong-ovate, terminating in short blunt tails. Petals very
small, narrowly oblong, retuse or bilobulate at the apex, with a longitudinal keel
close to the anterior margin and a minute angle near the base. Lip similar to the
petals in size, oblong, more or less distinctly pandurate above the middle, rounded
at the apex, bicarinate, about 1 cm. long.
Apurimac: Prov. of Andahuaylas, Quebrada, north of Chin-
cheros, 2800 meters, sides of rocky cliffs, Stork & Horton 10767.
—Cajamarca: East of Huancabamba, 2400-2500 meters, on the
eastern side of the Cordillera, Weberbauer 6111 (type of Masdevallia
venusta Schltr.). Also Colombia (type of M. coccinea, M. Lindenii
and M. Harryana).
234 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Masdevallia constricta Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2:
6, t. 108 A. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 330. 1896;
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 20. 1925.
Plant small, caespitose, about 13 cm. or less high. Stems very short and
slender, concealed by a rather large sheath. Leaf gradually narrowed below
into a long grooved petiole; lamina narrowly elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate,
minutely tridenticulate at the subacute apex, up to 10 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide.
Peduncle much shorter than the leaf, slender, 1-flowered, up to 7 cm. long. Flower
large for the plant, white with purple streaks. Sepals connate below into an
obovoid cup which is ventricose in front, constricted at the apex and about 1.6
cm. long. Dorsal sepal triangular or deltoid, contracted into an elongate, slender
tail which is 2.5-3 cm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat shorter, with similar but
shorter tails. Petals very small, narrowly and obliquely oblong-lanceolate,
acute or obtuse, with a basal upcurved auricle or horn in front. Lip cuneate-
spatulate, acute, equally long with the petals, about 7 mm. long.
Huanuco: Cuchero (Cochero), on old trees in mountain woods,
Poeppig s.n.
Masdevallia Davisii Reichb. f. Card. Chron. n.s. 2: 710. 1874;
Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 101: t. 6190. 1875; Woolward, The Genus
Masdevallia pt. 3 (1892) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 29. 1925.
Plant densely caespitose, rather large. Stems abbreviated, clothed with
evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the
acute apex, gradually narrowed below into an indistinct petiole, up to 20 cm.
long and 2 cm. wide. Peduncle much surpassing the leaves, up to about 25 cm.
high, 1-flowered, slender, terete. Flower large and showy, bright yellow. Sepals
connate below into a narrow cylindric-campanulate tube which is about 1.3-1.7
cm. long. Dorsal sepal ovate-triangular, terminating in a slender tail which
is about 2.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals more deeply connate with each other than
with the dorsal sepal, at least twice as large as the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblong-
ovate, with short tails up to about 7 mm. long. Petals very small, oblong, bilobed
and apiculate at the truncate apex, with a longitudinal keel near the anterior
margin ending in a decurved angle near the base. Lip a little smaller than the
petals, pandurate-oblong, 6-7 mm. long, obscurely bicarinate or tricarinate, with
a sub truncate, apiculate, thickened and reflexed apex.
Apurimac: Abancay, Quishuala, about 300 meters, Balls 6905. l
— Cuzco: Near the town of Cuzco, 3200 meters or more, in loam,
moss, or decaying vegetable matter in rock crevices, Davis s.n. (type) .
Masdevallia grandiflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 26, t. 14. 1951. Figure 38.
Plant small, caespitose, epiphytic, up to 10 cm. high. Stems approximate,
short, about 1.8 cm. or less long, entirely or mostly concealed by 2 tubular, im-
1 This collection, which is without color notes and is somewhat fragmentary, is
open to some question.
MASDEVALLIA
arandiflora
C Schweinf,
FIG. 38. Masdevallia grandiflora C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1^. 2, flower,
partially expanded; X IK- 3, petal; X 6. 4, lip; X 6.
235
236 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
bricating sheaths. Leaf petioled, about 6.9 cm. or less long; lamina linear or
elliptic-linear, subacute and minutely tridenticulate at the apex, very gradually
narrowed below, about 5.5 cm. long, up to 5.5 mm. wide; petiole slender, sulcate.
Inflorescences solitary, 1-flowered, distinctly shorter than the leaf; peduncle
filiform, up to 5 cm. long. Flower nodding, white, large for the plant. Sepals
membranaceous, connate below into a campanulate tube 5-6.5 mm. long, long-
caudate above. Dorsal sepal about 3.5 cm. or less long; basal portion concave,
ovate, about 3 mm. long; tail or cauda filiform, elongate. Lateral sepals similar
but a little longer; basal portion triangular-lanceolate, long-acuminate, gradually
passing into the tail, almost 9 mm. long. Petals very small, very obliquely
oblong-oblanceolate in outline, obliquely bilobulate at the abruptly truncate
apex, the subquadrate upper portion with a short but prominent decurved tooth
at its base on the anterior margin. Lip simple, oblong to oblanceolate-oblong,
broadly obtuse, cordate at the base, about 3.8 mm. long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, San Pedro to Santa Isabel, 1350
meters, on old tree trunk, Vargas 006778.
Masdevallia hymenantha1 Reichb. f. Bonpl. 3: 225. 1855;
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 171. 1925.
Plant medium-sized, densely caespitose. Stems short, densely clothed with
sheaths. Leaf spatulate, petioled, about 10 cm. long; lamina minutely tridenticu-
late at the rounded apex, gradually narrowed below into a long slender petiole,
up to 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Peduncle about as long as the leaf, 1-flowered,
slender. Flower medium-sized, membranaceous. Sepals connate below into
a campanulate cup about 1 cm. or more long. Dorsal sepal ovate- triangular,
gradually contracted into a tail about three times longer or 2.5 cm. long. Lateral
sepals more deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal sepal, oblong-
ovate, much longer than the dorsal sepal but with shorter tails. Petals small,
oblong or ligulate, bidentate or tridentate at the truncate apex, with a deflexed
tooth at the base. Lip about as long as the petals, narrowly rhombic, cartilaginous-
thickened at the acuminate apex, about 8 mm. long.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n.
Masdevallia infracta Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 193. 1833;
Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 2 (1891) t.; Cogn. Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 327. 1896; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 111.
1925. Masdevallia Forgetiana Kranzl. Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 18:
484. 1895.
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, caespitose, about 21 cm. high or less. Stems
approximate, abbreviated, concealed by 1 or 2 evanescent, scarious sheaths.
Leaf erect, gradually narrowed into a more or less distinct sulcate petiole, oblanceo-
late-oblong or obovate-oblong, subobtuse with a minutely tridenticulate apex,
commonly 8-12.7 cm. long, up to 2 cm. wide. Inflorescence nearly twice as long
1 This description is largely drawn from Kranzlin's diagnosis (I.e.), as Reichen-
bach's description appears to be erroneous in view of a photograph of an isotype,
and the series of floral analyses from his herbarium are contradictory.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 237
as the leaf, rigidly erect, commonly narrowly bialate to triquetrous, 1- to 5-
flowered at the apex, with flowers approximate in an abbreviated raceme (one
flower opening at a time), originating much below the apex of the stem, up to
20.3 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, nodding, dull reddish with a yellow flush
outside, wine-red inside. Sepals connate into a broadly campanulate cup about
1.3 cm. long. Dorsal sepal (free part) about 5 cm. long; basal portion ovate-
triangular, abbreviated; tail or cauda filiform, yellow, about 3-4 cm. long. Lateral
sepals connate for about 1.9 cm., abruptly gibbous with a re-entrant angle below;
free part 4-5 cm. long with the basal portion very obliquely ovate-triangular and
terminating in an abrupt filiform tail about 2-3.7 cm. long. Petals very small,
linear, oblique at the apex, apiculate. Lip arcuate-decurved in natural position,
linear-oblanceolate and slightly pandurate when expanded, about 6-8.5 mm.
long, with the lateral margins above the middle inserted on the lamina and termi-
nating as an abruptly truncate keel, and the anterior portion ovate and apiculate.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2000 meters, on small tree
on mountain slope covered by grass-steppe, Woytkowski 37010.
Also Brazil (type).
Masdevallia ionocharis Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 4: 388.
1875; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 4 (1893) t.; Kranzl.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 162. 1925.
Plant small, densely caespitose. Stems short, clothed with close sheaths.
Leaf petioled, up to about 13 cm. long including the petiole; lamina narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the acute apex, up to 1.3 cm. wide,
gradually narrowed to a slender grooved petiole. Peduncle slightly shorter than
the leaves, up to about 10 cm. high, 1-flowered, terete, slender. Flower medium-
sized. Sepals connate below into a broadly campanulate cup about 1.3 cm. long,
greenish white blotched with rose-purple; free portions triangular-ovate, abruptly
terminating in slender tails about 1.5-1.9 cm. long. Petals very small, obliquely
triangular-oblong, obliquely acute or apiculate, with a longitudinal keel near the
anterior margin extending into a deflexed angle near the base. Lip slightly larger
than the petals, about 8-10 mm. long, oblong-pandurate, subcordate at the base,
mucronate at the rounded, reflexed apex; lamina with 2 longitudinal keels.
Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, Sandia, in Andes at 2700-3000 meters,
Davis s.n.
Masdevallia longiflora1 Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 383.
1906; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 177. 1925. Barbosella longi-
flora Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 143. 1921.
Plant medium-sized. Rhizome obliquely creeping. Stems very short. Leaf
oblanceolate-linear ("linear-lanceolate"), triapiculate at the acute apex, gradually
narrowed below into an indistinct broad petiole, up to 14 cm. long and 8 mm.
wide, rather fleshy. Peduncle much surpassing the leaves, up to 20 cm. high,
1 This concept, which we have not seen, is probably referable to the genus
Pleurothallis in the alliance of P. monstrabilis Ames.
238 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
1-flowered. Flower large, without a definite sepaline cup. Dorsal sepal free to
the base, linear, very acuminate, 5-5.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, connate
up to the middle, then attenuate into narrowly linear tails. Petals less than half
as long as the sepals, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, produced into a filiform
tail, with denticulate margins. Lip very small, about one seventh as long as the
petals, oblong, retuse, 3 mm. long, with a thick keel in the middle on each side
near the margin.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, mountains west of Huambos, 3100-
3200 meters, in sclerophyllous woods with scattering shrubs, Weber-
bauer 4174-
Masdevallia maculata Kl. & Karst. Otto & Dietr. Allg.
Gartenzeit. 15: 330. 1847; Fl. des Serres 21: 11, t. 2150. 1875;
Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 2 (1891) t.; Kranzl. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 34: 118. 1925.
Plant caespitose, rather large. Stems very short, clothed with loose sheaths.
Leaf oblanceolate to narrowly spatulate, minutely tridenticulate at the acute or
subacute apex, gradually narrowed below into a grooved petiole, up to 18 cm.
long and 2.9 cm. wide, coriaceous. Peduncle commonly exceeding the leaves,
up to about 25 cm. high, sharply 2- to 4-angled, at the summit producing several
flowers one at a time. Flower large and showy with spreading segments, yellow
shaded and spotted with red. Sepals connate below into a short urceolate cup
which is up to 1.6 cm. long. Dorsal sepal about 6.5-8 cm. long, from a short
triangular or ovate-triangular base gradually narrowed into a slender orange tail.
Lateral sepals about as long, much more deeply connate with each other, forming
a broadly ovate or oblong-ovate lamina which is bidentate above with the free
portion narrowed into a pair of slender approximate tails which are somewhat
shorter than that of the dorsal sepal. Petals very small, linear-oblong, oblique
and apiculate at the apex, with a longitudinal keel near the anterior margin.
Lip subequaling or slightly larger than the petals, up to 9 mm. long, pandurate-
oblong, denticulate at the rounded, papillose apex.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1600-1800 meters, Schunke s.n.,
2040 (Herb. Field Mus. 571632, 622364). Also Venezuela (type)
and Colombia.
Masdevallia melanopus Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 1: 338.
1874 (nomen tantum); n.s. 2: 322. 1874; Woolward, The Genus
Masdevallia pt. 4 (1893) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 40. 1925.
Masdevallia xanthodactyla1 Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 8: 552. 1877.
Plant densely caespitose, rather small. Stems abbreviated, clothed with
one or more sheaths. Leaf oblong-spatulate, minutely tridenticulate at the
obtuse apex, gradually narrowed below into a short slender petiole, about 4-12.5
1 In his monograph of Masdevallia (Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 41. 1925), Kranzlin
refers this concept to M. melanopus Reichb. f., and, without seeing a record of its
type, I am inclined to accept his opinion.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 239
cm. long, up to 1.5 cm. wide. Peduncle much exceeding the leaves, loosely secund-
flowered, 3- to 8-flowered, up to 25 cm. high, slender, terete. Flowers small,
white with minute purple dots and dark purple stain at the base, and yellow
tails. Sepals connate below into an ovoid-campanulate cup which is gibbous
below and up to about 6 mm. long; free portions triangular, very short, abruptly
terminating in flattened tails about 1.3 cm. long. Petals very small, cuneate-
spatulate, retuse-apiculate at the broad apex, with the upper margins denticulate,
and with a longitudinal keel (angled at base) close to the anterior margin. Lip
about the same size as the petals, pandurate-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, with the
narrower anterior part bearing 2 longitudinal keels, rounded and more or less
apiculate at the apex.
Peru (north): Habitat not recorded, Roezl s.n. (type). — Piura:
Habitat not recorded, Lehmann 7012. Also Colombia and Ecuador.
Masdevallia minuta Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 396.
1843; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 333. 1896; Kranzl. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 34: 104. 1925.
Plant densely caespitose, very small for the genus, up to about 10 cm. high.
Stems minute, covered by a sheath. Leaf linear-oblanceolate or narrowly ob-
lanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the subacute or obtuse apex, gradually
narrowed to a scarcely petioled base, coriaceous, up to 6.5 cm. long and 5 mm.
wide. Peduncle generally much surpassing the leaves, up to about 11 cm. long
to the base of the ovary, 1-flowered, filiform, terete. Flower small, erect, greenish
white, greenish yellow or yellow, up to 1.5 cm. long. Sepals connate below into
a campanulate-cylindric tube which is up to 7 mm. long; free portion somewhat
longer than the tube, up to about 8 mm. long, short-triangular, more or less
abruptly contracted into short, stout, little-spreading tails. Petals very small,
oblong, elliptic-oblong or spatulate-oblong, abruptly acute or obliquely 2- to
3-dentate at the apex, with a small protuberant angle on the lower half of the
anterior margin. Lip as long as, or a little longer than, the petals, linear or
linear-oblong, obtuse, cordate at the base, about 3.5-4 mm. long, with a pair of
angled keels in the middle.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke s.n. East
of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1300 meters, epiphyte in
dense forest, Killip & Smith 23910, 23954- Rio Paucartambo
Valley near Perene Bridge, 700 meters, epiphyte in dense forest,
Killip & Smith 25320. San Ramon, 900-1300 meters, epiphyte in
dry woods, Killip & Smith 24760. — San Martin: Zepelacio, near
Moyobamba, about 1100 meters, epiphyte in mountain forest,
Klug 3616. Also Surinam (type) and British Guiana.
Masdevallia nidifica Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 1: 18. 1878;
Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 5 (1893) t.; Kranzl. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 34: 90. 1925. Masdevallia cyathogastra Schltr. Beih.
Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2: 383. 1918. Masdevallia tenuicauda
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 19: 15. 1923.
240 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plant dwarf, epiphytic, densely caespitose, up to about 7.5 cm. high. Stems
abbreviated, clothed with 1 or 2 sheaths. Leaf up to 5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide,
spatulate or oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate at the rounded to acute apex,
long-narrowed below into a very slender grooved petiole. Peduncle subequaling
the leaves or a little shorter, 1-flowered, filiform. Flower small, whitish, greenish
or yellowish with crimson spots and nerves and long crimson or yellowish tails,
rarely dark purple. Sepals connate below to form a very short inflated cup
about 5 mm. long which is puberulent within. Dorsal sepal very short, sub-
orbicular to ovate-triangular, concave, with an abrupt slender tail 1.5-4 cm. long.
Lateral sepals ovate, with a similar tail. Petals minute, linear-oblong to oblanceo-
late, acute, angled below in front, with a longitudinal keel near the anterior
margin. Lip slightly exceeding the petals, pandurate, cordate at the base, obtuse
to acute at the apex, with 3 longitudinal keels or lines, 3-4 mm. long.
Northern Peru?: Karsten? fide Kranzlin, Fedde Repert. Beih.
34: 91. 1925. Also Costa Rica (M. cyathogastra and M. tenuicauda),
Colombia and Ecuador (type of M. nidified).
Masdevallia pandurilabia C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 10: 113, t. 12. 1942. Figure 39.
Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 20 cm. high in the dried specimen.
Stems rather short, concealed by 3 loose sheaths. Leaf long-petioled; lamina
obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic, subacute to rounded above with a minutely
tridenticulate apex, more or less long-narrowed below, up to 7 cm. long and
2.3 cm. wide; petiole slender, gradually dilated upward, up to 5 cm. long. Peduncle
conspicuously surpassing the leaves, 1-flowered, slender, erect to arcuate or
flexuous, up to 19 cm. long. Flower rather small for the genus, yellowish brown
with a dark red lip. Sepals wide-spreading, with abrupt long tails, connate below
into a very shallow cup about 5.5 mm. high which is pubescent within. Dorsal
sepal suborbicular-ovate, abruptly contracted into a slender tail about 3.3 cm.
long. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely semiorbicular-ovate. Petals very small,
obliquely triangular-oblong, obliquely tridentate at the apex, produced at the
base in front into a prominent, triangular, decurved lobule. Lip nearly as long as
the petals, recurved, about 4 mm. long and ovate-pandurate when expanded, with
the basal part obovate-rhombic and the anterior part obovate-cuneate, truncate
and apiculate in front.
Huanuco: Panao, about 2770 meters, on shrubby slopes, Mac-
bride 3625.
Masdevallia perpusilla1 Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 179. 1905;
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 193. 1925.
Plant very small, about 3.5 cm. high, densely caespitose. Stems much
abbreviated. Leaf linear or oblanceolate-linear, gradually narrowed below,
up to nearly 3 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, minutely bilobed and apiculate at the
obtuse apex, thickly coriaceous. Peduncles very short, up to 8 mm. long, densely
few-flowered, hidden among the leaves. Flowers successive, very small, purplish-
1 This species seems to be closely allied to Masdevallia Simula Reichb. f.
MASDEVAULIA
FIG. 39. Masdevallia pandurilabia C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1. 2, flower
from above, expanded; X 2. 3, column with foot, from side; X 5. 4, petal; X 5.
5, lip from side; X 5. 6, lip from above, expanded; X 5.
241
242 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
brown. Dorsal sepal almost entirely free from the lateral sepals, about 3.5 mm.
long, cucullate, acuminate, with an inflexed apex. Lateral sepals shorter, obliquely
ovate, with a reflexed apex. Petals minute, obliquely rhombic, obtusely acute.
Lip about the same length as the petals, 1 mm. long, from a linear claw dilated
into a 5-angled lamina which is obtuse-angled in front and reflexed at the apex,
with a pair of retrorse, horn-like appendages at the back.
Cajamarca: Prov. of Chota, 3200 meters, on mountains west of
Huambos, in rough thickets mingled with small trees, Weberbauer
4180. — Junin: Prov. of Tarma, near La Merced, in the Chancha-
mayo Valley, 800-1000 meters, in open woods, Weberbauer 1015, or
1915, (type).
Masdevallia peruviana Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1906) 112.
Plant small, caespitose, up to about 12 cm. high. Stems abbreviated, con-
cealed by loose sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, up to 8 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the
subacute or rounded apex, narrowed below; petiole grooved, up to 4 cm. long.
Peduncle about as long as the leaf, subterete or rather complanate, 1- or 2-flowered
at the summit, erect. Flower rather large for the plant, brown and purple.
Sepals connate at the base into a short, broadly campanulate cup which is about
6-8 mm. long. Dorsal sepal small, triangular, narrowed into a slender tail up to
1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely and broadly ovate, connate for about
1 cm., terminating in abrupt tails about 1 cm. long. Petals very small, linear-
oblong, retuse to bilobed at the truncate apex, longitudinally carinate near the
anterior margin. Lip about the same size as the petals, 6 mm. long, pandurate-
oblong with the lower half lightly concave in natural position and bounded in
front by a pair of converging keels in the middle; anterior portion ovate, obtuse to
apiculate, papillose-thickened, with serrulate-crenate margins.
Peru: Habitat and collector unknown (type). Huanuco: Pam-
payaco (Pampayacu), Kanehira 306.
Masdevallia plantaginea (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 4: 336. 1896; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 196. 1925.
Specklinia plantaginea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 51, t.
89a. 1836. Pleurothallis plantaginea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: Misc.
p. 82, no. 103. 1842; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 41, no. 259. 1859.
Humboldtia plantaginea 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668. 1891.
Plant dwarf, densely caespitose. Stems abbreviated, triquetrous, clothed
by a scarious sheath. Leaf linear-oblanceolate or linear-spatulate, minutely
tridenticulate at the subacute apex, gradually narrowed to a short petiole, up to
3.2 cm. long and 6 mm. wide, coriaceous. Peduncle slightly exceeding the leaf,
up to 4 cm. long, 1-flowered, filiform. Flower small, erect, green with purple
nerves, about 1 cm. long, membranaceous. Sepals connate below into a shallow
cup about 3 mm. long; free portions equal, triangular-lanceolate, acute to acumi-
nate, not caudate. Petals small, obliquely oblong, acute or obtuse, lightly dilated
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 243
below. Lip slightly longer than the petals, oblong-spatulate, rounded at the apex,
about 3.5 mm. long, lightly recurved.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), on trees, Poeppig s.n.
Masdevallia polysticta Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 1: 338.
1874 (nomen nudum); n.s. 2: 290. 1874; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 104:
t. 6368. 1878; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 3 (1892) t.;
Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 35. 1925.
Plant densely caespitose, epiphytic, medium-sized. Stems rather short,
clothed with several loose sheaths. Leaf oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, minutely
tridenticulate at the rounded apex, narrowed below to a more or less distinct
sulcate petiole, up to about 15 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Peduncle much sur-
passing the leaves, up to about 25 cm. long, loosely 3- to 9-flowered, terete, with
the rachis somewhat flexuous. Sepals connate at the base, forming a short shallow
cup about 3 mm. or more long, white or pale lilac with numerous dark reddish or
purplish spots, the inner surface beset with translucent white hairs. Dorsal sepal
broadly ovate, cucullate, with an abrupt slender tail about 1.9 cm. long. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, with reflexed margins, terminating in a similar
tail. Petals very small, cuneate-spatulate, lightly retuse and strongly apiculate
at the broad apex, denticulate on the upper margins, with a stout longitudinal
keel near the anterior margin. Lip as long as the petals, about 3 mm. long,
pandurate-oblong, with the lateral lobules of the lower part terminating in longi-
tudinal keels near its apex, the anterior portion being rounded in front.
Peru (north): Andes, habitat not recorded, Roezl s.n. (type).—
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 134. 1921.—
Piura: Near Huancabamba, 2000-2500 meters, epiphyte, Lehmann
s.n. Also Ecuador.
Masdevallia pumila Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 6,
t. 108 C. 1837; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 333. 1896; Kranzl.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 191. 1925.
Plant small, densely caespitose, up to about 11 cm. high. Stems short, tri-
quetrous. Leaf linear-spatulate or oblanceolate-linear, up to about 9 cm. long
and 6 mm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse or subacute apex, gradually
narrowed below to a more or less distinct petiole, coriaceous, shining. Peduncles
much shorter than the leaf, up to 3.5 cm. long, 1-flowered, filiform. Flower
small, erect, snow-white. Sepals connate below into a short campanulate cup
about 5 mm. long; free parts subequal, triangular-lanceolate, gradually narrowed
into subparallel fleshy tails, up to about 2.8 cm. long including the tails. Petals
about as long as the sepaline cup, linear-ligulate, falcate, obtuse, somewhat
attenuate at both ends. Lip about equaling the petals, from a slender linear
claw abruptly dilated into an ovate-oblong lamina which is rounded at the apex
and deeply cordate at the base, about 5 mm. long.
Huanuco: Near Cuchero (Cochero), in mountain woods, on old
trees, Poeppig s.n.
244 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Masdevallia purpurina Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 61.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 108, nr. 425. 1929.
Plant terrestrial, erect, up to 22 cm. high. Stems much abbreviated, con-
cealed by a sheath. Leaf petioled; lamina oblong-ligulate, obtuse, gradually
narrowed below, up to about 7 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide; petiole up to 5 cm.
long. Peduncle commonly surpassing the leaf, up to 18 cm. long, 1-flowered,
very slender. Flower erect, purple, rather small for its alliance. Sepals connate
at the base into a cylindric-campanulate tube about 7 mm. long. Dorsal sepal
ovate-lanceolate, terminating in a subequally long filiform tail, about 2.5 cm. long
including the tail. Lateral sepals larger, falcate-oblong, rather abruptly termi-
nating in short, slender, decurved tails about 8 mm. long. Petals very small,
obliquely oblong, obtusely and asymmetrically acute or apiculate, with a longi-
tudinal keel (close to the anterior margin) which is extended into a short decurved
auricle near the base. Lip a little smaller than the petals, oblanceolate-elliptic
or "linguiform," subacute, slightly thickened at the base, smooth above, about
4 mm. long.
Cajamarca: Hacienda La Tahona near Hualgayoc, 3100 meters,
Weberbauer 4016.
Masdevallia Schroederiana Hort. Sander ex Card. Chron.
ser. 3, 8: 51. 1890 (nomen tantum); Journ. Hort. ser. 3, 21: 557,
fig. 74. 1890; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 9 (1896) t.;
Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 128: t. 7859. 1902; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih.
34: 82. 1925.
Plant medium-sized, densely caespitose. Stems very short, concealed by
retuse brown sheaths. Leaf up to 15 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, oblanceolate,
minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex, gradually narrowed below into a more
or less distinct petiole. Inflorescences slightly exceeding the leaf, 1-flowered, with
the peduncle up to 20.2 cm. long. Flower large for the plant. Sepals connate at the
base into a narrowly urceolate cup about 2 cm. or more long. Dorsal sepal short,
broadly triangular or ovate-triangular, rich orange-yellow with 2 dark crimson
spots, abruptly terminating in an orange tail 5-7.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals more
deeply connate with each other than with the dorsal sepal, obliquely triangular-
ovate, about three times as long as the dorsal sepal, white on the inner half and
violet to rose-crimson on each side, contracted into orange tails slightly shorter
than that of the dorsal sepal. Petals minute, clawed, obliquely subrhombic-
oblong, obtuse and lobulate above. Lip slightly longer than the petals, pandurate-
oblong, obtuse at the recurved apex, cordate at the base, with 2 small longitudinal
keels near the center, about 8 mm. long.
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded. However, Mas-
devallia fulvescens Rolfe, which is probably a smaller form of this
species, comes from Colombia.
Masdevallia splendida Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 9: 493.
1878; Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia, sub M. Veitchiana pt. 1
(1890) = ? M. Barlaeana X M. Veitchiana.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 245
Peru: Habitat not recorded, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 134. 1929.
Masdevallia uniflora Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. Prodr.
ed. 1: 122, t. 27. 1794; Syst. Veg. FL Peruv. et Chil. 238. 1798;
Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia pt. 5 (1893) t.; Kranzl. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 34: 171. 1925.
Plant densely caespitose, medium-sized. Stems up to 5 cm. or more long,
clothed with sheaths. Leaf elliptic-spatulate to oblong-oblanceolate, prominently
petioled; lamina up to 9 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, minutely tridenticulate at the
subacute to rounded apex; petiole long, slender, grooved, up to about 14 cm. long.
Peduncle much exceeding the leaves, 1-flowered, up to about 30 cm. long including
the long pedicel of the flower, slender, terete. Sepals up to about 3 cm. long,
connate below into a broadly campanulate cup which is up to 1.3 cm. high, white
or pale rose with yellow at the base and with purplish or yellow tails. Dorsal
sepal triangular or ovate-triangular, terminating subabruptly in a short tail about
1.1 cm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-ovate, with similar or slightly shorter tails.
Petals very small, obliquely ligulate or oblong, broadly obtuse to 3-denticulate
at the broad apex, at the base with a conspicuous deflexed tooth in front and
a longitudinal keel close to the anterior margin. Lip about as large as, or slightly
larger than, the petals, broadly oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, with undulate or
lightly crenulate margins and a pair of more or less distinct elevated lines, about
7-9.6 mm. long.
Huanuco, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 134. 1921.—
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Huassa-huassi, about 2900 meters, in rocky
places, Pawn s.n. (type) . Same locality and altitude, Woytkowski 40.
On mountains toward Palca, on dry plains with scattered shrubs,
3200-3500 meters, Weberbauer 2488. Also Ecuador.
Masdevallia Vargasii C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 19:
34, t., 1950. Figure 40.
Plant epiphytic, caespitose, small. Stems very short, concealed by 3 im-
bricating sheaths. Leaf erect, petioled, up to 8.9 cm. long; lamina oblanceolate-
oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute with a minutely tridenticulate apex, gradually
narrowed below, up to about 7.5 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide. Peduncle exceeding
the leaves, about 13 cm. tall, 2-flowered at the apex, terete below, narrowly
bialate above. Flower large for the plant, yellow. Sepals connate at the base
forming a broadly campanulate cup 1.4 cm. or more high. Dorsal sepal triangular,
concave, free part altogether about 3.2 cm. long, gradually merging into a slender
tail about 2.2 cm. long. Lateral sepals much larger, obliquely ovate-triangular,
more deeply connate with one another than with the dorsal sepal, gradually
produced into short tails. Petals much smaller, obliquely oblong-lanceolate,
with an oblique, acute tip and a fleshy keel subparallel with the anterior margin.
Lip larger than the petals, oblong-lanceolate, lightly pandurate below the middle,
acute, bicarinate in the middle, cordate at the base, about 1.9 cm. long.
MASDEVALLIA
gcisii
C. Schweinf.
FIG. 40. Masdevallia Vargasii C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1. 2, flower broken
open to show column; XI. 3, lip from above; X 2. 4, petal; X 2.
246
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 247
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Sta. Isabel, Cosnipata, 1800
meters, Vargas 5528.
Masdevallia Veitchiana Reichb. f. Card. Chron. 1868: 814;
Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5739. 1868; Woolward, The Genus Mas-
devallia pt. 1 (1890) t.; Kranzl. Fedde Repert. Beih. 34: 24. 1925.
Plant large and showy, caespitose. Stems rather short, concealed by 2 or 3
sheaths. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, minutely tridenticulate
at the obtuse or subacute apex, gradually narrowed below to a more or less distinct
grooved petiole, up to about 25 cm. long and 2.5 cm. or more wide. Peduncle
much surpassing the leaves, about 30-45 cm. high, terete, slender, usually 1-
flowered (rarely 2-flowered). Flower large and showy, within orange-scarlet
beset with purple hairs, without pale yellow or whitish. Sepals connate below
into a campanulate-cylindric cup up to about 3.2 cm. long. Dorsal sepal tri-
angular-ovate, lower portion about 2.5 cm. long, terminating rather abruptly in a
slender tail which is about 2.5-6 cm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat larger,
obliquely oblong-ovate or triangular, tapering into slender, shorter tails. Petals
relatively small, variable, narrowly oblong, obliquely acute, apiculate or tridentic-
ulate, with a narrow longitudinal keel (close to the anterior margin) terminating
near the base in a decurved angle. Lip similar to the petals in size, very variable,
oblong or ovate-oblong, obtusely acute, longitudinally bicarinate, with the abruptly
reflexed apex papillose- thickened, about 1.3 cm. long.
Cuzco: Andes, habitat not recorded, 3400-4000 meters, in
crevices between rocks, Pearce s.n. (type). Summit of Huayna-
Picchu, 2800 meters, exposed places among granite rocks in humus,
West 6449. Prov. of Convencion, Machu-Picchu, 2400 meters,
Vargas 612. Same locality, 2200 meters, on sunny banks of the ruin
walls, Stork, Horton, Vargas 10510, Seibert 1897.
Masdevallia Weberbaueri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 62.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 109, nr. 427. 1929.
Plant caespitose, small to medium-sized, up to about 25 cm. high. Stems
abbreviated, concealed by a sheath. Leaf oblong-oblanceolate or spatulate-
cuneate, minutely tridenticulate at the acute or subacute apex, gradually nar-
rowed below into a more or less distinct, channelled petiole, up to about 14 cm.
long and 1.8 cm. wide. Peduncle conspicuously surpassing the leaves, up to 23
cm. long, angled, slender, stiff, with several congested, successive flowers at the
summit. Flowers rather small, chestnut-brown with greenish yellow tails. Sepals
connate below into a broadly campanulate tube about 8 mm. long. Dorsal sepal
short, broadly triangular below and about 2.1 cm. long, produced into a slender
tail about 1.4 cm. long. Lateral sepals deeply connate below for about 1 cm.,
forming an ovate lamina; free portions obliquely triangular-ovate, tapering into
a short broad tail about 4 mm. long. Petals very small, narrowly oblong, falcate,
obliquely bilobed or bidentate at the apex, with a longitudinal keel close to the
anterior margin. Lip about as large as the petals, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed
to an obtuse, prominently apiculate apex, with the recurved anterior margins
248 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
crenulate; lamina cordate at the base, with a pair of converging angled keels in
the middle, papillose-thickened toward the apex, about 5.5 mm. long.
Cajamarca: Valley of the Rio Tabaconas, 900-950 meters,
Weberbauer 6153.
LEPANTHES Sw.
A rather small American genus extending from Mexico to Panama
and the West Indies and south to Brazil and Bolivia.
Small or medium-sized plants, commonly epiphytic, caespitose or more rarely
with a long, creeping rhizome. Stems very short to elongate, commonly slender,
more or less entirely concealed by tubular-cylindric sheaths terminating in a more
or less spreading, marginate mouth. Leaf solitary and terminal on each stem,
commonly erect, linear-lanceolate to orbicular. Racemes axillary, terminal,
solitary or several, shorter or much longer than the leaf, 1- to many-flowered,
distichously flowered, loose or dense. Flowers minute to medium-sized. Sepals
membranaceous or more rarely fleshy, commonly spreading, all connate at the
base (with the lateral ones often more deeply connate), usually subequal, ciliate
or smooth on the margins. Petals much smaller than the sepals, usually adnate
to the column, generally transversely bilobed, sometimes with appendages. Lip
strongly adnate to the column, polymorphic, simple or more commonly 3-lobed
with the unguiculate lateral lobes conspicuous and usually peltate, and the mid-
lobe more or less minute. Column small, often slender, footless, wingless, com-
monly dilated above. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent. Pollinia 2, ovoid,
ellipsoid or pyriform, waxy.
Al. Petals many times longer than broad, simple; lip simple, not 2- or 3-
lobed L. trachysepala
A2. Petals broader than long (usually much so), transversely bilobed; lip 2- or
3-lobed I
la. Middle of the petals with an elongate tooth or mucro; posterior lobule of
petals retuse and irregularly lobulate L. mesochlora
Ib. Middle of the petals without an elongate mucro; posterior lobule of the
petals not retuse or lobulate 1
la. Inflorescence loosely or very loosely flowered, with a fractiflex rachis, much
surpassing the leaf 2
Ib. Inflorescence densely or subdensely flowered (at least above), usually much
shorter than the leaf (rarely somewhat surpassing the leaf) 4
2a. Stems abbreviated, 9 mm. or less long; sepals about 11 mm. long; anterior
lobe of the petals abbreviated L. Koehleri
2b. Stems relatively elongate, 15 mm. or more long; sepals about 6 mm. or
more long; anterior lobe of the petals little shorter than the posterior
lobe 3
3a. Sheathed stems minutely muriculate; pedicellate ovary short, about equal-
ing the subtending floral bract; lateral sepals distinctly ciliate. . .L. alticola
3b. Sheathed stems prominently hispid; pedicellate ovary elongate, much sur-
passing the subtending bract; lateral sepals smooth on the margin but
cellular-papillose on the outer side L. longipedicellata
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 249
4a. Sepals aristate or abruptly caudate 5
4b. Sepals acute or long-acuminate, neither aristate nor abruptly caudate .... 6
5a. Leaf up to 2.5 cm. long; dorsal sepal much larger than the lateral sepals;
lobes of the petals and lip ciliate L. cassidea
5b. Leaf 5.5 cm. or more long; dorsal sepal a little shorter than the lateral
sepals; lobes of the petals and lip not ciliate L. caudatisepala
6a. Sepals acuminate or long-acuminate 7
6b. Sepals acute (rarely short-acuminate) 8
7a. Leaf ligulate, 5-7 cm. long including the petiole; sepals ciliolate .L.juninensis
7b. Leaf elliptic to broadly oval, 2.7 cm. or less long including the petiole;
sepals not ciliate L. pubicaulis
8a. Plant tall, stems 17 cm. or more high; leaf oblong-ovate, acuminate; dorsal
sepal triangular-ovate, little longer than broad L. minutipetala
8b. Plant low, stems 7.6 cm. or less high; leaf ovate or suborbicular-ovate to
broadly oval, acute or obtuse 9
9a. Sepals prominently ciliate; lobes of the petals relatively narrow . . L. tracheia
9b. Sepals smooth on the margin; lobes of the petals broad L. pumila
Lepanthes alticola C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 10: 121, t. 16, figs. 5-9. 1942. Figure 45.
Plant small, delicate, caespitose. Stems filiform, up to 5 cm. high, entirely
concealed by 4 or 5 close, tubular sheaths with minutely hispid nerves terminating
in an infundibuliform, hispid, marginate mouth. Leaf small, oblanceolate-
elliptic to elliptic-obovate, acute and minutely tridenticulate at the apex, gradu-
ally narrowed to a slender petioled base, up to 3.9 cm. long and 9 mm. wide.
Inflorescences 1 or 2, commonly much longer than the leaf, loosely several- to
many-flowered, diffuse or arcuate, up to 16 cm. long, with a strongly fractiflex
rachis. Floral bracts originating below the pedicel, long-awned, surpassing the
pedicel. Flowers small, membranaceous, ringent, mostly pale yellow. Sepals
connate below. Dorsal sepal ovate, concave, about 7.5 mm. long, rather abruptly
caudate above with the cauda 2.5-3 mm. long, 3-nerved with the nerves high-
carinate without. Lateral sepals about equally long, connate for about half their
length, each one obliquely lanceolate, long-acuminate or caudate, irregularly
cellular-ciliate, 2-nerved with the inner nerve conspicuous and dorsally carinate.
Petals much smaller than the sepals, adnate to the column near the base, trans-
versely bilobed with the posterior lobule obliquely oblong-ovate and the anterior
lobule oblong-lanceolate. Lip adnate to the column at about the middle, smaller
than the petals, 3-lobed; lateral lobes obliquely triangular, peltate, about 2 mm.
long; mid-lobe minute, triangular-linear.
Huanuco: Tambo de Vaca, about 4000 meters, Macbride 4461.
Lepanthes cassidea Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 146. 1856.
Plant small, caespitose. Stems very slender, spreading, more or less arcuate,
up to about 14 cm. long, concealed by 11-17 close, tubular-cylindric sheaths
terminating in a spreading aristate, ciliate mouth. Leaf elliptic-lanceolate
("cuneate lanceolate"), sharply tridentate at the acute apex, about 2.5 cm. long,
violet beneath. Inflorescence apparently solitary, capillary, slightly surpassing
250 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
the leaf; raceme short, densely about 12-flowered, with a fractiflex, arcuate rachis.
Floral bracts much shorter than the pedicellate ovaries, aristate. Flowers red.
Sepals connate at the base. Dorsal sepal ovate, galeate, aristate. Lateral sepals
much smaller, connate below, prominently aristate. Petals smaller than the
sepals, transversely and horizontally bilobed with the lobes obliquely triangular-
lanceolate or linear-triangular and ciliolate above. Lip adnate to the column
near the middle and surrounding it below, 3-lobed; lateral lobes broadly dolabri-
form, peltate with a broad apex, ciliolate; mid-lobe very small, oblong or ligulate,
obtuse. Column slender.
"Peru"(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 138. 1921.
Also Ecuador (type).
The description was compiled with the aid of a drawing of the
type, from the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Lepanthes caudatisepala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 10: 123, t. 15. 1942. Figure 41.
Plant large for the genus, up to nearly 42 cm. high, caespitose. Stems entirely
concealed by numerous close sheaths, up to about 29.5 cm. high; sheaths tubular-
cylindric, glabrous, with longitudinal nerves terminating in a loose infundibuli-
form, long-acuminate and marginate mouth. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic to
oblong-elliptic, rather abruptly long-acuminate with a minutely tridentate apex,
broadly cuneate below, up to 11.5 cm. long and 4.9 cm. wide, marginate and with
3 rather conspicuous nerves; petiole short, channelled, up to 1 cm. long. Inflo-
rescences usually 1 or 2, filiform, arcuate, shorter than or subequaling the leaf,
few- to many-flowered, densely flowered above, with a more or less fractiflex
rachis, up to 11 cm. long. Flowers yellow, often with red petals and lip. Sepals
horizontally spreading, glabrous, membranaceous, connate below. Dorsal sepal
ovate or oblong-ovate, abruptly caudate-acuminate, 3-nerved, the nerves carinate
without, up to 8.1 mm. long. Lateral sepals very obliquely ovate, caudate-
acuminate, connate for about one third of their length, each one 2-nerved, slightly
longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller, transverse, horizontally
bilobed; posterior lobule obliquely obovate-subquadrate; anterior lobule obliquely
triangular-lanceolate, slightly shorter and much narrower than the posterior
lobule. Lip 3-lobed, adnate to about the middle of the column; lateral lobes
peltate from a short subquadrate-cuneate claw, the flattened apex being oblong-
elliptic and 2-2.5 mm. long; mid-lobe minute, often sharply bidentate.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata-Sta. Rita region, 2800
meters, epiphyte in forest, Vargas 2645. — Huanuco: Muna, on trail
to Tambo de Vaca, about 2460 meters, at the base of a tree, Mac-
bride 4273 (type).
Lepanthes juninensis Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 71. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 112, no. 441. 1929.
Plant caespitose, epiphytic, 12-15 cm. tall. Stems entirely concealed by 7-8
tubular-cylindric sheaths which are minutely hispidulose on the longitudinal
FIG 41 Lepanthes caudatisepala C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X K- 2, flower
from above; X 5. 3, lip from above; X 10. 4, petal; X 5.
251
252 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
nerves and terminate in an obliquely lanceolate, hispidulose mouth. Leaf erect,
petioled; lamina ligulate, obtusely tridentate at the apex, gradually narrowed
below, coriaceous, 4-6 cm. long, almost 1 cm. wide; petiole about 1 cm. long.
Inflorescences 1-3, erect, equaling the leaf or a little shorter than the leaf, sub-
densely many-flowered above. Flowers medium-sized, membranaceous, succes-
sive. Sepals connate at the base, minutely ciliate throughout. Dorsal sepal
ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, about 7.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals
very obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, connate from the base almost to the middle,
about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, trans-
versely bilobed with horizontal lobes, glabrous; lobes obliquely triangular or
triangular-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, with the posterior lobe rather longer.
Lip adnate to the column above the middle, deeply bipartite with falcate-lanceo-
late, subsessile, glabrous lobes which are carinate through the upper half and
produced into oblong auricles at the base. Column slender, glabrous.
Junin: On the mountains west of Huacapistana, Weberbauer
2057.
I have seen no material of this species.
Lepanthes Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. 10: 386. 1912;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 58: t. 28, nr. 110. 1930.
Plant caespitose, epiphytic, erect-spreading, slender, up to about 11 cm. tall.
Stems very short, up to about 9 mm. long, entirely concealed by 3 sheaths which
are tubular-cylindric, close, minutely papillose on the longitudinal nerves, and
abruptly dilated into an ovate, acuminate mouth which is also minutely papillose-
ciliate. Leaf elliptic or oblong-elliptic, minutely tridenticulate at the obtuse apex,
gradually subpetiolate-narrowed below, marginate, up to about 1.7 cm. long and
7 mm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, much surpassing the leaf, filiform, up to
almost 12 cm. long, loosely several- to many-flowered above, with a fractiflex
rachis. Flowers rather large, membranaceous, glabrous. Sepals connate below.
Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, long-caudate above, probably 3-nerved, about 1.1
cm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-lanceolate, connate through the
lower third, long-caudate above, as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller
than the sepals, transversely and horizontally bilobed; posterior lobe oblong and
obtuse; anterior lobe abbreviated, obtusely dentiform. Lip adnate to the column,
deeply bipartite, about 2 mm. long, with subsessile, obliquely triangular-lanceolate
lobes which are auricled at the base and provided with a long longitudinal keel.
Column slender, slightly dilated above.
Junin: Chanchamayo, Rio Blanco, 1400 meters, on coffee trees
of Sta. Teresa Hacienda, Kohler s.n. Also Bolivia probably.
This diagnosis was compiled with the aid of a photograph from
the Schlechter Herbarium.
Lepanthes longipedicellata C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 15: 79, t. 21. 1951. Figure 42.
Plant small, caespitose, up to 10.5 cm. tall. Stems slender, up to 7 cm. high,
entirely concealed by several (up to 7) close, tubular, hispid sheaths which termi-
LEPANTHES
lonqipedicella'ta
FIG. 42. Lepanthes longipedicellata C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1. 2, flower,
partially expanded; X 5. 3, lip; X 15. 4, petal; X 15.
253
254 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
nate in an ovate, marginate, hispid mouth. Leaves solitary and erect at the apex
of the stem, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, more or less acute with a minutely tri-
denticulate apex, cuneate-narrowed to a short petiole, up to 3.5 cm. long including
the petiole and 1.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1-10, diffuse, generally distinctly
surpassing the leaf at maturity, loosely several- (up to 12-) flowered, with a more
or less fractiflex rachis; pedicels spreading-ascending, much surpassing the sub-
tending bract. Flowers very small, membranaceous, with widely spreading
sepals. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate with a caudate-acuminate, recurved apex,
cucullate, the mid-nerve carinate without, about 6 mm. long when expanded.
Lateral sepals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, shortly
connate at the base, conspicuously long-papillose and unicarinate without, a little
longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals,
transversely bilobed, about 0.3 mm. long and 3.1 mm. wide, with the posterior lobe
oblong-linear and the anterior lobe slightly smaller, triangular-linear. Lip very
small, adnate to the column above the middle, 3-lobed, about 1.5 mm. long;
lateral lobes dolabriform with a truncate base, a thickened outer margin and
a slender incurved apex; mid-lobe minute, pubescent.
Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, below Ollachea, 2500 meters, below
cliffs, Vargas 6939.
Lepanthes mesochlora Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 147. 1856.
Plant slender, variable, epiphytic, caespitose. Stems numerous, filiform,
commonly 8-16 cm. long, entirely concealed by numerous close, tubular-cylindric,
glabrous sheaths which terminate in a lanceolate-ovate, long-acuminate mouth.
Leaf horizontal or reflexed at maturity, lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
long-acuminate with a prominently tridentate apex, sometimes purplish beneath,
sessile or nearly so, up to 8.5 cm. long and 1.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2,
more or less shorter than the leaf, sometimes with 2 remote dense clusters of few
to many flowers. Flowers small, yellow, often with bright green petals and lip or
light red-purple. Sepals connate at the base, glabrous. Dorsal sepal ovate or
oblong-ovate ("triangular"), acute, 3-nerved, about 3.8-4 mm. long. Lateral
sepals a little shorter but much narrower, obliquely lanceolate-ovate, acute,
connate through about two thirds of their length, 2-nerved. Petals transversely
and horizontally bilobed with an elongate tooth or mucro between the lobules,
ciliolate; posterior lobule variable, subquadrate and broader above or below,
with a broad, abruptly truncate apex which is retuse and irregularly lobulate
(often one of the outer teeth elongate) ; anterior lobule a little shorter, triangular
or narrowly triangular. Lip adnate to the column, deeply 3-lobed, shorter than
the sepals, ciliate; lateral lobes relatively large, "oblong," apparently peltate,
with the outer surfaces about 2 mm. long; mid-lobe about half as long or less,
ligulate.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, slopes of Pillahuata, 2900 meters,
in rain-forest, "ceja de la montana," Vargas 3670. Also Ecuador
(type).
This diagnosis was compiled with the aid of drawings of the type
from the Reichenbach Herbarium and from an Ecuadorian specimen
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 255
referred to this species, as well as the Peruvian collection which
differs from the type in having somewhat broader leaves and sepals.
Lepanthes minutipetala C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 15: 81, t. 22. 1951. Figure 43.
Plant slender, apparently terrestrial and growing in thick moss. Stems
caespitose, tall, slender to filiform, about 24 cm. or less high, rarely proliferating
at the apex, entirely concealed by numerous close, tubular, minutely scabrous
sheaths which terminate in a spreading, ovate, marginate, hispid mouth. Leaf
solitary, erect or spreading, oblong-ovate, rather abruptly acuminate to a tri-
denticulate apex, cuneate-narrowed to a short petiole below, up to 4.6 cm. long
including the petiole and 1.3 cm. wide. Inflorescences usually 2 or 3, racemose,
densely 2- to several-flowered, equaling about half of the subtending leaf or less.
Flowers very small, glabrous, yellow. Sepals membranaceous, wide-spreading,
deeply connate at the base. Dorsal sepal relatively large, triangular-ovate, acute
or short-acuminate, 3-nerved, about 5 mm. long and nearly as wide at the base of
the free part. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-ovate, acute and short-apiculate,
with the inner margins connate through the lower half, distinctly smaller (es-
pecially narrower) than the dorsal sepal. Petals very small, transversely sub-
orbicular-oval, broadly rounded to subtruncate above. Lip 3-lobed, attached to
about the middle of the column by the broad base of the lateral lobes; lateral lobes
dolabriform-peltate with a linear-lanceolate, pubescent outer surface which is about
2 mm. long; mid-lobe minute, broadly rhombic-ovate, sharply bidentate, pubes-
cent. Column slender, about 1.9 mm. long.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, "Cordillera de Tres Cruces,"
3600 meters, in rain-forest, "ceja de la montana," Vargas 3637.
Lepanthes pubicaulis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15:82, t. 23. 1951. Figure 44.
Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, about 8 cm. high. Stems very slender,
erect-spreading, up to 5.6 cm. long, entirely concealed by 6 to 8 close, tubular,
densely pilose sheaths which terminate in an ovate, spreading, marginate, pilose
mouth. Leaf solitary, terminal, erect or erect-spreading, elliptic to oval, subacute
to obtuse at the minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate below and gradually
narrowed to a short petiole, up to 2.7 cm. long including the petiole, and 1.5 cm.
wide (commonly smaller). Inflorescences axillary, usually 3 or 4, rather densely
2- to 16-flowered above, commonly more or less shorter than the leaf but rarely
exceeding the leaf, erect to arcuate, about 3 cm. or less long including the short,
naked peduncle. Flowers small, membranaceous, reddish yellow. Sepals glabrous,
connate below. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 3-nerved, about
7.4 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar to the dorsal sepal but a little shorter and
narrower. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely bilobed with sub-
equal, divergent lobes; posterior lobe narrowly lanceolate, gradually narrowed to
an obtuse tip; anterior lobe about equally long but slightly broader. Lip small,
adnate to the lower part of the column, broadly triangular-ovate in outline,
prominently 3-lobed near the apex, truncate-cordate at the base, about 2.3 mm.
LEPANTHES
FIG. 43. Lepanthes minutipetala C. Schweinf. 1, plants; X Y^ 2, flower,
expanded; X 5. 3, lip and column, showing petals, natural position; X 8. 4,
petal; X 10. 5, lip; X 10.
256
LEPANTHES
uhtcaulis
C,Sc
FIG. 44. Lepanthes pubicaulis C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1M- 2, flower,
expanded; X 3. 3, petal; X 6. 4, column and lip, three-quarters view; X
257
258 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
long from the center of the base to the tip of a lateral lobe; lateral lobes relatively
large, obliquely semiovate, incurved above; mid-lobe minute, triangular-ovate.
Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Cachubamba, Marcapata, 2800
meters, Vargas 3817.
Lepanthes pumila C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 10: 125, t. 16, figs. 1-4. 1942. Figure 45.
Plant small, slender, epiphytic, caespitose, variable in size, up to 8 cm. high-
Stems filiform, spreading, up to 7.6 cm. long (commonly 6 cm. or less long),
entirely concealed by 5 to 7 close, tubular-cylindric sheaths which are minutely
hispidulose on the longitudinal nerves, terminating in an ovate, marginate,
bristly-ciliate mouth. Leaf ovate to elliptic (rarely oval), acute to obtuse with
a minutely tridenticulate apex, cuneate or rounded below with a very short
petiole, up to 2.6 cm. long including the petiole, and 1.45 cm. wide. Inflorescences
1 to several, very short, with the rachis reaching to about the middle of the leaf,
densely 1- to 8-flowered above. Flowers small, membranaceous, glabrous, rose-red
with a green apex or grass-green with a deep red lip and column. Dorsal sepal
oblong-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, about 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals shorter than the
dorsal sepal but slightly broader, very obliquely ovate, abruptly acute, 2-nerved,
connate near the base. Petals smaller than the sepals, transversely and horizon-
tally bilobed; posterior lobule obliquely ovate to suborbicular, broadly obtuse to
rounded; anterior lobule obliquely triangular-ovate, obtuse, about as long as the
posterior lobule but narrower. Lip smaller than the petals, adnate to the column
near the base, 3-lobed; lateral lobes relatively large, peltate, with a very oblique,
triangular claw and a narrowly oblong-oblanceolate apex which is about 2 mm.
long; mid-lobe much smaller, elliptic, deeply concave, finely pubescent without.
Column arcuate.
Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000
meters in open woods, Kittip & Smith 23151 (type). Same locality,
in dense forest, Killip & Smith 22537.
Lepanthes tracheia Reichb. f. Flora 69: 557. 1886; C. Schweinf.
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 8. 1953.
Plant small or very small, epiphytic, caespitose, about 2.5-6.2 cm. high.
Stems short, filiform, about 1.2-4 cm. long, entirely concealed by about 2-7 close,
tubular-cylindric sheaths which are minutely hispidulose on the nerves and
terminate in an ovate, marginate, hispid mouth. Leaf elliptic-ovate to sub-
orbicular-ovate, obtuse to subacute with a minutely tridenticulate apex, rounded
to subcordate at the shortly petioled base, about 1.2-2.5 cm. long and 9-17 mm.
FIG. 45. Lepanthes pumila C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 1. 2, flower from
above; X 5. 3, petal; X 10. 4, lip from above; X 10. L. alticola C. Schweinf.
5, plant; X 1. 6, flower from above; X 4. 7, petal; X 10. 8, lateral lobe of lip
from below and mid-lobe of lip from above, expanded; X 15. 9, lateral lobe and
mid-lobe of lip from above, natural position; X 15.
259
260 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
wide. Inflorescences 1-3, shorter than the leaf, erect to arcuate, densely flowered
above. Flowers very small, reddish wine-color. Sepals connate near the base,
altogether finely cellular-ciliate, membranaceous. Dorsal sepal ovate, abruptly
acute, 3-nerved, about 4.4 mm. long. Lateral sepals smaller than the dorsal
sepal, obliquely ovate, acute, connate near the base, 2-nerved. Petals much
smaller than the sepals (especially narrower), transversely and horizontally
bilobed, divaricate, pubescent and ciliate; posterior lobule oblong-lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute; anterior lobule much smaller, triangular
or dentiform. Lip adnate to the lower part of the column, smaller than the petals,
deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes relatively large, peltate with a short, cuneate-sub-
quadrate claw, the flat outer surfaces being linear-lanceolate, ciliolate and about
1.9 mm. long; mid-lobe minute, ligulate, ciliate.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, San Pedro to Sta. Isabel, 1350
meters, Vargas 006783. Also Colombia (type).
The Peruvian representative of this species is vegetatively small
and the leaves appear to be more or less cordate in the dried speci-
men. The diagnosis was made from drawings of L. tracheia from the
Reichenbach Herbarium supplemented by the Peruvian collection
referred to this concept.
Lepanthes trachysepala Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 100.
1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 34, nr. 130. 1929; C.
Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 8. 1953.
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, erect or suberect, 20-25 cm. high. Stem
caespitose, rather slender, 5-13.5 cm. long, entirely concealed by several eva-
nescent, close, tubular sheaths which are densely short-pubescent and terminate
in an acuminate, flaring, hispid mouth. Leaf erect or spreading, elliptic-oblong
or "oblong," acute or "obtuse," cuneate to a very short petiole, 2.5-4.9 cm. long,
1 cm. wide. Inflorescences solitary (sometimes with the remnant of an old one),
much surpassing the leaf, sublaxly 8- to 12-flowered above with a nodding rachis,
about 13 cm. long. Flowers rather fleshy, papillose- verru cose without, red with
yellow spots or "pale brown." Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute or "subacute,"
deeply concave, 7-9 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely and narrowly lanceolate,
acute to long-acuminate, 1-nerved, longitudinally concave, connate near the base,
about as long as the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely and narrowly linear, acute,
1-nerved, distinctly shorter than the sepals. Lip erect and parallel to the column
in natural position, adnate to the column at the base, shortly clawed; lamina
convex-reduplicate in natural position, when expanded triangular-ovate, lightly
contracted in the middle of each side, papillose-ciliolate except below, about
4 mm. long, with a high, fleshy, irregular-margined keel in the middle. Column
long and slender, subterete, slightly shorter than the lip.
Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, near Wenner Gren ruins, 3400-3600
meters, in dense, dark, wet forest with much fog and rain, Metcalf
30769. Also Colombia (type).
The Peruvian specimen of this species has a longer stem, longer
leaf and rather larger flowers than the type.
Publication 837
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11